红河(元江)流域的典型鱼类游泳能力探究及在过鱼设施流速设计中的应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王永猛  柯森繁  林晨宇  张奔  杨国党  雷青松  邓晓川  石小涛 《湖泊科学》2021,33(6):1820-1831

为探讨红河（元江）流域的典型洄游鱼类游泳能力,给过鱼设施修建设计和鱼类行为学研究提供基础参数,本研究以该流域的野生暗色唇鲮（Semilabeo obscurus）、华南鲤（Cyprinus carpio rubrofuscus）和红魾（Bagarius rutilus）3种鱼类（体长范围0.05~0.45 m）为研究对象,在野外现场布置游泳能力测试水槽分别测试了感应流速、临界游泳速度和突进游泳速度.研究结果表明：（1）对比绝对游泳能力与体长相关性,3种鱼的相对游泳能力与体长的相关性更高,均呈显著负相关;（2）3种鱼之间的游泳能力存在差异,红魾的感应流速最大,为（0.10±0.01）m/s,华南鲤的临界游泳速度最大,为（0.66±0.01）m/s,华南鲤的突进游泳速度最大,为（1.48±0.18）m/s;（3）拟合趋流率与水流速度的相关曲线,所有测试鱼的趋流率与流速的函数关系为Pre=19.80V-1.13（R²=0.96,P<0.05）,得出95%目标鱼的趋流速度为0.11 m/s;利用生存分析方法,得出95%目标鱼累积疲劳的临界和突进游泳速度分别为0.58、1.01 m/s.（4）当以暗色唇鲮、华南鲤和红魾为主要过鱼对象时,建议过鱼设施的内部流速不应小于0.1 m/s,入口的设计流速范围为0.6~1.0 m/s,休息区域的流速范围为0.1~0.6 m/s,孔口或竖缝等高流速区的设计流速不宜超过0.8 m/s,若过鱼设施孔口边壁或底部加糙,可适当增至0.8~1.0 m/s.本研究中红河（元江）流域鱼类游泳能力等资料为过鱼设施修建及珍稀鱼类保护提供了数据支撑.  相似文献   

精密测距在奥运场馆建设中的应用     

王攀  段红志 《地理空间信息》2010,8(3):109-111

介绍了一种使用全站仪同向观测、利用差值计算,配合垂直方向全站仪定位,精确测定泳池长度的方法,克服了现场无法架设仪器和目标棱镜的困难,减少了投点误差、仪器常数误差的影响,该方法还可以用于检验标准长度和仪器加常数。  相似文献   

美国红鱼(Sciaenops ocellatus)、鲈鱼(Lateolabrax maculatus)、斜带髭鲷(Hapalogenys nitens)耐流性试验研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

王萍  桂福坤  吴常文 《海洋与湖沼》2010,41(6):923-929

采用续航游泳时间评测指标作为评测鱼类游泳能力的方法,对一龄美国红鱼、鲈鱼、斜带髭鲷的续航时间,美国红鱼的临界(游泳)速度以及水温对美国红鱼续航时间影响进行了初步研究。结果表明,三种鱼中,美国红鱼耐流能力最强,其次为鲈鱼和斜带髭鲷。美国红鱼、鲈鱼、斜带髭鲷三种鱼的续航时间(或续航能力)与水流流速呈乘幂递减关系。水温对美国红鱼的游泳能力有显著的影响,试验结果表明,本文研究的美国红鱼,在水温20℃、流速84cm/s下的持续续航时间最长,可认为是该规格美国红鱼最适游泳水温范围。  相似文献   

Neurophysiological control of swimming behaviour,attachment and metamorphosis in black-footed abalone (Haliotis iris) larvae     

AC Alfaro  T Young  K Bowden 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2014,48(3):314-334

Experiments were conducted to test the effect of a range of chemicals on larval responses in swimming behaviour, attachment and metamorphosis of the black-footed abalone (Haliotis iris). The effect of antibiotics on larval survival was first tested within negative (filtered seawater) and positive (GABA at 10^?5, 10^?4 and 10^?3 mol L^?1) control assays over 3 days. This experiment corroborated the effectiveness of using antibiotics to improve survival of larvae without obvious synergistic interactions with the GABA inducer or confounding effects of potential bacterial interactions. Chemical treatments (acetylcholine, potassium chloride, dopamine and glutamine) were then tested at various concentrations for their ability to modulate swimming behaviour and induce larval attachment and metamorphosis over 14 days. Generally, larval state shifted from swimming to attached, and from attached to metamorphosed, in the control and treatments over time. However, the peak percentage of attached and metamorphosed larvae varied in time among chemicals and concentrations. While overall percent metamorphosis was minimally enhanced after 14 days of exposure to some chemical treatments at certain concentrations, all treatments displayed significant capacities to down-regulate larval swimming and induce early attachment and metamorphosis. Mortality was recorded throughout the duration of the experiment, and was generally low (<20%) across controls and most treatments for exposures of less than 12 days. Interpretations of specific results from this study are used to elucidate neurophysiological control of larval activities for this abalone species. Comparisons with other marine invertebrates highlight the specificities of chemical cues and endogenous regulatory mechanisms across relatively closely related taxa.  相似文献   

User fees and the permeability of public space at municipal pools and bathhouses in New York City, 1870 – present     

