黔东北伊迪卡拉（震旦）纪陡山沱期的古地理环境     

李玉兰  尹海鉴  王约  毛铁 《贵州地质》2012,29(4):295-300

南沱冰期后的伊迪卡拉纪陡山沱期,全球海平面逐渐上升,宏体生物群（包括蓝田生物群、瓮会生物和庙河生物群等）广泛出现在扬子地区,使扬子地区陡山沱期的古地理研究成为目前研究的热点之一。在黔东北江口一铜仁地区的陡山沱组中产有丰富的宏体生物（“瓮会生物群”）和圆柱状叠层石,同时通过对遵义一铜仁陡山沱组多剖面岩性及岩性组合特征的分析和研究,认为在江口德旺地区可能存在有隆起的大陆边缘,其东侧为大陆边缘前缓斜坡相,西侧为半封闭台地相。  相似文献   

Controls on microbial activity and tidal flat evolution in Shark Bay,Western Australia     

Ricardo J. Jahnert  Lindsay B. Collins 《Sedimentology》2013,60(4):1071-1099

Microbial deposits at Shark Bay constitute a diverse living microbial carbonate system, developed in a semi‐arid, highly evaporative marine setting. Three tidal flats located in different embayments within the World Heritage area were investigated in order to compare microbial deposits and their Holocene evolution. The stressing conditions in the intertidal–subtidal environment have produced a microbial ecosystem that is trapping, binding and biologically inducing CaCO₃ precipitation, producing laminated stromatolites (tufted, smooth and colloform), non‐laminated thrombolitic forms (pustular) and cryptomicrobial non‐laminated forms (microbial pavement). A general shallowing‐upwards sedimentary cycle was recognized and correlated with Holocene sea‐level variations, where microbial deposits constitute the younger (2360 years bp ) and shallower sedimentary veneer. In addition, sediments have been documented with evidence of exposure during the Holocene, from 1040 to 940 ¹⁴C years bp , when sea‐level was apparently lower than present. Filamentous bacteria constitute the dominant group in the blister, tufted and smooth mat types, and coccus bacteria dominate the pustular, colloform and microbial pavement deposit types. In the subtidal environment within colloform and pavement structures, microbial communities coexist with organisms such as bivalves, serpulids, diatoms, green algae (Acetabularia), crustaceans, foraminifera and micro‐gastropods, which are responsible for exoskeleton supply and extensive bioturbation. The internal fabric of the microbial deposits is laminated, sub‐laminar, scalloped, irregular or clotted, depending on the amount of fine‐grained carbonate and the natural ability of microbial communities to trap and bind particles or induce carbonate precipitation. Nilemah tidal flat contains the thickest (1·3 m) and best‐developed microbial sedimentary system; its deposition pre‐dated the Rocky Point and Garden Point tidal flats, with the most positive isotope values for δ¹³C and δ¹⁸O, reflecting strong microbial activity in a highly evaporative environment. There is an evolutionary series preserved within the tidal flats reflecting relative ages and degree of salinity elevation.  相似文献   

Aragonite stromatolitic buildups from Santorini (Aegean Sea,Greece): Geochemical and palaeontological constraints of the caldera palaeoenvironment prior to the Minoan eruption (ca 3600 yr bp)     

Pere Anadón  Carles Canet  Walter L. Friedrich 《Sedimentology》2013,60(5):1128-1155

