OMI-TOMS与OMI-DOAS臭氧柱总量产品在中国地区的比较     

胡玥明  闫欢欢  张兴赢  孟晓阳 《气象》2019,45(3):362-370

臭氧是十分重要的痕量气体,它具有活跃的化学反应特性和较强的辐射特性,直接影响全球气候变化和人类的生活环境,因此,获得准确的臭氧柱浓度信息十分重要。搭载在AURA上的OMI探测仪可以测量大气中的臭氧含量,其获得的臭氧产品有两种,一个是基于TOMS V8算法反演得到的OMI-TOMS产品,另一个是由DOAS算法得到的OMI-DOAS产品。本文首先分析了两种算法产品的统计特征,结果表明两者具有较好的一致性;其次,分别分析了两种算法与像元位置的关系,在不受行异常现象影响的像元处,两种算法均不受像元位置的影响;此外,本文还研究了云和太阳天顶角对两种算法的影响,有云时两者的差异更大,云量在70%时两者的差异最大,而且,当有云存在时,两者的偏差随着太阳天顶角的增加而增加。平流层SO_2和吸收性气溶胶对两种算法没有显著影响。  相似文献   

Warm-Season Diurnal Variations of Total,Stratiform, Convective,and Extreme Hourly Precipitation over Central and Eastern China     

Yongguang ZHENG  Yanduo GONG  Jiong CHEN  Fuyou TIAN 《大气科学进展》2019,36(2):143-159

Diurnal variations in amount, frequency and intensity of warm-season hourly precipitation(HP) at seven levels, which are defined as HP 0.1, 0.5, 1, 5, 10, 20 and 50 mm, are revealed based on no less than 30 years of hourly rain-gauge observations at national stations over central and eastern China(CEC). This study investigates the variations, relationships, differences and similarities of total, stratiform, convective and extreme HP over the entire CEC and various subregions. Results indicate that the variations in the amount and frequency of HP at the seven levels over the entire CEC all display a bimodal feature. For various regions, the variations of total HP mostly feature two peaks, while convective HP mainly occurs in the late afternoon and determines the diurnal variation of total HP intensity. On the basis of the primary peak time periods of HP frequency at all levels over different subregions, the variations can be classified into three main categories: late-afternoon primary peak, nocturnal primary peak, and time-shifting primary peak. However, the variations over some coastal regions like the Liaodong Peninsula, the Shandong Peninsula, and the coastal regions of Guangdong, distinctly differ from those over their corresponding larger regions. Overall, the normalized diurnal variation amplitude of amount and frequency increases with the increasing HP intensity; convective precipitation can be represented by HP 10 mm; and the intensity of HP 50 mm is slightly larger during the nighttime than during the daytime over the entire CEC. In northern China, diurnal variation in HP 5 mm can represent well that in convective precipitation.  相似文献   

FY-3星紫外臭氧总量探测仪(TOU)监测大气臭氧及吸收性气溶胶     

王后茂  王咏梅  王维和  张卓 《气象科学进展》2019,(1):30-36

FY-3卫星上搭载的紫外臭氧总量探测仪(Total Ozone Unit,TOU)是我国首台自主研制的用于全球臭氧总量监测的仪器,自2008年5月至今已有3台仪器搭载在气象卫星(FY-3A/FY-3B/FY-3C)上成功发射并在轨运行。TOU利用紫外波段进行臭氧总量反演,以获得全球臭氧的分布及其变化。2013年,针对我国灰霾、沙尘等气溶胶污染事件频发的环境问题,TOU紫外探测数据被成功用于吸收性气溶胶指数(AAI)的反演,之后TOU被用于我国吸收性气溶胶污染事件的监测,为沙尘、灰霾等的预报提供监测数据。对TOU的数据和产品的质量和应用进行了介绍,包括L1B数据、臭氧总量产品及AAI指数。在此基础上,根据现有仪器的不足,对后续仪器的发展方向进行了阐述。  相似文献   

