Dredging influenced sediment toxicity of endosulfan and lindane on black tiger shrimp （Penaeus monodon Fabricius） in Chantaburi River estuary in Thailand   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Jayakody Arachchige SUMITH  Preeda PARKPIAN  Napaporn LEADPRATHOM 《国际泥沙研究》2009,24(4):455-464

Series of experiments, including background sediment elutriate, spiked-sediment elutriate and spiked- water toxicity tests, were carried out to study the effect of dredging on survivability and ecological competence of commercially important shrimp postlarvae of Penaeus monodon Fabricius. The test sediment represented the most contaminated from endosulfan and lindane in the Chantaburi river mouth estuary. The maximum sediment contamination levels were 49.4 μg/kg of endosulfan and 58.1 μg/kg of lindane in dry weight basis. Dose-response studies in static, non-renewal spiked-sediment elutriate toxicity tests revealed that LC 50 （96 h） values for survival effect based on measured concentrations were 0.50 （0.26-0.95） μg/L for endosulfan and 0.92 （0.63-1.34） μg/L for lindane. The LOECs for endosulfan and lindane were 0.141 and 0.429 μg/L, respectively. The NOECs were estimated to be the dissoluted endosulfan and lindane concentrations from the Chantaburi estuary sediment. The effects on phenoloxidase enzyme activity in shrimp postlarvae exposed for sub-lethal to lethal doses in sediment elutriate were not significant （p〉0.05） at all tested dose levels. The worst case dissolution concentrations of endosulfan and lindane in the water column upon simulatory dredging in the Chantaburi estuary were found to be toxic to shrimp postlarvae on lethal and sub-lethal effects. The NOECs of respective chemicals （i.e., 0.034 and 0.16 μg/L） shared the same orders of magnitude for corresponding NOECs established for whole salt water aquatic life by the USEPA and ＂safe＂ levels calculated by 0.01 safety factor approach. In addition, the significance of multiple pollutant assessments for ecological toxicity testing is highlighted.  相似文献   

The toxic mechanism of high lethality of herbicide butachlor in marine flatfish flounder, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Paralichthys olivaceus</Emphasis>     

Huarong Guo  Licheng Yin  Shicui Zhang  Wenrong Feng 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2010,9(3):257-264

The toxic mechanism of herbicide butachlor to induce extremely high lethality in marine flatfish flounder, Paralichthys Olivaceus, was analyzed by histopathological examination, antioxidant enzymes activities and ATP content assay. Histopathological examination of gill, liver and kidney of exposed fishes showed that gill was a target organ of butachlor. The butachlor seriously impaired the respiration of gills by a series of lesions such as edema, lifting and detachment of lamellar epithelium, breakdown of pillar cells, and blood congestion. The dysfunction of gill respiration caused suffocation to the exposed flounder with extremely high acute lethality. Antioxidant enzyme activity assay of the in vitro cultured flounder gill(FG)cells exposed to butachlor indicated that butachlor markedly inhibited the antioxidant enzyme activities of Superoxide dismutase(SOD), catalase(CAT)and glutathione peroxidase(GPX). Furthermore, along with the decline of antioxidant enzyme activities, ATP content in the exposed FG cells decreased, too. This infers that the oxidative stress induced by butachlor can inhibit the production of cellular ATP. Similar decrease of ATP content was also observed in the exposed flounder gill tissues. Taken together, as in FG cells, butachlor possibly induced a short supply of ATP in pillar cells by inhibiting the antioxidant enzyme activities and then affecting the contractibility of the pillar cells, which in turn resulted in the blood congestion and suffocation of exposed flounder.  相似文献   

余氯对大亚湾海区平鲷和黑鲷幼鱼的毒性研究   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

黄洪辉  张穗  陈浩如  王肇鼎 《热带海洋学报》1999,(3)

