“96·8”华北暴雨数值模拟与稳定性分析   总被引：3，自引：3，他引：3  

边清河  丁治英  董金虎 《气象》2006,32(8):17-22

分析1996年8月发生在华北地区的台风暴雨过程的环流形势，发现：副热带高压与台风低压之间的气压梯度很大，宽广的偏南急流源源不断地向北输送水汽和能量，而太行山一带正处于汇合区，构成十分有利的暴雨天气形势。应用MM5数值预报方法对1996年8月4—5日的降雨天气过程进行数值模拟，并依据天气学原理和位涡理论对此过程的稳定性进行分析认为：（1）MM5数值预报模式较好地模拟出了台风暴雨的物理过程。（2）此次降雨的不稳定层结有南高北低现象，同时有对称不稳定和对流不稳定存在；条件性对称不稳定可使环流加速，对降水有一定的增幅作用。  相似文献   

登陆台风短时定量降水预报方法初探   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2  

岳彩军  陈佩燕  雷小途  杨玉华 《气象科技》2006,34(1):7-11

利用登陆台风的GMS-5 IR1 TBB资料及地面自动站逐时雨量资料,初步建立了适用于登陆台风的定量降水估计(QPE)方法,基于QPE结果,采用外推法,初步实现了对登陆台风未来0~3 h的短时定量降水预报(QPF)。应用于0104号登陆台风“尤特”和0414号登陆台风“云娜”两个例表明:对单站逐小时雨量定量预报而言,如果50%相对误差可以接受,01、、23、h的QPF准确率分别达20%~70%、30%~80%、30%~70%、20%~60%;对于单站过程雨量定量预报而言,如果50%相对误差可以接受,0、1、2、3 h的QPF准确率基本都达60%~80%;对未来0~3 h的面雨量也具有一定定量预报能力。0~3 h QPF结果对实际短时登陆台风降水业务预报工作具有一定的参考价值。  相似文献   

非地转湿Q矢量在台风“云娜”暴雨过程中的分析应用   总被引：10，自引：3，他引：10  

颜琼丹  蔡亲波 《热带气象学报》2006,22(5):505-509

应用非地转湿Q矢量理论,对2004年8月12-15日台风“云娜”登陆后造成的大范围持续暴雨过程进行诊断分析。结果表明,非地转湿Q矢量能比较清楚地揭示台风暴雨的演变过程,非地转湿Q矢量的散度负值区和流场辐合区与未来12小时的强降水落区有较好的对应关系；非地转湿Q矢量的散度的垂直分布能够反映台风外围对流发展的深度,对判断台风在陆地上的维持有一定的意义。  相似文献   

一次台风前部龙卷的多普勒天气雷达分析   总被引：12，自引：3，他引：12       下载免费PDF全文

何彩芬姚秀萍  胡春蕾全彩峰 《应用气象学报》2006,17(3):370-375

通过分析2004年8月25日发生在浙江省宁波市的一次台风前部龙卷发生发展的环境特征, 发现该龙卷发生在台风前部风切变区里, 尽管当时涡度、散度等物理量对于深对流发展不是非常有利, 但下湿中干、强的垂直风切变及地形条件等还是有利于局地弱龙卷的产生; 在宁波新一代天气雷达产品上表现为强的钩状回波, 速度场上有相邻的正负速度中心及强的组合切变值等。通过多个反射率产品、剖面产品等综合分析了该风暴的三维结构, 初步了解此类弱龙卷的发生机理, 为以后的预报提供一些经验。  相似文献   

0302号(鲸鱼)台风降水和水粒子空间分布的三维结构特征   总被引：5，自引：8，他引：5  

何会中  程明虎  周凤仙 《大气科学》2006,30(3):491-503

由于缺乏关于台风结构信息的高分辨率资料,即探测台风云系内部结构特征的技术限制,造成了进一步理解台风的动力传送特征的困难.作者用热带测雨卫星(TRMM,Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission)的测雨雷达(PR,Precipitation Radar)和TRMM微波图像仪(TMI,TRMM Microwave Imager)资料详细研究了"鲸鱼"台风(0302号)于2003年4月16日1105 UTC的降水和降水云系中各种水粒子的三维结构特征.通过分析发现该时刻:(1)台风降水中大部分区域为层性降水(占总降水面积的85.5%),对流性降水占总降水面积的13.1%,但对流性降水的贡献却达到41.8%,所以,虽然对流性降水所占面积比例很少,但是它对总降水量的贡献却很大.(2)60%降水主要集中在距离台风中心100 km以内的区域,约占总降水量的60%.(3)各种水粒子含量随着与台风中心距离的增加而减少.降水云系中水粒子最大含量出现高度与水粒子的种类和与台风中心的距离有关.最后,分析了台风降水和降水云系中三维分布的成因.  相似文献   