下辽河平原地下水中挥发性有机物的污染特征及健康风险评价     

李丽君  王海娇  马健生 《岩矿测试》2021,(6):930-943

挥发性有机物（VOCs）作为重要的化工原料、中间体和有机溶剂,随着人类工农业的发展,其对环境及人类健康的影响日益凸显。下辽河平原作为人口较密集、工业化程度较高的平原地区,地下水的污染随着人类活动不断加剧,对人体健康产生了潜在风险。为了研究下辽河平原地下水中VOCs的污染特征及对人体产生的健康风险,本文利用吹扫捕集-气相色谱-质谱法检测下辽河平原地下水样品中60种VOCs的含量及污染特征并分析其污染来源。通过经口饮用、洗浴呼吸吸入、洗浴皮肤接触三种VOCs的暴露途径计算污染物长期摄入量,采用CSOIL模型评价健康风险。结果表明：采集的24组地下水样品中有20个采样点检出VOCs,样品VOCs检出率为83.3%,在个别采样点萘、苯、1,2-二氯丙烷含量超过《地下水质量标准》（GB 14848—2017）Ⅲ类水的限值（100、10.0、5.0μg/L）,工业源VOCs的排放是研究区地下水VOCs超标的主要来源。地下水样品中VOCs的总致癌风险指数在0～4.0×10^-5之间,总非致癌风险指数在0～0.93之间,均低于US EPA推荐的健康风险评价标准;企业用地周边地下水中的健康风险指数高于农业用地地下水。本研究表明下辽河平原地下水中VOCs检出率相对较高,健康风险处于可接受水平,该结果可为地区地下水工业源VOCs污染监管和治理提供参考。  相似文献   

Chronostratigraphic framework and depositional environments in the organic‐rich,mudstone‐dominated Eagle Ford Group,Texas, USA     

《Sedimentology》2018,65(5):1520-1557

Since the beginning of the century, several authors have hypothesized and documented the presence of bottom currents during the deposition of mudstones, including mudstones rich in organic matter, challenging the assumption that persistent low‐energy conditions are necessary prerequisites for deposition of such sediments. More processes responsible for transport and deposition of mudstones mean also more processes acting contemporaneously in different parts of a basin. Without a precise and robust chronostratigraphic framework, however, it is not possible to characterize these differences. The new data reported here provide a profoundly different understanding of the controls on sedimentation in distal continental shelf platforms. To enhance the understanding of the different coeval environments of deposition coexisting in a muddy system, the Upper Cretaceous Eagle Ford Group, deposited on the Comanche carbonate platform, has been investigated by integrating sedimentology, mineralogy, geochemistry and palaeoecology, and creating age models in different physiographic sectors using biostratigraphy and geochronology. Data from two cores and 41 outcrops were analysed with a telescopic approach, from grain scale to basin scale. Nine temporal stages over a ca 8 Myr interval (ca 98 to 90 Ma) were defined in an area that spans 75 000 km². Finally, the different environments of deposition recorded within each of the nine stages were interpreted. The construction of the chronostratigraphic framework also allowed: measuring the duration of a basin‐wide gradational increase in energy in the water column (ca 1 Myr) and a hiatus confined into the shallower water sector (ca 2 Myr); determining the mean eruption frequency of volcanoes (ca 9 kyr); and the time of inundation of the Western Interior Seaway (97·5 to 97·1 Ma). The context, the outcrops–cores–logs correlations, the large data set (Appendix  S1 ), the high‐precision and well‐calibrated constraints represent an unprecedented contribution for future regional facies models of organic‐rich units and for improvements of key aspects in the industry of unconventional resources.  相似文献   

湘南宝山铅锌银矿床硫同位素的地球化学特征及地质意义   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

