Architecture and recognition criteria of ancient shelf ridges; an example from Campanian Almond Formation in Hanna Basin,USA          下载免费PDF全文

Julio Leva López  Valentina Marzia Rossi  Cornel Olariu  Ronald J. Steel 《Sedimentology》2016,63(6):1651-1676

Shelf ridges are sedimentary bodies formed on the continental shelf due to transgressive reworking (tidal or storm) of lowstand deposits. Common on modern shelves, they are under‐represented in the geological record due to a lack of recognition criteria and facies model. This article proposes a new facies and architectural model for shelf ridges, linked to their inception–evolution–abandonment cycle and the process regime of the basin. The model is mainly based on new outcrop data and interpretations from three sandstone bodies of the Almond Formation, an overall transgressive interval during the infill of the Campanian Western Interior Seaway. Building from the case study, and ancient and modern examples, six characteristics are proposed for the recognition of ancient shelf ridges. Shelf ridges: (i) are encased between thick marine mudstone intervals; (ii) have a basal unconformity that erodes into marine muds or into the remnants of a previous shoreline; (iii) have a non‐erosional upper boundary that transitions into marine muds; (iv) are characterized by clean and well‐sorted sandstones, often cross‐bedded; (v) contain fully marine ichnofauna; and (vi) present compound architectures with large accretion surfaces and lower order structures. Although shelf ridges have been described in previous studies as generated exclusively by either tidal or storm currents, it is clear, from modern examples and the case study, that these two processes can be recorded and preserved in a single shelf ridge. The stratigraphy of these sandstone bodies is therefore much more complex than previously recognized, bearing the signature of changing tidal and storm intensity through time. Because they are developed during transgressions, shelf ridges are commonly subject to strong changes in process regime as sea‐level changes can easily affect the oceanographic conditions and the morphology of the basin. For this reason, shelf ridges can provide the best record of shelf process variability during transgressions.  相似文献   

中国近海早第三纪海侵层序及地层对比   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

彭世福 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》1992,(1)

中国近海各盆地,据古生物群及沉积特征,在早古新世为陆相沉积,至中晚古新世时为第Ⅰ海侵期。早始新世时为海退期,至中晚始新世为第Ⅱ海侵期。早、中渐新世时为海退期,晚渐新世为第Ⅲ海侵期。在论证地层时代时结合海侵的划分,提出新的见解。海相夹层可作为地层对比的重要标志层。  相似文献   

东海陆架冰后期潮流沙脊地貌与内部结构特征   总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14  

印萍 《海洋科学进展》2003,21(2):181-187

东海陆架以宽平的地形、充分的陆源沉积物供应、快速沉降和强动力场为特征，中外陆架发育大规模潮流沙脊地貌。潮流沙脊走向大致为NW—SE向分布，与区域潮流主方向一致或成较小交角。东海陆架冰后期潮流沙脊以不对称横剖面为特征，陡坡倾向SW。沙脊内部发育典型的高角度前积斜层理，倾向与沙脊横剖面陡坡方向一致。这些斜层理可以划分为高达4组不同特征的组合，分别代表潮流沙脊发育的不同阶段，对应于冰后期海平面上升的不同时期。东海陆架潮流沙脊主体形成于冰后期海侵阶段，目前仍然受到陆架潮流场的影响，沙脊顶部为再沉积活动层。  相似文献   

New insights into the Quaternary evolution of the Bristol Channel,UK     

《第四纪科学杂志》2017,32(5):564-578

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The age and formation mechanisms of Late Triassic fissure deposits,Gloucestershire, England: Comments on Mussini,G. et al. (2020). Anatomy of a Late Triassic Bristol fissure: Tytherington fissure 2     

Gordon M. Walkden  Nicholas C. Fraser  Michael J. Simms 《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》2021,132(1):127-137

In the Late Triassic the landscape NE of present-day Bristol, SW England was dominated by Carboniferous Limestone ridges and cuestas that became progressively buried by continental Mercia Mudstones and finally inundated during the Rhaetian marine transgression. Mussini et al. (2020) adopt the assertions of earlier collaborators back to Whiteside and Marshall (2008) that terrestrial vertebrate assemblages from sediments contained within karstic fissure systems in the former limestone ridges at Cromhall, Tytherington and elsewhere are restricted to the Rhaetian. We review and reject the sedimentological, stratigraphic, geomorphological and topographic arguments for this and reassert a long pre-Rhaetian (Norian) history for the vertebrate-bearing fissure systems at both Tytherington and Cromhall. We also reject the contemporaneous Rhaetian freshwater-seawater mixing zone dissolution model for the fissure systems adopted by Mussini et al. (2020) and reaffirm that the Tytherington and Cromhall fissures developed as conduit caves with a long Triassic history. Applying a new regional study of the Rhaetian transgressive surface, we also show that whilst the fissures at Cromhall remained sealed after the Norian, those at nearby Tytherington were re-exposed in the Late Rhaetian. Already partially filled with Norian sediments, the Tytherington fissures were subject to reworking on the seabed. Internal collapses, probably triggered by well documented repeated regional seismicity, led to the chaotic state of the Tytherington fills when downward moving Rhaetian marine components came to lie amongst and mix with earlier Norian terrestrial sediments. The vertebrate associations in the Tytherington fissures therefore contain a substantial Rhaetian input whilst those at Cromhall do not.  相似文献   

