太湖沉积物和湖岸土壤的污染元素特征及环境变化效应   总被引：38，自引：3，他引：38  

袁旭音  陈骏  季峻峰  陶于祥  王润华 《沉积学报》2002,20(3):427-434

太湖沉积物和湖岸土壤具有相似的物质组成，具有相同的物源，通过补给区的径流，营养元素和重金属元素随着土壤迁入湖泊，由于沉积物和土壤物化条件的不同，它们的营养元素和重金属含量有差异。土壤中氮，磷的总量和有效态均比沉积物中高，表明有一部分营养物质进入了水体；营养元素高的沉积物均靠近城镇，其原因为居民生活污水排放，土壤和沉积物中多数重金属元素尚未超过自然背景值，只有沉积物中Cd和Pb，土壤中的Cu,Cd和Hg超过，但沉积物中重金属元素大多比土壤中高，特别在北部沿岸沉积物中，重金属元素含量大大超过平均值，这种不正常的高值是由人类不合理的废水，废物敢排放引起。  相似文献   

冻融作用对地气系统能量交换的影响分析   总被引：7，自引：12，他引：7  

李述训  南卓铜  赵林 《冰川冻土》2002,24(5):506-511

通过对温度波在地层内传播过程问题的分析研究, 讨论土在冻结和融化过程对地气系统能量交换的影响, 并以亚粘土为例应用近似方法计算了在冻结和融化过程地气系统能量交换和地温变化特征, 同时将相同条件下发生冻融作用与不发生冻融作用情况地气系统热交换量进行了比较. 结果表明, 冻融作用使地气系统热交换加强, 同时吸热和放热的过程也发生了改变.  相似文献   

采矿环境地球化学研究   总被引：14，自引：2，他引：14  

余平 《矿产与地质》2002,16(6):360-363

阐述了采矿对环境造成的负面影响 ,包括 :尾矿或废石堆中的杂质元素会进入表生地球化学循环 ,在不同气候条件下 ,呈现不同的特征模式 ,尾矿氧化带的酸性水的排放 ;矿山污染源对周围土壤和植物的影响使重金属元素等进入食物链 ,对人类和动物健康造成威胁。根据国内外的最新研究动向 ,指出建立环境地球化学模式 ,对采矿环境污染作出客观的监测和评价 ,能为防止污染和治理环境提供可靠的地球化学依据。  相似文献   

机械研磨对平鲁煤系高岭石热行为的影响     

丁述理  彭苏萍  刘钦甫  许红亮 《煤田地质与勘探》2002,30(6):16-18

对煤系高岭石进行0-2h的研磨之后，再在900℃、1000℃、1400℃的温度条件下分别对其加热1h，然后利用X射线衍射（XRD）、差热分析（DTA）、红外光谱（IR）等手段，研究机械研磨对于煤系高岭石晶体结构的破坏作用以及对其热行为的影响。结果显示，煤系高岭石被研磨1h之后，高岭石的晶体结构几乎全部跨塌。把研磨1h的煤系高岭石加热到1000℃（加热1h），便能形成结晶良好的莫来石。  相似文献   

High-T, low-P metamorphism in the Palaeoproterozoic Halls Creek Orogen, northern Australia: the middle crustal response to a mantle-related transient thermal pulse   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

S. Bodorkos  M. Sandiford  N. H. S. Oliver  P. A. Cawood 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2002,20(2):217-237

High‐T, low‐P metamorphic rocks of the Palaeoproterozoic central Halls Creek Orogen in northern Australia are characterised by low radiogenic heat production, high upper crustal thermal gradients (locally exceeding 40 °C km^?1) sustained for over 30 Myr, and a large number of layered mafic‐ultramafic intrusions with mantle‐related geochemical signatures. In order to account for this combination of geological and thermal characteristics, we model the middle crustal response to a transient mantle‐related heat pulse resulting from a temporary reduction in the thickness of the mantle lithosphere. This mechanism has the potential to raise mid‐crustal temperatures by 150–400 °C within 10–20 Myr following initiation of the mantle temperature anomaly, via conductive dissipation through the crust. The magnitude and timing of maximum temperatures attained depend strongly on the proximity, duration and lateral extent of the thermal anomaly in the mantle lithosphere, and decrease sharply in response to anomalies that are seated deeper than 50–60 km, maintained for <5 Myr in duration and/or have half‐widths <100 km. Maximum temperatures are also intimately linked to the thermal properties of the model crust, primarily due to their influence on the steady‐state (background) thermal gradient. The amplitudes of temperature increases in the crust are principally a function of depth, and are broadly independent of crustal thermal parameters. Mid‐crustal felsic and mafic plutonism is a predictable consequence of perturbed thermal regimes in the mantle and the lowermost crust, and the advection of voluminous magmas has the potential to raise temperatures in the middle crust very quickly. Although pluton‐related thermal signatures significantly dissipate within <10 Myr (even for very large, high‐temperature intrusive bodies), the interaction of pluton‐ and mantle‐related thermal effects has the potential to maintain host rock temperatures in excess of 400–450 °C for up to 30 Myr in some parts of the mid‐crust. The numerical models presented here support the notion that transient mantle‐related heat sources have the capacity to contribute significantly to the thermal budget of metamorphism in high‐T, low‐P metamorphic belts, especially in those characterised by low surface heat flow, very high peak metamorphic geothermal gradients and abundant mafic intrusions.  相似文献   

