就地应力条件下岩石静动态力学性质的研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

张保平  方竞  田国荣  申卫兵 《岩土力学》2004,25(3):396-398

岩石力学性质参数可以通过模拟地层应力条件下的室内岩石力学实验得到,但它只能代表一些离散点,所以,在实际应用中的大多数情况下,石油工程师采用连续的测井曲线计算岩石力学参数,然而由于加载频率的不同,计算值与室内准静态条件下测得的参数值有一定的差异,只有校核后的测井曲线才能用于工程应用中。为了从室内实验结果中得到校核后的连续的测井曲线,对模拟就地应力条件下静动态岩石力学性质进行了初步的研究。  相似文献   

寒冻条件下花岗岩小块体的风化模拟实验及其分析   总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12  

朱立平 Whal.  WB 《冰川冻土》1997,19(4):312-320

５０ｍｍ×５０ｍｍ×５０ｍｍ的一些小花岗岩块体被单轴挤压使之表面出现裂隙，然后分别预处理成干燥、水饱和与硫酸钠溶液饱和的３组样品，使之经历不同温度变幅下的冻融过程。在冻融过程中，分别记录了样品表面、表面下１０ｍｍ及２５ｍｍ处的温度变化，同时在实验前后，对所有样品都进行了超声波传输速率测定和重量测定。实验结果表明，这些小的花岗岩块体表面与内部的温度变化没有明显差异，其温度变化随外界温度而变化，但在外界温度变幅整体低于０℃时，岩石温度逐渐趋于稳定。样品在实验前后的重量变化很小，但是仍能反映最大的变化发生在水饱和的一组样品中。所有样品在实验后的超声波传输速率都明显下降，特别是在垂直于微裂隙的方向，超声波传输速率下降大于平均下降幅度，表明冻融过程中岩石内部的孔隙可能增大而微裂隙具有明显的加剧作用。  相似文献   

Ultrasonic modelling research of earthquake response of underground lifeline engineering     

Jinzhong Sun  Yimin Peng  Hongru Zhao  Hongliang Li 《地震学报(英文版)》1992,5(3):617-624

Earthquake response of underground lifeline engineering is investigated by the method of ultrasonic model experiments in this paper. From general field conditions, two models of underground lifeline engineering, one for non-uniform field and the other for uniform field, are designed based on the similarity principle. Besides analysis of seismic phases, a series of analyses especially on particle vibration are carried out. The results show that: The shorter the epicentral distance, the greater are the intensity variation and the change rate of intensity variation of earthquake ground motion, so the more disadvantageous to underground pipelines. In soft covering layer, compressional waves mainly cause radial flexures deformation, but shear wave result in axial dilation deformation of the pipelines; when the thickness of the covering layer is smaller (less than seismic wave length), the rhythmic variation of the intensity of earthquake ground motion is controlled mainly by the wave length of seismic waves in the bedrock. The property of the covering layer has considerable effect on earthquake ground motion. For different covering layers, their effect on each component of earthquake ground motion is not the same. Owing to the effect of wave propagation, the ground is in different states of particle vibration at different times, and there is considerable difference in phase and intensity of particle vibration between two different covering layers near their junction line or surface. Because underground lifelines tend to vibrate with the particles of the earth around it, this results in different deformation of underground pipelines under different conditions. So, it is necessary to take corresponding anti-seismic countermeasures for pipelines according to their practical situations. The Chinese version of this paper appeared in the Chinese edition ofActa Seismologica Sinica,14, 104–110, 1992. This paper is part of the research supported by Funds of Doctoral Faculty of National Education Committee.  相似文献   

超声测风传感器在回路风洞中的测试     

黄敏  卢会国  王保强  刘俊宏 《气象科技》2016,44(1):14-18

超声测风仪因启动风速小、无转动部件、不破坏风场、测量精度高等特点,适用于多种行业的测风需求。超声波测风的相关检定规程当前在国内尚未正式制定。本文借鉴风杯检定规程所选择的风速测试点,在HDF-720低速回路风洞中,对超声测风仪在不同角度下进行了测试数据统计分析。结果表明:超声测风仪可以安装在工作段面较大的风洞中进行测试,由于超声探头存在阴影效应,对于同一风速,不同角度上的测量结果稍有差异,而且不同风速对应的差异也不同。利用超声测风仪进行风速实时测量时,必须结合上述测试分析,按照超声传感器的安装角度,对测量值进行相应修正。  相似文献   

岩样孔隙汞渗入量超声法精密测定     

杨振华 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》1997,(4)

采用声学方法精密测定汞被高压强压入储油岩样的渗入体积，对岩芯孔隙结构测定中的汞体积计量方法作了重要改进。本方法以无水酒精作为计量工作介质，在其中发射声波，通过对汞界面反射声波的识别，进行非接触的声学测量，从根本上解决了当前国内外采用的电阻法，电容法无法避免的由于汞腐蚀或油污染而要求经常进行与有毒汞接触的清洗，并且确保了计量系统工作性能的长期稳定与准确可靠。在０．０１ＭＰａ至５０ＭＰａ压强范围内连续计量，量程０～１０ｍｌ，准确度０．０１ｍｌ。  相似文献   

Movements of non-maturing cultured Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in a Canadian river     

Carr  J. W.; Lacroix  G. L.; Anderson  J. M.; Dilworth  T. 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》1997,54(6):1082-1085

