水利工程对长江荆南三口水系连通功能变化的影响     

李景保  何蒙  吕殿青  于丹丹  杨波 《热带地理》2019,39(1):135-143

为了揭示荆南三口地区水利工程与水系连通功能的定量关系,基于1954、1975、1990、2008和2016年5期的水利工程与水系连通功能的相关数据,运用集对分析和相关分析等方法,定量评价了水利工程对长江荆南三口水系连通功能的影响,结果表明：1）区内外水利工程与多年日均径流保证率、河道断流率、输沙效率的相关系数（R²）均＞0.5,皆达到显著性水平。2）自然功能3个模块的联系主值数基本呈下降趋势,但物质能量传递功能与生态维系功能下降尤为明显。1990年之前物质能量传递与生态维系功能处于一个较好的状态,1990年后这2项功能的等级已下降至“差”;社会功能3个模块的联系主值数的变化各不相同。洪涝防御功能一直处于上升状态,而水资源调配功能和水能与水运资源利用功能都在1954-1990年呈下降趋势,1990年后,水资源调配功能逐渐回升,水能与水运资源利用功能持续下降。3）1954-2008年自然功能等级和综合功能等级都有所下降,直到2016年才稍有回升,但升幅较小,等级较低;社会功能等级在1954-1990年较低,2008年以后回升,且明显高于自然功能等级。  相似文献   

测量教学无人机的设计与应用     

王星捷 《测绘通报》2019,(5):143-147

无人机测量已经融入了测绘行业的方方面面,也是测绘行业发展的重点。由于测量无人机产品昂贵、校园场地限制、维护复杂及飞手训练成本高等原因,无人机测量在教学上一直处于空白阶段。本文重点分析了校园地理环境和电磁干扰等情况,对无人机的飞行平台、航电系统、航摄系统、系统软件进行了研究和分析,设计了教学测量无人机。对航空摄影测量、空三测量等教学测量试验进行了测试,并对测试数据进行了验证分析。本文设计的测量教学无人机在进行1∶2000的空三测量,所测的数据误差符合国家标准;摄影测量获得的航片,通过Pix4D软件的处理生成了点云图、数字表面模型和正射影像图。本文研究有效解决了无人机测量在教学上的应用,为无人机教学测量设备和试验教学的研究提供了技术参考。  相似文献   

Integrated gravity and magnetic study on patterns of petroleum basin occurrence in the China seas and adjacent areas     

Tao He  Wanyin Wang  Zhizhao Bai  Xingang Luo  Jing Ma  Yimi Zhang 《海洋学报(英文版)》2023,42(3):201-214

The China seas and adjacent areas contain numerous petroleum basins. One of the main challenges for future oil and gas exploration is to identify the inherent patterns of petroleum basin distribution. The formation and evolution of petroleum basins along with the migration and accumulation of oil and gas are often closely related to the tectonic environment. The gravity and magnetic fields with high lateral resolution and wide coverage provide important data for regional tectonic research. Based on the gravity data in the Global Satellite Gravity Anomaly Database (V31.1) and magnetic data from the Earth Magnetic Anomaly Grid (2-arc-minute resolution) (V2), this study uses integrated gravity and magnetic field technique to obtain integrated gravity and magnetic field result for the China seas and adjacent areas, and then adopts the normalized vertical derivative of the total horizontal derivative technique to conduct partition. Finally, it identifies the relationship between the partition characteristics and tectonics as well as the patterns of petroleum basin occurrence. The research shows that the partition of gravity and magnetic field integrated result has a good correlation with the Neo-Cathaysian tectonic system and tectonic units. The petroleum basins are characterized according to three blocks arranged from north to south and four zones arranged from east to west. The north?south block structure causes the uneven distribution of oil and gas resources in the mainland area and the differences in the hydrocarbon-bearing strata. Petroleum basins are more abundant in the north than in the south. The ages of the main oil- and gas-bearing strata are “Paleozoic–Mesozoic, Paleozoic–Mesozoic–Cenozoic, and Paleozoic–Mesozoic”, in order from north to south. The difference in the overall type of oil and gas resources in all basins is controlled by the east–west zonation. From east to west, the oil and gas resource type exhibits a wave-like pattern of “oil and gas, gas, oil and gas, gas”. The vertical distribution is characterized by an upper oil (Mesozoic–Cenozoic) and lower gas (Mesozoic–Paleozoic) structure. Within the study area, the Paleozoic marine strata should be the main strata of future natural gas exploration.  相似文献   