The incised valley of Baffin Bay,Texas: a tale of two climates     

ALEXANDER R. SIMMS  NIRANJAN ARYAL  LAUREN MILLER  YUSUKE YOKOYAMA 《Sedimentology》2010,57(2):642-669

Baffin Bay, Texas is the flooded Last Glacial Maximum incised valley of the Los Olmos, San Fernando and Petronila Creeks along the north‐western Gulf of Mexico. Cores up to 17 m in length and high‐resolution seismic profiles were used to study the history of Baffin Bay over the last 10 kyr and to document the unusual depositional environments within the valley fill. The deposits of the Baffin Bay incised valley record two major and two minor events. Around 8·0 ka, the estuarine environments backstepped more than 15 km in response to an increase in the rate of sea‐level rise. Around 5·5 ka, these estuarine environments changed from environments similar to other estuaries of the northern Gulf of Mexico to the unusual suite of environments found today. Another minor flooding event occurred around 4·8 ka in which several internal spits were flooded. Some time after 4·0 ka, the upper‐bay mud‐flats experienced a progradational event. Because of its semi‐arid climate and isolation from the Gulf of Mexico, five depositional environments not found in the other incised‐valley fills of the northern Gulf of Mexico are found today within Baffin Bay. These deposits include well‐laminated carbonate and siliciclastic open‐bay muds, ooid beaches, shelly internal spits and barrier islands, serpulid worm‐tube reefs and prograding upper‐bay mud‐flats. Based on these unusual deposits, and other characteristics of Baffin Bay, five criteria are suggested to help identify incised valleys that filled in arid and semi‐arid climates. These criteria include the presence of: (i) hypersaline‐tolerant fauna; (ii) aeolian deposits; and (iii) carbonate and/or evaporite deposits; and the absence of: (iv) peat or other organic‐rich deposits in the upper bay and bay‐margin areas; and (v) well‐developed fluvially dominated bayhead deltas.  相似文献   

中扬子西部下志留统生物礁特征及其油气地质意义     

刘安  王传尚  陈孝红  李旭兵  张保民  曾雄伟 《华南地质与矿产》2010,(4):66-71

中扬子西部下志留统灰岩、生物礁的分布与奥陶纪-志留纪之交"崇余运动"形成的NE向分布的古隆起相关,沿着鄂西利川-重庆石柱-南川一线,在早志留世小河坝期发育大型水下古隆起,小河坝中期(相当turriculatus带底部)发生区域性海侵,有利于钙质沉积,在鄂西宣恩高罗等古隆起的边缘发育生物礁。高罗生物礁是在陆棚相泥质条带灰岩礁基之上发育的一套以珊瑚和层孔虫为造架生物的生物礁,主要出露礁核的背风面沉积,造架生物间充填含大量藻类的泥岩,指示较深水、宁静的沉积环境。中扬子地区下志留统生物礁是除小河坝砂岩体之外重要的储层类型。  相似文献   

黑龙江东部盆地群白垩纪海侵存在的矿物学证据及其意义     

曹洁  张永生  宋天锐  王俊涛 《地质通报》2010,29(7):1024-1030

前人研究所获得的海相化石证据表明,中国黑龙江东部早白垩世早期曾发生多次规模不等的海侵,多层厚度不等的海相夹层赋存于下白垩统中。对研究区白垩纪砂岩中的海绿石、独居石、莓状黄铁矿等自生矿物的显微特征、扫描电镜背散射特征和化学特征进行分析,结果证实,这些特征均与典型海侵相的特征接近,说明不仅含海相化石的层位系海侵成因,含这些自生矿物的砂岩、粉砂岩的层位也受到海侵的影响,从而为黑龙江省东部盆地在白垩纪发生过海侵提供矿物学的依据。  相似文献   

太湖平原西北部第四纪海侵   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

蒋梦林  刘志平 《江苏地质》2001,25(2):78-81

通过对武进漕桥和金坛水北等地钻孔及剖面样品中古生物组合分析，结合岩性、古气候、古地磁等综合研究，证实太湖平原西北部第四纪以来曾发生过三次较大规模的海侵，即晚更新世早期的太湖海侵、晚更新世晚期的Ge湖海侵和全新世的镇江海侵。  相似文献   

张家界地区中晚寒武世岩相古地理特征     

马宏彬  杨绍祥 《湖南地质》2001,20(2):92-97

张家界地区中晚寒武世岩相带3分格局明显，自NW向SE依次为台地相、台缘斜坡相和陆棚相。3相区之间分别以花坦－张家界、古丈－张家界深大断裂为界。台地相欧孔王溪组属邻近盆缘陡坡地带类似于深水陆棚沉积，重力沉积发育；娄山关组北西小区记录了由台地边缘浅滩→局限台地潮坪→台地边缘浅滩的变迁过程；而东南小区则属台地边缘与斜坡的过渡地带。台缘斜坡相区敖溪组反映了缓慢的海退过程，沉积环境由陆棚向陆棚内缘带变迁；车夫组属台地前缘斜坡带，重力沉积转化为蚀流沉积；比条组为背景沉积综合产物，反映了台地前缘斜坡上带环境，陆棚相区探溪组旋回性明显。反映了陆棚内缘沉积特点；田家坪属台缘斜坡下带－陆棚内缘环境，沉积了一套多具鲍玛层序的远源风暴岩。各自有其岩石类型组合特征及沉积构造特征，并讨论了岩相古地一的演化规律。  相似文献