湖相叠层石纹层生长节律记录的天文周期信号     

伊海生  时志强  杨伟  惠博 《沉积学报》2010,28(3):405-411

对采自青藏高原北部渐新统雅西措组中的叠层石样品进行了研究,通过切面观察和薄片鉴定,确定这些叠层石具有典型的富藻生物纹层和富屑碎屑纹层交替的显微结构特征,纹层生长带呈阶段式波状和柱状产出。采用样品数字图像的灰度值作为计量纹层个数和纹层厚度变化的指标,提取了4件样品的显微纹层厚度变化序列。根据功率谱分析结果,认为叠层石纹层层偶为年际生长纹层,纹层层偶的厚度变化与太阳黑子活动的11年天文周期具有一定的联系,提出湖相环境中叠层石的生长节律记录了太阳活动驱动的气候与环境变化的信息。   相似文献   

辽东半岛震旦系甘井子组叠层石生长机制研究     

苑鼎成  张永利  赖冠明  巩恩普  王俊杰  李德鹏 《地质论评》2023,69(5):2023050009-2023050009

辽南半岛新元古界震旦系甘井子组叠层石出露完好,宏观形态完整,微观构造清晰,是研究新元古代微生物碳酸盐岩建造的理想对象,对恢复古环境和古生态研究具有重要意义。本文选择甘井子组地层为研究对象,根据岩性特征该组自上而下可分成3段。叠层石出露于下段的底部和上段的顶部,底部叠层石为透镜状,顶部叠层石呈大规模层状。下段叠层石呈现波纹状—柱状—丘状的形态组合,上段叠层石呈现波纹状—柱状—长柱状的形态组合,均为水深不断增加的结果。本文通过对比现代叠层石生长机制,确定甘井子组叠层石纹层的3层构造和形成顺序,分析硬质基底对于叠层石定殖和叠层石密集生长的控制,厘定环境变化从微观到宏观对于柱体形态和叠层石规模的影响,揭示了甘井子组叠层石的形成机制。  相似文献   

神农架世界地质公园的中元古代叠层石     

钱迈平  邢光福  马雪 《江苏地质》2018,42(4):527-542

中元古代时期,神农架位于华南古陆,与澳大利亚古陆及西伯利亚古陆相邻,同处于罗迪尼亚超级大陆（Rodinia supercontinent）北部。其沿海的叠层石组合与澳大利亚古陆及西伯利亚古陆沿海的叠层石组合相似,显示了炎热气候下的碳酸盐岩台地潮坪浅水环境特征。常见的叠层石形态类型包括穹状、柱状、层柱状和层状等。主要有神农架大圆顶叠层石（Megadomia shennongjiaensis）、加尔加诺锥叠层石（Conophyton garganicum）、树桩圆柱叠层石（Colonnella cormosa）、简单包心菜叠层石（Cryptozoon haplum）、喀什喀什叠层石（Kussiella kussiensis）、圆柱朱鲁莎叠层石（Jurusania cylindrica）、地窖印卓尔叠层石（Inzeria intia）、瘤通古斯叠层石（Tungussia nodosa）、贝加尔贝加尔叠层石（Baicalia baicalica）、育卡贝加尔叠层石（Baicalia unca）、奥姆泰奥姆泰叠层石（Omachtenia omachtensis）和波层叠层石（Stratifera undata）等。  相似文献   

湖北松滋刘家场地区寒武系叠层石沉积特征及其古环境意义     

陈梅  肖传桃  程俊 《江苏地质》2018,42(1):108-114

湖北松滋刘家场地区寒武系覃家庙组三段发育层状、不规则层状和柱状叠层石,三游洞组发育柱状和半球状叠层石。从层状、不规则层状、柱状到半球状叠层石,内部灰泥含量不断减少,纹层特征从明显到断续,反映了水动力条件加强的变化环境。从沉积岩石学角度与叠层石分类观点讨论得出,研究区不同沉积环境的叠层石组合类型有所差异,不同类型的叠层石主要沉积相带不同:潮上带主要分布层状(包括不规则层状)和柱状叠层石,潮间带主要分布柱状、半球状叠层石;层状叠层石主要分布于水动力条件较弱的潮上带,而柱状和半球状叠层石主要分布于水动力条件较强的潮间带下部。部分后生动物的大量灭绝导致叠层石微生物生长繁殖是松滋寒武系叠层石发育的主要原因。  相似文献   