利用原子力显微镜与能谱-扫描电镜研究页岩孔隙结构特征     

王坤阳  杜谷 《岩矿测试》2020,39(6):839-846

已有研究表明页岩中纳米孔隙与组成导电膜的金颗粒处在同一量级,使得页岩中纳米孔隙在一定程度上被金颗粒掩埋,导致页岩中纳米孔隙被“二次改造”,从而无法真实观察到页岩中孔隙的形态特征;其次,由于受仪器分辨率、景深等因素的制约,无法观察到孔隙的三维展布特征。因此,如何真实地揭示纳米孔隙的空间结构特征,以及如何有效避免金颗粒对页岩储层中纳米孔隙的“二次改造”一直是微区分析的难点。本文通过扫描电镜（SEM）与原子力显微镜（AFM）方法组合观察到四川盆地龙马溪组黑色页岩中有机孔与无机孔在二维平面的分布存在较强的非均值性,孔径与孔隙的空间延展性呈现明显的正相关关系。有机孔呈蜂窝状分布,孔径主要分布在微米量级0.1~0.4μm,孔隙在三维空间呈现明显的“一体化”特征,具有较好的空间连通性;无机孔主要发育黏土矿物的层间孔隙,孔径主要分布在纳米量级16~57nm,此外见少量的矿物粒内不规则状溶蚀孔。研究认为,页岩中孔隙在二维平面的非均值性导致孔隙、喉道的分布会发生突变,从而影响储层的储集性能;页岩中孔隙在三维空间的非均值性导致页岩储层的渗透率在纵向上出现较大的差异,从而影响储层的物性特征。  相似文献   

Geological characteristics and co-exploration and co-production methods of Upper Permian Longtan coal measure gas in Yangmeishu Syncline,Western Guizhou Province,China     

《China Geology》2020,3(1):38-51

Coal measure gas (also known as coal-bearing unconventional gas) is the key field and development direction of unconventional natural gas in recent years. The exploration and evaluation of coal measure gas (coalbed methane, coal shale gas and coal measure tight sandstone gas) from single coalbed methane has greatly expanded the field and space of resource evaluation, which is of positive significance for realizing the comprehensive utilization of coal resources, maximizing the benefits and promoting the innovation of oil and gas geological theory and technological advances in exploration and development. For the first time, in Yangmeishu Syncline of Western Guizhou Province, the public welfare coalbed methane geological survey project of China Geological Survey has been carried out a systematic geological survey of coal measure gas for the Upper Permian Longtan Formation, identified the geological conditions of coal measure gas and found high quality resources. The total geological resource quantity of coalbed methane and coal shale gas is 51.423×10⁹ m³ and the geological resource abundance is up to 566×10⁹ m³/km². In this area, the coal measures are characterized by many layers of minable coal seams, large total thickness, thin to the medium thickness of the single layer, good gas-bearing property of coal seams and coal measure mudstone and sandstone, good reservoir physical property and high-pressure coefficient. According to the principle of combination of high quality and similarity of key parameters of the coal reservoir, the most favorable intervals are No.5⁻², No.7 and No.13⁻² coal seam in Well YMC1. And the pilot tests are carried out on coal seams and roof silty mudstone, such as staged perforation, increasing hydraulic fracturing scale and “three gas” production. The high and stable industrial gas flow with a daily gas output of more than 4000 m³ has been obtained, which has realized the breakthrough in the geological survey of coal measure gas in Southwest China. Based on the above investigation results, the geological characteristics of coal measure gas in the multi-thin-coal-seam-developed area and the co-exploration and co-production methods, such as the optimization method of favorable intervals, the high-efficiency fracturing and reservoir reconstruction method of coal measures, and the “three gas” drainage and production system, are systematically summarized in this paper. It will provide a reference for efficient exploration and development of coal measure gas in similar geological conditions in China.  相似文献   