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海洋环境要素的声光集成测量     

于连生 《海洋技术学报》2000,19(3):1-6

本文介绍海洋环境要素的声光集成测量原理和测量方法。文中以作者主持的海洋８６３项目“声光悬浮沙粒径谱测量仪”为例,列举了声速、声衰减、悬浮泥沙粒径谱的测量结果。海洋声速、声衰减、温度、盐度、悬浮物等都是海水的重要参数。这些参数的测量,对海洋开发、海洋环保、海洋军事有重要的意义。  相似文献   

Movement patterns and trajectories of ovigerous blue crabs Callinectes sapidus during the spawning migration     

Sarah D. Carr  Richard A. Tankersley  James L. Hench  Richard B. Forward  Jr.  Richard A. Luettich  Jr. 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2004,60(4):567-579

Female blue crabs (Callinectes sapidus Rathbun) migrate from low salinity estuarine regions to high salinity regions near the ocean to release larvae. During this migration, ovigerous females use ebb-tide transport, a vertical migratory behavior in which they ascend into the water column during ebb tides, to move seaward to larval release areas. In order to determine the relationship of ebb-tide vertical migrations to local currents and the influence of these vertical migrations on the horizontal transport of blue crabs in the estuary, ovigerous females with mature embryos (1–3 days from hatching) were tracked near Beaufort Inlet, North Carolina (USA), in July and August 2001 and 2002. Crabs were tagged and tracked using ultrasonic telemetry, and currents near the crabs were measured simultaneously with a shipboard acoustic Doppler current profiler.During the two seasons, eight crabs were successfully tracked for periods ranging from 3.9–37.0 h and for distances ranging from 1.9–10.6 km. All crabs migrated seaward during the tracking periods. Crabs moved episodically during all tidal phases with periods of movement on the order of minutes to an hour. They moved with local currents in terms of both speed and direction during ebb tides, consistent with ebb-tide transport, and moved down-estuary (seaward) in opposition to local currents during flood tides. The percentage of time that crabs were active was higher during night ebb tides than during day ebb tides or flood tides and increased with increasing ebb-tide current speed. Mean migratory speeds were 0.11, 0.04, 0.08 and 0.02 m s⁻¹ during night ebb, night flood, day ebb and day flood tides, respectively, and net migratory speeds were on the order of 5 km day⁻¹. Due to the episodic nature of the crabs' movements, the total distances that crabs traveled during ebb tides ranged from 10–40% of the distances that passive particles could have traveled under the same conditions.  相似文献   

基于岩石表面位移场的超声波振动下花岗岩损伤特性试验研究          下载免费PDF全文

张程  赵大军  张书磊  周宇 《探矿工程》2021,48(3):39-45

超声波振动碎岩技术作为解决硬岩钻进难题的新方法,其技术可行性受到国内外学者的大量验证,但是对于超声波振动下硬岩破碎机理的认识还存在不足。超声波振动下岩石表面径向响应位移与内部损伤状态存在着必然的联系,本文通过监测岩石在超声波振动过程中表面不同深度处的径向响应位移,利用应力波传播理论从能量耗散角度分析了岩石表面不同深度监测点径向响应位移的时空演化与岩石内部损伤发展的关系,得出超声波振动下岩石损伤主要由振动头高频冲击岩石造成的Hertz锥形环状裂纹和超声波振动交变应力产生的疲劳拉伸裂纹造成的,Hertz锥形环状裂纹的扩展深度为10 mm,疲劳损伤裂纹主要在10~20 mm深度处产生,超声波振动下岩石发生局部宏观破碎前存在着明显的径向响应位移征兆,岩石表面径向响应位移可以作为超声波振动下的破坏判据。本文的研究对于丰富超声波振动下硬岩的破碎机理具有重要意义。  相似文献   

Diel activity and short‐distance movement pattern of the European spiny lobster,Palinurus elephas,acoustically tracked          下载免费PDF全文

Vincenzo M. Giacalone  Alberto Barausse  Michele Gristina  Carlo Pipitone  Valerio Visconti  Fabio Badalamenti  Giovanni D'Anna 《Marine Ecology》2015,36(3):389-399

This paper presents the results of the application of an ultrasonic telemetry system to the investigation of short‐term movements in the European spiny lobster, Palinurus elephas, in a coastal area of NW Sicily (Central Mediterranean Sea). Ten lobsters were tagged with miniaturized transmitters and released over a favourable habitat and their movements then recorded by means of nine automated receivers with the objective of investigating post‐release displacement, home‐range extension, movement patterns, activity rhythm and the influence of lunar light intensity on lobster activity. Acoustic detection data were used to assess activity and home range using estimates of horizontal and vertical movements and minimum convex polygons, respectively. Continuous wavelet transform (CWT) analysis was applied to time series of position data. Acoustic data from five of 10 lobsters were successfully recorded across a 78‐day study period between April and June 2008. All of them displayed an activity pattern characterized by diurnal sheltering and nocturnal foraging, with higher activity (i.e., longer distances travelled) at night. Their home range measured between 1629 and 8641 m², and all lobsters relocated every 4.6 days on average, probably in search of unexploited feeding grounds. For this reason we hypothesize a nomadic movement pattern for our tagged lobsters. CWT analyses highlighted a 24‐h periodicity in lobster activity, with higher activity from sunset to sunrise. No clear influence of moon phase on lobster activity was detected.  相似文献