章勇 《地质与勘探》2018,54(1):82-89

成矿热液的总硫同位素组成(ΣS)可以更加准确地反映成矿流体中硫的来源。本文通过对湖南宝山矿床硫同位素以及总硫同位素的研究发现,金属硫化物样品的δ~(34)S值绝大多数为正值,变化区间为6.40‰~6.91‰,一般为-6.40‰~5.29‰,均值为2.22‰,其中黄铁矿δ~(34)S变化范围为-1‰~4.61‰,均值为2.92‰;方铅矿δ~(34)S变化范围为-0.80‰~1.70‰,均值为0.53‰;闪锌矿δ~(34)S变化范围为1.80‰~4.31‰,均值为2.69‰。具有集中的δ~(34)S值分布以及单一的峰值,表明硫的来源比较单一,具有岩浆硫特点,同位素组成具有δ~(34)S_(黄铁矿)δ~(34)S_(闪锌矿)δ~(34)S方铅矿的特征,证明成矿物质沉淀时基本达到了硫同位素分馏平衡。通过总硫同位素的分析,得出高温与低温两组数据,通过Pinckney图解计算获得中低温阶段的δ~(34)S_(ΣS)为1.28‰,高温阶段的δ~(34)S_(ΣS)为1.68‰。表明成矿流体的硫同位素组成变化很小,仅有0.4‰,且其总硫同位素组成为1.78‰,均显示矿床成矿流体具有地幔硫的特点,表明矿床中的硫可能来自地幔。  相似文献   

REE concentrations in agricultural soil in Sweden and Italy: Comparison of weak MMI® extraction with near total extraction data     

《Applied Geochemistry》2015

Rare Earth Element (REE) concentrations in agricultural soil obtained from the Mobile Metal Ion (MMI^®) weak extraction technique are compared with soil total concentrations (sodium peroxide fusion followed by acid dissolution) for 118 and 174 agricultural soil samples from Italy and Sweden, respectively. Spatial distribution maps and statistics for both analytical techniques are compared between the two national datasets. In spite of similarity of REE concentration in two countries, the median values of REE is higher than Italy but extreme concentration of REE in Italy is due to young volcanic activities. Extractability of REEs is significantly higher in Swedish soils than in Italian soils. Heavy Rare Earth Element (HREE) in Sweden show higher concentrations compared to Italy in MMI^® extraction data where correlate with REE mineralisation. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is used to elucidate correlations and anomalies in the REE distribution. Results show that there is a clear correlation between REE anomalies and natural factors such as lithology of the underlying bedrock, the presence of mineralisations, pH of soils, climate and precipitation. According to the PCA results, anomalous behaviour of Eu, Ce, Tb and Gd can be explained by the dominant mineralogy of the parent material and the variable affinity of REEs to bind to clay minerals and clay-size particles.  相似文献   

贸易距离与“出口企业生产率之谜”——基于贸易方式和所有权的分析     

张胜满  杨筱姝 《地域研究与开发》2015,(2):7-12

在中国的出口部门中,低生产率企业的自发出口行为与异质企业贸易理论不符。以贸易距离作为企业出口成本的代理变量,将所有权结构和贸易方式引入标准的异质企业贸易模型研究该"悖论"。大量"纯出口企业"是造成该悖论的主要原因,该类企业贸易距离低于一般出口企业,且大量存在于加工贸易部门和外资企业。从事加工贸易的企业通常只负责产品的生产、加工或组装,存在事前的销售渠道,而外资企业同样存在事前的销售经历,即这2类企业的出口贸易距离均由于自身的异质性特征而被缩短,在此条件下,出口成为低生产率企业的自发选择。提高企业自主创新能力、加大研发投入是中国加工贸易企业转型的必然途径。  相似文献   

RTK技术与全站仪在金堆城矿山测量中的联合作业     

黄富强 《测绘与空间地理信息》2015,(2):156-158

介绍了RTK技术与全站仪应用的工作原理.使用两者在矿山测量中联合作业,可以充分发挥各自的优点,大大提高了工作效率,为大范围地形测绘工作带来极大便利.  相似文献   

网络RTK技术和传统测量技术结合在数字城管中的应用     

黄建新 《测绘与空间地理信息》2015,(7):76-78

随着经济和社会的不断发展,城市人口不断增多,城市规模不断扩大,城市管理范围越来越广,城市公共部件越来越多,如何获得这些公共部件数据并通过信息化手段进行管理以提高城市管理的效率是城市管理迫切需要解决的问题,本文在分析网络RTK特点的基础上提出了采用网络RTK技术和传统测量技术相结合的方式来获取城市公共部件,一方面可以提高数据采集效率,另一方面也可以保证数据采集的精度。  相似文献