The pyroclastic deposits of the Minoan eruption (ca 3600 yr bp ) in Santorini contain abundant xenoliths. Most of these deposits are calcareous blocks of laminated‐botryoidal, stromatolite‐like buildups that formed in the shallow waters of the flooded pre‐Minoan caldera; they consist of (i) light laminae, of fibrous aragonite arranged perpendicular to layering, and (ii) dark laminae, with calcified filaments of probable biological origin. These microstructures are absent in the light laminae, suggesting a predominant inorganic precipitation of aragonite on substrates probably colonized by microbes. Internal cavities contain loose skeletal grains (molluscs, ostracods, foraminifera and diatoms) that comprise taxa typical of shallow marine and/or lagoon environments. Most of these forms are typical of warm water environments, although no typical taxa from hydrothermal vents have been observed. Past gasohydrothermal venting is recorded by the occurrence of barite, pyrolusite and pyrite traces. The most striking features of the stable isotopic data set are: (i) an overall wide range in δ¹³C_PDB (0·16 to 12·97‰) with a narrower variation for δ¹⁸O_PDB (?0·23 to 4·33‰); and (ii) a relatively uniform isotopic composition for the fibrous aragonite (δ¹³C = 12·40 ± 0·43‰ and δ¹⁸O = 2·42 ± 0·77‰, n = 21). The δ¹³C and δ¹⁸O values from molluscs and ostracods display a covariant trend, which reflects a mixing between sea water and a fluid influenced by volcano‐hydrothermal activity. Accordingly, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr from the studied carbonates (0·708758 to 0·709011 in fibrous aragonite and 0·708920 to 0·708991 in molluscs) suggests that the aragonite buildups developed in sea water under the influence of a hydrothermal/volcanic source. Significant differences in trace elements have been detected between the fibrous aragonite and modern marine aragonite cements. The caldera water from which the fibrous aragonite crusts formed received an input from a volcano‐hydrothermal system, probably producing diffuse venting of volcanogenic CO₂ gas and of a fluid enriched in Ca, Mn and Ba, and depleted in Mg and probably in Sr.  相似文献   

泥河湾盆地虎头梁叠层石的时代研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

韩志勇  杨淳  王永  闵隆瑞 《第四纪研究》2005,25(1):86-92

阳原县虎头梁的泥河湾层夹有两层第四纪的叠层石,即上、下叠层石。文章分析了从3个地点采集的叠 层石样品,分别用热电离质谱铀系法和α能谱铀系法测量了它们的年龄。同一样品致密部分和非致密部分的年龄 及铀含量明显不一致,同时致密部分的铀系年龄出现倒序,此结果表明虎头梁的叠层石不适合用铀系法测年。根 据沉积物光谱光度测量,文章发现亮度值随剖面深度的变化曲线与北太平洋的风尘通量曲线形态相似,通过对比, 可以尝试将后者的时间标尺转移到前者上来,从而可建立虎头梁的泥河湾层的亮度时间标尺。它指示阳原县虎头 梁杏沟剖面上、下叠层石的年龄分别为73kaB.P.和274kaB.P.,分别是间冰期晚期和冰期的产物,前人所报道的孢 粉组合所代表的古气候环境支持这个年龄。  相似文献   

Stromatolites in the Late Ordovician Eureka Quartzite: implications for microbial growth and preservation in siliciclastic settings     

PETER A. DRUSCHKE  GANQING JIANG  THOMAS B. ANDERSON†  ANDREW D. HANSON 《Sedimentology》2009,56(5):1275-1291

Well-preserved siliciclastic domal stromatolites, up to 2 m wide and 1·5 m high, are found in a 10 to 15 m thick interval within the Late Ordovician Eureka Quartzite of Southern Nevada and Eastern California, USA. These stromatolites appear as either isolated features or patchy clusters that contain more than 70% by volume quartz grains; their association with planar, trough and herringbone cross-bedding suggests that they were formed in an upper shoreface environment with high hydraulic energy. In this environment, sand bars or dunes may have provided localized shelter for initial microbial mat colonization. Biostabilization and early lithification of microbial mats effectively prevented erosion during tidal flushing and storm surges, and the prevalence of translucent quartz sand grains permitted light penetration into the sediment, leading to thick microbial mat accretion and the formation of domal stromatolites. Decimetre-scale to metre-scale stromatolite domes may have served as localized shelter and nucleation sites for further microbial mat colonization, forming patchy stromatolite clusters. Enrichment of iron minerals, including pyrite and hematite, within dark internal laminae of the stromatolites indicates anaerobic mineralization of microbial mats. The occurrence of stromatolites in the Eureka Quartzite provides an example of microbial growth in highly stressed, siliciclastic sedimentary environments, in which microbial communities may have been able to create microenvironments promoting early cementation/lithification essential for the growth and preservation of siliciclastic stromatolites.  相似文献   

