台风海面风场动力诊断模式的建立与模拟计算     

宋德海  鲍献文  王勇智 《台湾海峡》2009,28(3):321-330

本文总结和归纳了已有的台风海面风场模式,按照风场模式物理背景的不同进行了分类．在此基础上,本文选择并建立了一种新的台风海面风场动力诊断模式．首先,利用台风影响范围内某条具有代表性的闭合等压线的拟合方程表示出台风海面气压场,并利用改进的气压场模式和修正的梯度风方程求得台风系统风场,同时还利用宫崎正卫的热带气旋合成风假设建立移行台风风场．然后将两者作权重订正后进行迭加,即得到台风模型风场．该模式考虑了包括台风气压场的非对称性、边界层摩擦效用、气压梯度的切向变化及台风中心移动的影响等多种因素．经过对0519号“龙王”台风的模拟,结果表明本文所建立的台风风场模式可以比较准确的模拟出非圆对称的台风海面气压场和海面风场,较为真实地反映实际台风风场的特征．  相似文献   

新型深水钻井隔水管悬挂系统设计     

盛磊祥  许亮斌  刘健  李婷婷  刘正礼  田波  王志坤 《海洋工程》2019,37(5):99-106

南海海域台风频发,对于深水浮式钻井平台,常规避台模式要求回收所有隔水管,但是在深水、超深水海域,这种应对台风的方案有其局限性。据测算,水深超过1 500 m时,台风准备时间(回收所有隔水管、处理井口的作业时间)超过4天,而目前天气预报的水平只能提前4～5天,因此常规避台难度极大,经常会遭遇到还没有起完隔水管,台风已经逼近平台位置的情况,悬挂隔水管成为一种不得不面对的防台避台方案。硬悬挂和软悬挂是目前悬挂隔水管两种常见的模式,由于软悬挂能够补偿和缓解钻井船升沉施加在悬挂隔水管上的动态载荷,因此业内普遍认为软悬挂模式在提高悬挂隔水管对海洋环境的适应能力方面具有一定的优势,但是常规的软悬挂模式作业程序复杂,而且实施过程中存在伸缩节、张力器液缸等相关设备冲程超标的风险。通过对隔水管悬挂状态下横向和轴向的动力响应进行分析,确定了限制隔水管悬挂安全的主要因素,针对隔水管应力超标和转角过大、干涉等风险,设计了一种具有加装扶正器的锥形悬挂短节;针对悬挂隔水管的轴向压缩风险,研制了一种具有补偿功能的隔水管悬挂装置,降低了悬挂隔水管动态载荷产生轴向压缩和动态应力超标的风险。定量评估表明使用新型隔水管悬挂系统,可以将常规的悬挂窗口由不足10年一遇波流环境条件提高到满足100年一遇的波流环境条件,大大提高了悬挂隔水管的安全性。  相似文献   

非对称风场对台风浪模拟效果的比较研究     

吴彦  赵红军  叶荣辉  孙杰  孔俊 《海洋预报》2020,37(1):55-61

分析四象限非对称风场模型与叠加风场模型的优缺点,将模型结果与实测风速进行对比验证;利用上述两种风场模型分别驱动第三代海浪模式SWAN,对发生在南海海域的三场台风浪进行了数值模拟计算。结果显示:四象限非对称模型关于风速的计算值与实测值吻合度更高,尤其是当台风中心距离测站较近时;四象限非对称模型驱动SWAN模拟的台风浪精度优于叠加风场模型,适用于南海台风浪的数值模拟。  相似文献   

WRF大气模式与台风经验模型在超强台风“山竹”过程重构中的比较分析     

李心雨  杨昀  李自如  王惠群  管卫兵  何杰 《海洋工程》2022,40(4):53-64,111

通过中尺度气象研究与预报模式WRF（weather research and forecasting）和两种台风经验模型重构了2018年影响我国珠江口地区的超强台风“山竹”过程中的气压和风矢量场,在台风最佳路径数据的基础上开展了方法间的比较,并与香港、澳门和深圳三个国际机场的实测数据进行了对比分析,验证了三种模拟方案模拟台风“山竹”的可靠性。利用非结构网格半隐式跨尺度海洋模式SCHISM （semi-implicit cross-scale hydroscience integrated system model）,将三种模拟气压和风场作为驱动场输入风暴潮模式中进行增水模拟试验,比较了它们在赤湾、三灶、横门和黄埔四个测站风暴潮增水中各自的效果,并进一步验证了WRF模式和两种经验模型模拟台风“山竹”的有效性。综合来看, WRF大气模式对气压、风速、风向及风暴增水模拟效果最佳,如果进一步优化该模式的各种参数化方案,可能还能提高其精度。如果不具备使用WRF大气模式的条件,台风经验1模型也是一个完全可以接受的、简单快捷的方案。  相似文献   