四川省生态旅游发展的层次与阶段   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

陈国阶  王青  涂建军 《地理科学》2006,26(2):151-155

生态旅游是一项新的旅游活动、一项新的产业,是社会经济发展到一定阶段的产物。生态旅游的开发是一个循序渐进的过程,产业的发展存在着初级阶段、发展阶段和成熟阶段。结合四川社会经济发展水平和生态旅游资源分布规律,四川生态旅游形式应具有一定的时空特征,表现为时间上的阶段性和空间上的差异性,即在同一时期的不同地区或同一地区的不同发展阶段同时存在三种形式的生态旅游:泛生态旅游、准生态旅游、纯生态旅游。  相似文献   

对中国沿海RBN-DGPS系统升级意见的商榷   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

刘基余 《海洋测绘》2008,28(5):9-12

依据GPS现代化的新近发展,论述了用包括4个民用测距码的三个GPS导航定位信号,船舰只需用一台GPS信号接收机就可以实现精度为±3．66m的在航三维定位测量;同时阐述了用中国的CNSS系统、俄罗斯的GLONAASS系统和欧盟的Galileo系统的三个民用导航定位信号作定位测量,能够用其无电离层效应影响的站星距离,解算出精度为±1m左右的三维位置;而不必要花巨资去升级“中国沿海RBN—DGPS系统”。  相似文献   

机载三线阵影像空中三角测量的关键问题   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

刘军  王冬红  范永弘 《测绘科学》2009,34(6)

对机载三线阵影像空中三角测量中涉及的平差数学模型、GPS/IMU的系统误差补偿、对地面控制点的需求以及构架航线的影响四个关键技术问题进行了理论分析与实验验证。ADS40数据的实验结果表明,GPS/IMU的定位误差是系统性的,并主要表现在坐标基准的不同。通过设计适当的数学模型改正GPS/IMU的系统误差,利用低阶多项式或定向片平差,在极少量地面控制点支持下即可达到1个像素左右的定位精度。构架航线对平差结果的改善作用有限,实际作业中不建议采用。  相似文献   

立体测绘型双翼民用无人机航空摄影系统的实现与应用     

吴云东  张强 《测绘学院学报》2009,(3)

按照领域专用、性价匹配的思想,设计并实现了一套满足小区域大比例尺地形图立体测绘要求的无人机航空摄影系统。该系统以双翼无人机为遥感平台,以数字相机为传感器,配置3轴稳定云台,直接获得数字航空影像,具有自主飞行、低空作业、无需机站支持、起降距离短、滑翔性能好等特点。系统包括双翼无人机、飞行自动控制与安全、CCD数字相机、稳定云台、空地无线通讯、地面站和数据处理等7个子系统。分别介绍了系统的总体结构和各子系统的技术状况;分析和比较了系统的GSD、像点移位、基高比等关键参数在保证成像质量和成图精度方面的合理性;报告和展示了系统在广州新客站、丹江口文物考古测量工程的试验情况和部分成果;最后对系统的改进提出了建议。  相似文献   

陆海统筹视角下国土空间开发适宜性集成评价研究——以浙江嘉兴市为例          下载免费PDF全文

候勃  岳文泽  韦静娴  陈阳 《海洋通报》2022,(4)

在新一轮国土空间规划改革和区域高质量发展战略背景下，全域全要素互动互联的“陆海统筹”理念为沿海地区国土空间开发适宜性评价提供了新思路。本文基于陆、海系统“三类空间”（农业/渔业、城镇/港口、生态）功能和多要素集成评价思维，构建了陆海统筹视角下沿海地区国土空间开发适宜性评价的指标体系，在此基础上，提出“‘三类空间’功能评价—冲突识别—统筹修正”的三步走集成评价方法。嘉兴实证案例结果表明，该集成评价方法可以科学、准确地识别沿海地区陆海空间开发和保护的矛盾区。并通过冲突区域评价结果统筹，确定未来适宜进行建设、生产以及生态保护的陆海空间总规模，实现陆海统筹理念下沿海地区空间开发适宜性评价“一张图”，进而提升沿海地区空间管制的科学性和有序化。  相似文献