用含游离余氯、化合余氯的海水分别对大亚湾平鲷Rhabdosargussarba、黑鲷Sparusmacrocephalus浸毒处理30min和60min。结果表明,两种形态余氛对色的耗氧率有明显抑制作用,游离余氯对平鲷、黑鲷的48hLC50分别为0．19和0．18mg·L－1,48hLC1分别为0．07和0.06mg·L－1;化合余氯的48hLC50分别为0.56和0．60mg·L－1,48hLC1分别为0．21和0．24mg·L-1。游离余氯的毒性大约是化合余筑的6倍。游离余氯、化合余氯安全阈限估算值分别为0．09和0．28mg·L－1,稍高于48hLC1。  相似文献   

Toxicity identification in metal plating effluent: implications in establishing effluent discharge limits using bioassays in Korea   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Kim E  Jun YR  Jo HJ  Shim SB  Jung J 《Marine pollution bulletin》2008,57(6-12):637-644

Because of complexity and diversity of toxicants in effluent, chemical analysis alone gives very limited information on identifying toxic chemicals to test organisms. Toxicity identification evaluation (TIE) techniques have been widely used to identify toxicants in various samples including industrial wastewater as well as natural waters. In response to new regulation for effluent discharge in Korea, which will be effective from 2011, a necessity of studies emerges that investigates toxicity levels in industrial effluents. This work was a preliminary study examining toxicity levels in effluent from one metal plating factory using Daphnia magna (48 h immobility) and identifying toxicity-causing substances. Toxicity tests showed variability on different sampling occasions and the results of TIE methods indicated that both organic compounds and metals contributed to the observed toxicity in metal plating effluent. Further studies are necessary to help reduce effluent toxicity especially from direct dischargers, who will have to comply with the new regulation.  相似文献   

Synergistic toxic effects of zinc pyrithione and copper to three marine species: Implications on setting appropriate water quality criteria     

Bao VW  Leung KM  Kwok KW  Zhang AQ  Lui GC 《Marine pollution bulletin》2008,57(6-12):616-623

Zinc pyrithione (ZnPT) is widely applied in conjunction with copper (Cu) in antifouling paints as a substitute for tributyltin. The combined effects of ZnPT and Cu on marine organisms, however, have not been fully investigated. This study examined the toxicities of ZnPT alone and in combination with Cu to the diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana, polychaete larvae Hydroides elegans and amphipod Elasmopus rapax. Importantly, ZnPT and Cu resulted in a strong synergistic effect with isobologram interaction parameter lambda>1 for all test species. The combined toxicity of ZnPT and Cu was successfully modelled using the non-parametric response surface and its contour. Such synergistic effects may be partly due to the formation of copper pyrithione. It is, therefore, inadequate to assess the ecological risk of ZnPT to marine organisms solely based on the toxicity data generated from the biocide alone. To better protect precious marine resources, it is advocated to develop appropriate water quality criteria for ZnPT with the consideration of its compelling synergistic effects with Cu at environmentally realistic concentrations.  相似文献   

A general integrated ecotoxicological method for marine sediment quality assessment: application to sediments from littoral ecosystems on Southern Spain's Atlantic coast     

Usero J  Morillo J  El Bakouri H 《Marine pollution bulletin》2008,56(12):2027-2036

In the last few decades, several integrated methods for marine sediment quality evaluation have been developed and applied to many coastal sites. This paper describes the development of a general integrated method based on the determination of organic and inorganic sediment contamination, lethal and sublethal toxicity assessments, in situ benthonic community structure alteration and bioaccumulation of contaminants. The proposed method was applied to sediments from Southern Spain's Atlantic coast where six rivers (Guadiana, Carreras, Piedras, Tinto, Odiel and Guadalquivir) drain pollutants from various anthropogenic sources. A series of experiments was conducted to determine the characteristics of the sediments: granulometry, organic matter content, etc. (1); metal contamination of sediments and Chamelea gallina (bivalves widely distributed in the area studied) (2); lethal and sublethal toxicity by a series of biological tests (3); and macrofauna distribution at the 16 stations included in the study (4). Ratio-to-reference values (RTR) calculated for each parameter were used to determine the organic and inorganic contamination indices, the lethal and sublethal toxicity indices, the index of bioavailability of metals in the organisms analyzed and the macrobenthic alteration index. The data were plotted on six-axis plots to describe better the relations between the physical, chemical and biological properties studied. A general integrated sediment quality index (ISQI) was determined and used as an indicator of pollution-induced degradation. The ISQI values summarize the main characteristics of the environmental situation at each sampling point and can be used for purposes of comparison.  相似文献   