Modified parameterization for near-inertial waves     

Weiqi Hong  Lei Zhou  Xiaohui Xie  Han Zhang  Changrong Liang 《海洋学报(英文版)》2022,41(10):41-53

The near-inertial waves (NIWs) are important for energy cascade in the ocean. They are usually significantly reinforced by strong winds, such as typhoon. Due to relatively coarse resolutions in contemporary climate models, NIWs and associated ocean mixing need to be parameterized. In this study, a parameterization for NIWs proposed by Jochum in 2013 (J13 scheme), which has been widely used, is compared with the observations in the South China Sea, and the observations are treated as model outputs. Under normal conditions, the J13 scheme performs well. However, there are noticeable discrepancies between the J13 scheme and observations during typhoon. During Typhoon Kalmaegi in 2014, the inferred value of the boundary layer is deeper in the J13 scheme due to the weak near-inertial velocity shear in the vertical. After typhoon, the spreading of NIWs beneath the upper boundary layer is much faster than the theoretical prediction of inertial gravity waves, and this fast process is not rendered well by the J13 scheme. In addition, below the boundary layer, NIWs and associated diapycnal mixing last longer than the direct impacts of typhoon on the sea surface. Since the energy dissipation and diapycnal mixing below the boundary layer are bounded to the surface winds in the J13 scheme, the prolonged influences of typhoon via NIWs in the ocean interior are missing in this scheme. Based on current examination, modifications to the J13 scheme are proposed, and the modified version can reduce the discrepancies in the temporal and vertical structures of diapycnal mixing.  相似文献   

2021年夏季河南极端降雨水汽来源分析与西太平洋副热带高压的可能作用     

孙其明  胡石建  赵义军 《海洋与湖沼》2023,54(1):16-29

为研究西太平洋海域在河南“7·20”极端降雨事件中的作用,利用海表面温度、海平面气压、位势高度和风场等再分析数据与降水观测数据,分析了2021年夏季河南极端降雨事件的水汽输送来源及其与西太平洋副热带高压多尺度变化特征的关系。数据显示, 2021年夏季河南极端降雨期间,西太平洋副热带高压偏强偏北,河南地区以东至西北太平洋中低空出现显著的东风异常和西向水汽输运。结果表明, 2021年夏季河南暴雨区中高空相对涡度、位势高度和垂直上升运动存在显著异常,从西北太平洋海域通过中低空异常东风输送的水汽是主要来源。经验模态分解结果显示,副热带高压强度指数的第二模态(intrinsic mode functions of west Pacific subtropical high, IMFWPSH)与河南地区降雨第二模态存在统计显著关系并在此次极端降雨事件中扮演重要角色。诊断分析发现,在IMFWPSH正位相期间,副热带西太平洋存在异常增强的上升运动并在中低空产生异常东风,河南地区上升气流异常增强,因此, IMFWPSH可为河南地区降雨提供重要条件。  相似文献   

台风过境对黄海冷水团及其环流结构的影响     

孙凡  于非  司广成  王建丰  唐瑛 《海洋与湖沼》2021,52(5):1125-1136

台风能够对黄海的水文结构及人民群众的生产生活产生重要的影响,严重威胁了人们的生命财产安全。利用ROMS(regional ocean modeling system)模式,分析了台风"灿鸿"在过境黄海期间对黄海温度及环流结构的影响过程。结果表明,台风期间强烈的风致混合能够使温跃层的深度增大,强度减弱,同时,使得近岸的底层温度迅速升高,推动底层的温度锋面向黄海内区移动。台风过境也会对黄海冷水团环流产生重要的影响,台风过境前,混合层中的北向流会迅速加深增强,同时伴随着混合层及温跃层的下移,从而使得黄海冷水团环流的流核下移至跃层以下。当台风过境时,黄海上空的气旋式风场会加剧黄海上层的气旋式环流,导致黄海冷水团环流的流幅及流量迅速增加。当台风登陆后,黄海上层的温度及黄海冷水团环流的结构开始逐渐恢复。  相似文献   