中国中新元古代重要沉积地质事件及其意义   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

旷红伟  柳永清  耿元生  白华青  彭楠  范正秀  宋换新  夏晓旭  王玉冲  陈骁帅 《古地理学报》2019,21(1):1-30

地球曾经历了3次超大陆演化过程,其中2次超大陆(哥伦比亚(Columbia)和罗迪尼亚(Rodinia))旋回涉及中新元古代,并与一系列区域性事件相联系,形成了多成因的超大陆演化模型。华北中东部新元古代沉积事件、扬子和塔里木新元古代裂谷事件、雪球事件等都被视为Rodinia超大陆的裂解响应,它们对定时三大陆块相互关系及定位其在全球超大陆的位置具有至关重要的作用,也反映了重要沉积地质事件在超大陆研究中不可或缺的作用和意义。此外,在中新元古代的Columbia和Rodinia超大陆演化过程中,还伴随发育具有广泛区域性甚至全球意义的巨厚白云岩与碳酸盐岩微生物(岩)、红层与黑色页岩、全球性臼齿亮晶碳酸盐岩和埃迪卡拉纪盖帽碳酸盐岩等沉积事件群及元素(同位素)漂移等地球化学异常事件,也包括特殊且重要的磷块岩、锰、铁矿等沉积成矿事件。由于不断显示出来在全球古大陆重建和古地理恢复方面的重要作用,它们越来越得到学术界的广泛关注和研究。文中通过系统分析中国中新元古代超大陆旋回演化中发育的部分重要或关键地质事件(群)时空发育与分布特征,并结合作者团队的实际资料和测试数据,以期揭示超大陆演化过程与重要沉积地质事件的内在联系,为超大陆聚散旋回演化和时空定位及原型沉积盆地的发育和评价提供科学证据。  相似文献   

深海锰结核—核形石的新类型   总被引：20，自引：1，他引：20  

边立曾  林承毅 《地质学报》1996,70(3):232-236,T002

对东太平洋深海锰结核用偏光显微镜、扫描电镜和透射电镜进行了研究。结果表明其由核心和叠层石包壳组成,具有核形石特有的结构和构造。因此,深海锰结核是一种锰质核形石。根据包壳中叠层石的种类,东太平洋锰质核形石可分为两种类型:一种表面光滑,内部致密,包壳主要由微小叠层石组成;另一种表面呈瘤状,内部疏松,包壳主要由奇异叠层石组成。透射电镜研究表明,锰质核形石的建造者是纳米级超微生物。其中微小叠层石(Minima)是由中华微放线菌(Miniactinomyces chinensis sp.nov.)建造的;奇异叠层石(Admirabilis)是由太平洋螺球孢菌(Spirisosphaerospora pacifica sp.nov.)建造的。  相似文献   

Palaeoproterozoic magnesite: lithological and isotopic evidence for playa/sabkha environments   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Victor A. Melezhik  Anthony E. Fallick  Pavel V. Medvedev  & Vladimir V. Makarikhin 《Sedimentology》2001,48(2):379-397