Hydrogeochemistry of the Simav geothermal field, western Anatolia, Turkey     

Ünsal Gemici  Gültekin Tarcan 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》2002,116(3-4)

Thermal waters hosted by Menderes metamorphic rocks emerge along fault lineaments in the Simav geothermal area. Thermal springs and drilled wells are located in the Eynal, Çitgöl and Na a locations, which are part of the Simav geothermal field. Studies were carried out to obtain the main chemical and physical characteristics of thermal waters. These waters are used for heating of residences and greenhouses and for balneological purposes. Bottom temperatures of the drilled wells reach 163°C with total dissolved solids around 2225 mg/kg. Surface temperatures of thermal springs vary between 51°C and 90°C. All the thermal waters belong to Na–HCO₃–SO₄ facies. The cold groundwaters are Ca–Mg–HCO₃ type. Dissolution of host rock and ion-exchange reactions in the reservoir of the geothermal system shift the Ca–Mg–HCO₃ type cold groundwaters to the Na–HCO₃–SO₄ type thermal waters. Thermal waters are oversaturated at discharge temperatures for aragonite, calcite, quartz, chalcedony, magnesite and dolomite minerals giving rise to a carbonate-rich scale. Gypsum and anhydrite minerals are undersaturated with all of the thermal waters. Boiling during ascent of the thermal fluids produces steam and liquid waters resulting in an increase of the concentrations of the constituents in discharge waters. Steam fraction, y, of the thermal waters of which temperatures are above 100°C is between 0.075 and 0.119. Reservoir pH is much lower than pH measured in the liquid phase separated at atmospheric conditions, since the latter experienced heavy loss of acid gases, mainly CO₂. Assessment of the various empirical chemical geothermometers and geochemical modelling suggest that reservoir temperatures vary between 175°C and 200°C.  相似文献   

Chemical equilibria of thermal waters for the application of geothermometers from the Guanzhong basin, China     

Zheng Xilai  Halldor Armannsson  Li Yongle  Qiu Hanxue 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》2002,113(1-2)

In this study, representative samples from thermal wells and springs were chemically analyzed and geothermometers were used to calculate the deep temperatures of geothermal reservoirs on the basis of water–mineral equilibrium. In some cases, however, the chemical components are not in equilibrium with the minerals in the reservoir. Therefore, log(Q/K) diagrams are used to study the chemical equilibrium for the minerals that are likely to participate. The Na–K–Mg triangular diagram is also applied to evaluate the equilibrium of water with reservoir rocks. Standard curves at the reference temperatures are prepared to reveal which type of silica geothermometer is appropriate for the specified condition. This study shows that water samples from geothermal wells W9 and W12 are in equilibrium with the selective minerals, and chalcedony may control the fluid–silica equilibrium. It is estimated that there is an exploitable low-temperature reservoir with possible temperatures of 80–90°C in the Guanzhong basin.  相似文献   

河北省缺水状况、问题及对策     

郑连生  穆仲义  马大明 《地理与地理信息科学》2002,18(1):44-49,62

该文阐述河北省水资源由于自产地表水、入境水量减少 ,工农业用水量增加 ,缺水状况日益严重 ,生态环境恶化等问题。并提出加强水资源管理 ,利用经济杠杆 ,促进节水 ,南水北调 ,污水资源化 ,海水淡化等解决河北省水危机的对策措施  相似文献   

滇池农村固体废物和化肥流失治理试验研究   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5  

戴丽  郭慧光  汤承彬  罗丽 《云南地理环境研究》2002,14(2):70-79

怎样合理处置农村固体废物和减少农田化肥流失一直是农村面源污染控制的难题之一。该研究将农村固体废物的处理与减少化肥施用措施有机结合，利用微生物复合发酵剂和农村固体废物生产活性肥料，开展了一系列农业种植试验和数据监测，在此基础上，提出了一套实用性强、效果好的控制农业固体废物和化肥流失污染的对策措施。  相似文献   

Offset on the Main Recent Fault of NW Iran and implications for the late Cenozoic tectonics of the Arabia–Eurasia collision zone     

Morteza Talebian  James Jackson 《Geophysical Journal International》2002,150(2):422-439

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