“彩虹”台风对宽频带地震计记录的影响     

丁莉莎  叶世山  姜喜姣 《地震地磁观测与研究》2017,38(6):98-103

201522号"彩虹"台风于2015年10月4日14时前后登陆广东湛江坡头区,对其登陆及前后1周时间内,相邻地震台站宽频带地震计记录的台基噪声速度幅值相关关系进行分析,结果显示:(1)随着台风发育和消亡,在台风登陆的8区域附近,地震台记录的速度幅值由逐渐增加变为逐渐减小,相邻地震台速度幅值线性相关系数达0.9以上;(2)滤波后1—10 s频段数据,相邻地震台速度幅值比趋于稳定。可见"彩虹"台风对1—10 s频段台基噪声影响明显,相邻地震台幅值比趋于稳定。  相似文献   

Responses of Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass to Typhoon Bolaven     

LI Jianchao  LI Guangxue  XU Jishang  QIAO Lulu  MA Yanyan  DING Dong  LIU Shidong 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2019,(1):31-42

A two-month seabed-mounted observation(YSG1 area) was carried out in the western Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass(YSCWM) using an RDI-300 K acoustic Doppler current profiler(ADCP) placed at a water depth of 38 m in late summer, 2012. On August 2012, Typhoon Bolaven passed east of YSG1 with a maximum wind speed of 20 m s-1. The water depth, bottom temperature, and profile current velocities(including u, v and w components) were measured, and the results showed that the typhoon could induce horizontal current with speed greater than 70 cm s-1 in the water column, which is especially rare at below 20 meters above bottom(mab). The deepening velocity shear layer had an intense shear velocity of around 10 cm s-1 m-1, which indicated the deepening of the upper mixed layer. In the upper water column(above 20 mab), westward de-tide current with velocity greater than 30 cm s-1 was generated with the typhoon's onshore surge, and the direction of current movement shifted to become southward. In the lower water column, a possible pattern of eastward compensation current and delayed typhoon-driven current was demonstrated. During the typhoon, bottom temperature variation was changed into diurnal pattern because of the combined influence of typhoon and tidal current. The passage of Bolaven greatly intensified local sediment resuspension in the bottom layer. In addition, low-density particles constituted the suspended particulate matter(SPM) around 10 mab, which may be transported from the central South Yellow Sea by the typhoon. Overall, the intensive external force of the Typhoon Bolaven did not completely destroy the local thermocline, and most re-suspended sediments during the typhoon were restricted within the YSCWM.  相似文献   

Evaluation of Typhoon Waves Simulated by Wave Watch-Ⅲ Model in Shallow Waters Around Zhoushan Islands     

SHENG Yexin  SHAO Weizeng  LI Shuiqing  ZHANG Yuming  YANG Hongwei  ZUO Juncheng 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2019,(2):365-375

In this study, we simulated typhoon waves in the shallow waters around the Zhoushan Islands using the WaveWatch-Ⅲ(WW3) model version 5.16, the latest version released by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Specifically, we used in-situ measurements to evaluate the performance of seven packages of input/dissipation source terms in the WW3 model. We forced the WW3 model by wind fields derived from a combination of the parametric Holland model and high-resolution European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ECMWF) wind data in a 0.125? grid, herein called H-E winds. We trained the H-E winds by fitting a shape parameter B to buoy-measured observations, which resulted in a smallest root mean square error(RMSE) of 3 m s^-1 for B, when treated as a constant 0.4. Then, we applied the seven input/dissipation terms of WW3, labelled ST1, ST2, ST2+STAB2, ST3, ST3+STAB3, ST4, and ST6, to simulate the significant wave height(SWH) up to 5 m during typhoons Fungwong and Chan-hom around the Zhoushan Islands. We then compared the SWHs of the simulated waves with those measured by the in-situ buoys. The results indicate that the simulation using ST2 performs best with an RMSE of 0.79 m for typhoon Fung-wong and an RMSE of 1.12 m for typhoon Chan-hom. Interestingly, we found the simulated SWH results to be relatively higher than those of the observations in the area between Hangzhou Bay and the Zhoushan Islands. This behavior is worthy of further investigation in the future.  相似文献