Magnesite forms a series of 1‐ to 15‐m‐thick beds within the ≈2·0 Ga (Palaeoproterozoic) Tulomozerskaya Formation, NW Fennoscandian Shield, Russia. Drillcore material together with natural exposures reveal that the 680‐m‐thick formation is composed of a stromatolite–dolomite–‘red bed’ sequence formed in a complex combination of shallow‐marine and non‐marine, evaporitic environments. Dolomite‐collapse breccia, stromatolitic and micritic dolostones and sparry allochemical dolostones are the principal rocks hosting the magnesite beds. All dolomite lithologies are marked by δ¹³C values from +7·1‰ to +11·6‰ (V‐PDB) and δ¹⁸O ranging from 17·4‰ to 26·3‰ (V‐SMOW). Magnesite occurs in different forms: finely laminated micritic; stromatolitic magnesite; and structureless micritic, crystalline and coarsely crystalline magnesite. All varieties exhibit anomalously high δ¹³C values ranging from +9·0‰ to +11·6‰ and δ¹⁸O values of 20·0–25·7‰. Laminated and structureless micritic magnesite forms as a secondary phase replacing dolomite during early diagenesis, and replaced dolomite before the major phase of burial. Crystalline and coarsely crystalline magnesite replacing micritic magnesite formed late in the diagenetic/metamorphic history. Magnesite apparently precipitated from sea water‐derived brine, diluted by meteoric fluids. Magnesitization was accomplished under evaporitic conditions (sabkha to playa lake environment) proposed to be similar to the Coorong or Lake Walyungup coastal playa magnesite. Magnesite and host dolostones formed in evaporative and partly restricted environments; consequently, extremely high δ¹³C values reflect a combined contribution from both global and local carbon reservoirs. A ¹³C‐rich global carbon reservoir (δ¹³C at around +5‰) is related to the perturbation of the carbon cycle at 2·0 Ga, whereas the local enhancement in ¹³C (up to +12‰) is associated with evaporative and restricted environments with high bioproductivity.  相似文献   

新元古代十三里台期叠层石组合的地层对比意义   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4  

华洪  曹瑞骥 《地层学杂志》2003,27(1):19-25

新元古代十三里台期辽南徐淮地区的叠层石组合以 Conophyton ocularoides与 Baicalia共生为特色 ,Inze-ria、Gymnosolen、Tungussia、Jurusania、L inella等的相继集中出现为代表 ,叠层石的丰度和分异度极高 ,达到叠层石演化史上的鼎盛时期。类似的叠层石组合在世界各地晚里菲期中频有发现。至马家屯期 ,叠层石进入逐步衰退阶段 ,叠层石多组成半球状生物岩礁 ,柱体细小、相互密集丛生、分叉复杂、大多具壁或鞘 ,柱间充填大量叠层石砾屑和陆源石英碎屑 ,同时叠层石微结构发生明显变化 ,出现特征的半球形放射纤维状组构。十三里台期叠层石组合特征明显、组分相对稳定 ,不仅在区域间 ,甚至在洲际间具有地层对比的潜力。  相似文献   

河北阳原东目连第四纪叠层石古环境分析   总被引：7，自引：3，他引：7  

闵隆瑞  迟振卿  朱关祥  姚培毅  牛平山 《地质学报》2002,76(4):446-453

组成阳原县东目连湖积台地的第四纪“泥河湾层”地层中,发育多层藻迹层和一层“菜花形”、“锥体状”大叠层石(个体高20 cm),大叠层石层延伸1 km,构成古藻坪微地貌。经OSL和古地磁测试,大叠层石年龄推测为220 ka左右。镜下叠层石片子中见蓝藻门的纤细席藻种Phormidium tenue(Menegh)Genegh和湖泊鞘丝藻种Lyngbya Limnetica Lemmermann等。不同形态叠层石反映不同发育阶段,藻迹发育于高水位边缘部位,大叠层石发育于高水位与低水位之间边缘部位。亮层和暗层交替出现的纹层构造是组成叠层石的基本结构构造,它们是由蓝藻丝体生长代谢活动所致。据同位素、磁化率、粒度、地球化学元素、X衍射、孢粉和生物化石等分析,认为气候暖干、盐度高及大量苔藓虫、介形虫、龙介科蠕虫等生物存在的环境有利于大叠层石形成。叠层石可能属半咸水湖、滨湖浅水环境,但据首次在第四纪泥河湾层中发现的苔藓虫和龙介科蠕虫管分析,其成因是否与海水有过联系尚待进一步研究。  相似文献