Naomi Adiv  Laura Wolf-Powers 《Urban geography》2013,34(8):1071-1096

This paper examines fees for access to New York City’s public swimming and bathing spaces from 1870 to the present. We argue that, beyond generating revenue and rationing space, charges for admission to public bathing spaces have served to condition how permeable those spaces were to various groups of potential users. Municipal actors involved in administering baths and pools have used fees to maintain and order these spaces; to distinguish between deserving and undeserving users; and to include and exclude participants in an ostensibly universal public. Over time, fees have been naturalized, erasing these motivations and giving cause to their outcomes. We problematize the fee in order to address both theoretical questions about the nature of public space and practical ones about how municipal administrators govern amidst competing pressures to serve, develop and regulate urban residents and their communities.  相似文献   

Estimate of biological production in some stream invertebrates     

C. L. Hopkins 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(4):629-640

Annual production of invertebrates was investigated in two streams, the Hinau and Horokiwi, in the North Island of New Zealand. Estimates were based on the instantaneous growth rate method, with adjustments made according to the number of generations produced per year. Production of primary consumers (herbivores and detritus feeders) was 7.6–72.1 g.m^‐2.y^‐1, and of secondary consumers (predators) 0.8–11.9 g.m^‐3.y^‐1. In both streams the lowest production was found in tree‐shaded situations. Production: biomass ratios ranged from 5.3 to 7.9 for primary consumers, and from 3.7 to 6.5 for secondary consumers. These ratios fall within the range of results found by workers in other countries. Fish in the two streams studied feed mainly on the primary consumers and so may be competing for food with invertebrate secondary consumers.  相似文献   

东海鲐鱼(Scomber japonicus)仔幼鱼游泳行为对输运和补充量的影响     

李曰嵩  潘灵芝  陈新军  费岳军 《海洋与湖沼》2013,44(2):318-325

采用物理环境因子,确定鲐鱼仔幼鱼运动和物理环境之间的响应关系,建立起了基于个体具有游泳行为的鲐鱼早期生长史模型。结果表明,具有游泳行为仔幼鱼前期对输运分布的影响不大,后期随着游泳能力的增强,逐渐在温盐梯度较大锋面,靠近暖水的一侧进行集群和滞留,并使向东北输运速度降低,输运到太平洋和日本海的幼鱼数量下降,所处水深降低,适应生长发育,死亡率降低。产卵场位置的变动使偏西产卵的集群受台湾暖流影响较大,导致集群偏西,主要聚集在偏北的台湾暖流水和长江冲淡水交汇区高温、高盐一侧。偏东产卵受黑潮影响较大,集群偏东,不形成大量聚集和滞留;在生存率方面正常产卵位置是最佳产卵位置。研究认为,物理环境和生物因素同样会对具有游泳行为仔幼鱼的输运和补充产生影响。  相似文献   

脊椎动物足迹、游泳迹生态类型及在恢复古环境中的作用     

胡勇  卢宗盛  许聘  熊鑫琪 《地质科技情报》2004,23(4):25-29

脊椎动物足迹、游泳迹化石的形成需要严格的保存条件,不同类型的足迹、游泳迹化石对其形成环境具有很强的指示作用。对脊椎动物足迹、游泳迹进行了生态分类,分为硬基底足迹、软基底足迹、浅水划行迹、水深小于或等于生物身高的游泳迹、水深大于生物身高的游泳迹等5类。提出可以根据脊椎动物足迹、游泳迹的生态类型对古水体深度、古水流方向、沉积物中水分含量等古环境进行恢复。同时可以利用足迹群的方向性、足迹和游泳迹的层面组构及垂向更替进行古岸线的恢复及沉积过程和古气候旋回的分析。  相似文献   

Genetic interpretation of fish swimming trails and calculation of fish-body length in Late Triassic Hengshan, Shannxi Province, China     

LU Zongsheng  HOU Jianxiang  CHEN Bin  HAO Chaokun  LI Xiaoyan 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2004,47(3)

The fish swimming trail fossils are rare and, therefore, precious. The specimen described abroad are generally smaller or more poorly preserved. The specimens used in the present study and derived from the Mesozoic strata in Hengshan County, Shaanxi Province, China, are rare because of their completeness (with the length of the specimen reaching 4 m), exquisiteness and largeness in trace body. These specimens, classified as four ichnospecies, including two new ones, show the morphological pattern of the fish swimming trails. The trace fish bodies are calculated to be 32-92 cm long.  相似文献   

Behaviour of Cyclopoid, Harpacticoid, and Calanoid Copepods from Coastal Waters of Taiwan   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Jiang-Shiou  Hwang Jefferson T.  Turner 《Marine Ecology》1995,16(3):207-216

Abstract. Cinematographic techniques were used to compare behaviour patterns of three cyclopoid, one harpacticoid, and two calanoid species of copepods from coastal waters of Taiwan. Behaviour was quantified in terms of allocation of time to swimming versus non-swimming behaviour, and behavioural transitions/minute. The different species of copepods exhibited different patterns of behaviour. Oithona nana and O. similis had long periods of inactivity punctuated by comparatively few transitions to intermittent leaps of motion. Oncaea venusta had a more jerky pattern of numerous small hops with frequent transitions between motion and rest. Macrosetella gracilis spent more time swimming than did the cyclopoids, but with fewer behavioural transitions than O. venusta , more like the Oithona species. Temora turbinala swam virtually continuously and transitions to non-swimming were rare. Undinula vulgaris var. taiwanicus frequently alternated between upward motion and sinking at rest, making a feeding current about a fourth of the time. There was considerable intraspecific variability between individual animals, but for reasons of experimental design, it was impossible to statistically test the significance of this variation. Differences in behaviour patterns between the different species are discussed within the context of what is known about the feeding ecology of these species from previous investigations.  相似文献