Determination of EC50 Values for Cu,Zn, and Cr on Microorganisms Activity in a Mediterranean Sandy Soil     

Vicen Carabassa  Xavier Domene  Oriol Ortiz  Evan A. N. Marks  Josep M. Alcaiz 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2019,47(12)

Ecotoxicity of three potentially toxic metals (PTM) (Cu, Zn, and Cr) in a slightly acidic sandy soil is tested using the soil respiration test (OECD‐217) in order to determine EC₅₀ values for the carbon transformation activity of microorganisms. Addition of an organic amendment of Populus leaves is also crossed with metal spiking in order to investigate possible interaction with metal toxicity. Soil respiration is measured at day 1 and 28 after the soil spiking with the PTM to assess short‐term effects on soil microbial activity. Of the three metals tested, Cu shows the highest toxicity at the longest exposure times (day 28) and Zn shows a strong inhibitory effect in the short‐term (day 1), even though later toxicity diminish significantly. Cr is the least toxic studied PTM. Organic amendment outweighs any adverse effects of these metals, increasing soil respiration, even in the treatments with high doses of metals.  相似文献   

Comparative toxic effects of copper-based nanoparticles and their microparticles in Daphnia magna by using natural freshwater media     

Francisca Arratia  Pamela Olivares-Ferretti  Alba García-Rodríguez  Ricard Marcos 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2019,53(3):460-469

Copper-based nanoparticles (NPs) are being widely used in different application fields and their health impacts to aquatic environments represent a current concern. Few studies are available about their comparative toxicity with their bulks and ions under natural exposition in aquatic organisms. Thus, the toxicity of Cu and CuO NPs and their microparticle and ionic forms was assayed in the acute immobilisation test of Daphnia magna by using freshwater media. Electronic microscopy, laser doppler velocimetry, and dynamic laser scattering methodologies were used to NPs characterisation. The results indicated that CuNPs and CuONPs were more toxic than their microparticles. Among NPs, CuNPs showed higher toxicity than CuONPs. Copper-based nanoparticles showed similar hydrodynamic particle size and were agglomerated in culture media, suggesting toxic-ionic release relationship and corroborated by the high toxicity induced by CuSO₄. Additionally, water chemistry of natural freshwater used in the experiments also favoured the ion release of these NPs.  相似文献   

致病溶藻弧菌脂多糖对点带石斑鱼毒性和免疫原性的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

徐先栋  谢珍玉  王世锋  宣雄智  周永灿 《海洋科学》2010,34(3):47-51

以热酚水抽提法提取致病溶藻弧菌(Vibrio alginolyticus)粗脂多糖(Lipopolysaccharides,LPS),并将不同浓度的溶藻弧菌粗LPS通过腹腔注射法接种点带石斑鱼(Epinephelus coioides),研究该LPS对点带石斑鱼毒性和免疫原性的影响,并同弱致病溶藻弧菌粗LPS及高纯度大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)LPS对石斑鱼的刺激效果进行比较。结果表明:溶藻弧菌致病株和弱致病株粗LPS均对石斑鱼具有比较强的毒性,溶藻弧菌LPS对石斑鱼的免疫原性随LPS浓度的增高而增强,高纯度大肠杆菌LPS对石斑鱼的免疫原性效果要优于溶藻弧菌粗LPS。  相似文献   

Brine-induced mortality of non-indigenous invertebrates in residual ballast water     

Johanna N. Bradie  Sarah A. Bailey  Gerard van der Velde  Hugh J. MacIsaac   《Marine environmental research》2010,70(5):395-401

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