RELATION BETWEEN SUMMER TYPHOON FREQUENCY ANOMALIES IN WEST PACIFIC AND ENSO EVENTS AND THE ANOMALOUS ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION CHARACTERISTICS     

周学鸣  魏应植  吴陈锋 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2006,12(1):16-23

By using data of serially numbered typhoons in northwestern Pacific and NOAA OLR data and NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data of wind field, based on the statistics and study of the relationship between the calendar years with more (or fewer) summer typhoons and ENSO events, we compared the composites of OLR eigenvectors and tropical summer wind fields during El Nino and La Nina events with more or fewer than normal summer typhoons, respectively. The results show that, in summer, without remarkable systematic anomalies of Mascarene High and Australia High in South Hemisphere, the anomaly of Walker circulation will dominate and follow the rule of ENSO impacts to atmospheric circulation and typhoon frequency. Otherwise, when systematic anomalies of Australia High appear during the El Nino events, circulation anomalies in the South Hemisphere will dominate, and many more typhoons will occur. In 1999, which is a special year of La Nina events, northward and eastward monsoon was induced by the stronger Mascarene High, and fewer typhoons arose. The typhoon source are regions where weak vertical wind shear, warm pool in western Pacific and the area with monsoon troughs are overlapping with each other. Finally, this paper analyzes and compares the source locations and ranges of more (fewer) typhoons in the events of El Nino and La Nina, respectively.  相似文献   

APPLICATION OF BDA SCHEME IN TYPHOON TRACK PREDICTION     

张根生  费建芳  黄小刚  卢龙 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2006,12(2):179-185

The MM5, which is the PSU/NCAR mesoscale nonhydrostatic limited-area model, and its adjoining modeling system are used in this paper. Taking T106 analysis data as background field the authors generate an optimal initial condition of a typhoon by using two bogus data assimilation schemes, and conduct some numerical simulating experiments. The results of No.9608 typhoon (Gloria) show that the optimal initial field have some dramatic improvements, such as inaccurate position of typhoon center, weaker typhoon circulation and incomplete inner structure of the typhoon, which are caused by shortage of data over the sea. Some improvements have been made in the track forecast. Through several comparing experiments, the initialization optimized by BDA scheme is found to be more reasonable than GFDL scheme and its typhoon track forecast is better.  相似文献   

近10a西北太平洋海域登陆台风的环境场特征分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

苏丽欣  黄茂栋  黄晴晴  张晨辉 《气象研究与应用》2007,28(4):11-13

对1995~2004年5~10月西北太平洋海域登陆台风的大尺度环境场的特征进行了分析。结果表明:海表温度(SST)在台风发生的区域要高于周围其它区域,而且都在26.5℃以上,即高的海表温度有利于台风的发展;在台风的发现点主要集中的区域范围,相对涡度几乎都为正值,正的相对涡度有利于台风的发展;对流层中层相对湿度大,有利于上升浮力和潜热释放的维持,使热带气旋得以发展;弱的环境风垂直切变有利于台风强度的增大,并且两者之间的影响存在着一定的时间滞后。  相似文献   

日本数值预报产品在MM5模式中的应用     

张建海  张广周 《河南气象》2007,(4)

针对目前中尺度数值模式MM5所用初始场局限于NCEP和T213的现状,提出了应用日本数值预报产品(JMA,下同)格点资料做初始场的想法,并对试验过程进行了介绍。对台风Ranan im(0414)登陆浙江的路径、移速、强度和降水等方面的数值模拟结果表明,应用了JMA资料的MM5模式在原有基础上提高了预报精度,尤其在台风登陆时间和登陆地点上提高更为明显。  相似文献   

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE INTENSITY AND DISTRIBUTION OF HEAVY RAINS IN ZHEJIANG PROVINCE CAUSED BY TYPHOONS HAITANG AND MATSA     

张建海  诸晓明  王丽华 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2007,13(2):141-144

Study was carried out on two landfall typhoons Haitang and Matsa, which affected Zhejiang province seriously in 2005. Firstly, the similarity and difference between the two typhoon-induced heavy rains were compared and it was pointed out that both of them brought strong large-scale precipitation and the maximum centers of rainfall were located on the north side of the landfall site. Making landfall on Fujian, Haitang was weaker than Matsa in intensity but surpassed it in rainfall. Then with focus on intensity, moving speed, structure of typhoon, circulation and terrain, the two typhoon-related heavy rains were compared and analyzed. Results show that the asymmetrical distribution of rainfall was closely related to the structure of typhoons themselves, moisture transportation and mesoscale terrain. In contrast to the south side, the north side was hotter and wetter and water vapor was also more abundant. The phenomenon of more rainfall induced by Haitang was in connection with the following reasons. Invading cold air led to rainfall increases, weakened dynamic field and slower movement both benefited precipitation. For the last part, the cold characteristic of air mass over Zhejiang was also a favorable factor for the rain.  相似文献