叠层石研究现状及进展   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

常玉光  郑伟 《沉积与特提斯地质》2012,32(2):89-93

在地球早期生命演化过程中,叠层石-微生物席生态系统主宰地球海洋近30亿年,叠层石作为微生物岩,是一种特殊的生物沉积构造,记录了大量的微生物、环境、地球化学和地球物理等方面的信息。叠层石研究经历了迂回曲折的道路,本文在综述国内外叠层石研究现状的基础上,重点阐述了中国叠层石研究取得的主要成绩和存在的不足,并从多学科交叉融合的角度,结合上下地层岩相变化,提出叠层石研究的新方法和新思路,为我国今后叠层石的研究和古环境的重建提供参考。  相似文献   

Genesis of large siliceous stromatolites at Frying Pan Lake, Waimangu geothermal field, North Island, New Zealand     

BRIAN JONES  ROBIN W. RENAUT†  KURT O. KONHAUSER 《Sedimentology》2005,52(6):1229-1252

Lilypad stromatolites, up to 3 m long and 1·5 m wide, were found to be actively growing in the shallow marginal waters of Frying Pan Lake and its outflow channel. These stromatolites, composed of Phormidium (> 90%), Fischerella, and a variety of other microbes, develop through a series of distinct growth stages. Dark green microbial mats cover the floor of the outflow channel and give rise to columns of various sizes and shapes in the shallower marginal waters. Once the columns reach the water level, the mats spread laterally to form a lilypad stromatolite. The lilypads are characterized by a raised, dark green rim, 4–5 mm high, that encircles a flat interior covered with a distinctive orange-red mat. The microbes forming the columns and lilypad plate are being actively silicified. The stromatolites are formed of: (i) flat-lying Phormidium filaments (P-laminae), (ii) upright filaments of Phormidium that are commonly associated with Fischerella (U-laminae), and (iii) mucus, diatoms and pyrite framboids (M-laminae). P-laminae dominate most of the columns, with tripartite cycles of P-, U-, to M-laminae being found mostly in the upper parts of the stromatolites. The transition from the P- to U-laminae is marked by a change in the growth pattern of the Phormidium and branching of Fischerella, which was probably triggered by a change in environmental conditions. In the Frying Pan Lake outflow channel, this change may be related to fluctuations in water level and flow rates that are caused by periods of heavy rain, seasonal changes, long-term variations in rainfall, and/or the unique 40-day hydrological cycle that exists between Frying Pan Lake and Inferno Crater, which is a nearby hydrothermal crater lake.  相似文献   

Carbonate Minerals in the Warrawoona Group, Pilbara Craton: Implications for Continental Crust, Life, and Global Carbon Cycle in the Early Archean     

Kentaro NAKAMURA  Yasuhiro KATO 《Resource Geology》2002,52(2):91-100

Abstract: The occurrences of the Early Archean carbonate minerals are compiled and their precipitation processes are investigated for the Warrawoona Group, Pilbara Craton. Sedimentary carbonate rocks such as limestone and dolostone are very rare, and only a small amount of sedimentary carbonate minerals are sometimes contained in the hydrothermal bedded chert, implying that a sink of CO₂ was minor in the Early Archean sediments. Moreover, it is very likely that the activity of cyanobacteria forming stromatolites was considerably low in the Early Archean. Microfossils and carbonaceous matter in the hydrothermal cherts are probably derived from a non-photosynthetic microorganisms related to the seafloor hydrothermal activity. Their preservation in sediments may play a very minor role in carbon sink of the Earth's surface.
On the other hand, carbonatized volcanic rocks subjected to seafloor hydrothermal alteration occur ubiquitously in the Early Archean greenstone belts such as the Warrawoona Group, suggesting that the hydrothermally altered oceanic crust had large amounts of CO₂ as carbonate minerals. Global carbon cycle in the Early Archean is considered to have been controlled by the intense seafloor hydrothermal alteration. Large amounts of CO₂ were sunk into the oceanic crust by the alteration. The carbonatized oceanic crust was partly accreted to the continents and/or island–arcs, and partly subducted into the mantle without decomposition. Significant amounts of carbonate minerals in the carbonatized oceanic crust were very likely to store in the accretionary prisms and mantle, consequently giving rise to a decrease of atmospheric and oceanic CO₂.  相似文献   

天津蓟县剖面中元古界铁岭组叠层石岩礁中海绿石的产出特征及地质意义   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

孟晓庆 《西北地质》2006,39(3):112-116

海绿石作为一种特殊的指相矿物,长期以来受到地质学家的重视与研究.显生宙的海绿石,多年来研究的结果表明海绿石发育在慢速弱还原环境.而天津蓟县中元古界铁岭组叠层石岩礁中的海绿石,处于铁岭组二段的早期高水位体系域(EHST)中,以薄膜状形式产在叠层石柱体与柱体间泥晶的交界处,可能指示了一种特殊的海底胶结作用.独特的产出特征表明了前寒武纪(约1 000 Ma左右)的正常高能浅海环境似乎还处于一种氧气不充分的环境.  相似文献   

Microbial primary dolomite from a Norian carbonate platform: northern Calabria, southern Italy   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

ADELAIDE MASTANDREA  EDOARDO PERRI  FRANCO RUSSO  ALESSANDRA SPADAFORA  MAURICE TUCKER† 《Sedimentology》2006,53(3):465-480

The origin of fine‐grained dolomite in peritidal rocks has been the subject of much debate recently and evidence is presented here for a microbial origin of this dolomite type in the Norian Dolomia Principale of northern Calabria (southern Italy). Microbial carbonates there consist of stromatolites, thrombolites, and aphanitic dolomites. High‐relief thrombolites and stromatolites characterize sub‐tidal facies, and low‐relief and planar stromatolites, with local oncoids, typify the inter‐supratidal facies. Skeletal remains are very rare in the latter, whereas a relatively rich biota of skeletal cyanophycea, red algae and foraminifera is present in the sub‐tidal facies. Some 75% of the succession consists of fabric‐preserving dolomite, especially within the microbial facies, whereas the rest is composed of coarse dolomite with little fabric preservation. Three end‐members of dolomite replacement fabric are distinguished: type 1 and type 2, fabric retentive, with crystal size <5 and 5–60 μm, respectively; and type 3, fabric destructive, with larger crystals, from 60 to several hundred microns. In addition, there are dolomite cements, precipitated in the central parts of primary cavities during later diagenesis. Microbialite textures in stromatolites are generally composed of thin, dark micritic laminae of type 1 dolomite, alternating with thicker lighter‐coloured laminae of the coarser type 2 dolomite. Thrombolites are composed of dark, micritic clotted fabrics with peloids, composed of type 1 dolomite, surrounded by coarser type 2 dolomite. Marine fibrous cement crusts are also present, now composed of type 2 dolomite. Scanning electron microscope observations of the organic‐rich micritic laminae and clots of the inter‐supratidal microbialites reveal the presence of spherical structures which are interpreted as mineralized bacterial remains. These probably derived from the fossilization of micron‐sized coccoid bacteria and spheroidal–ovoidal nanometre‐scale dwarf‐type bacterial forms. Furthermore, there are traces of degraded organic matter, probably also of bacterial origin. The microbial dolomites were precipitated in a hypersaline environment, most likely through evaporative dolomitization, as suggested by the excess Ca in the dolomites, the small crystal size, and the positive δ¹⁸O values. The occurrence of fossilized bacteria and organic matter in the fabric‐preserving dolomite of the microbialites could indicate an involvement of bacteria and organic matter degradation in the precipitation of syn‐sedimentary dolomite.  相似文献   

Fine‐grained agglutinated elongate columnar stromatolites: Tieling Formation,ca 1420 Ma,North China          下载免费PDF全文

Fabio Tosti  Robert Riding 《Sedimentology》2017,64(4):871-902

The Mesoproterozoic Tieling Formation, near Jixian, northern China, contains thick beds of vertically branched, laterally elongate, columnar stromatolites. Carbonate mud is the primary component of both the stromatolites and their intervening matrix. Mud abundance is attributed to water column ‘whiting’ precipitation stimulated by cyanobacterial photosynthesis. Neomorphic microspar gives the stromatolites a ‘streaky’ microfabric and small mud flakes are common in the matrix. The columns consist of low‐relief, mainly non‐enveloping, laminae that show erosive truncation and well‐defined repetitive lamination. In plan view, the columns form disjunct elongate ridges <10 cm wide separated by narrow matrix‐filled runnels. The stromatolite surfaces were initially cohesive, rather than rigid, and prone to scour, and are interpreted as current aligned microbial mats that trapped carbonate mud. The pervasive ridge–runnel system suggests scale‐dependent biophysical feedback between: (i) carbonate mud supply; (ii) current duration, strength and direction; and (iii) growth and trapping by prolific mat growth. Together, these factors determined the size, morphology and arrangement of the stromatolite columns and their laminae, as well as their branching patterns, alignment and ridge–runnel spacing. Ridge–runnel surfaces resemble ripple mark patterns, but whether currents were parallel and/or normal to stromatolite alignment remains unclear. The formation and preservation of Tieling columns required plentiful supply of carbonate mud, mat‐building microbes well‐adapted to cope with this abundant sediment, and absence of both significant early lithification and bioturbation. These factors were time limited, and Tieling stromatolites closely resemble coeval examples in the Belt‐Purcell Supergroup of Laurentia. The dynamic interactions between mat growth, currents and sediment supply that determined the shape of Tieling columns contributed to the morphotypical diversity that characterizes mid–late Proterozoic branched stromatolites.  相似文献