Hot pressing of polycrystals of high-pressure phases of mantle minerals in multi-anvil apparatus     

Gabriel D. Gwanmesia  Baosheng Li  Robert C. Liebermann 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1993,141(2-4):467-484

In the 1960s, E. Schreiber and his colleagues pioneered the use of hot-pressed polycrystalline aggregates for studies of the pressure and temperature dependence of the elastic wave velocities in minerals. We have extended this work to the high-pressure polymorphs of mantle minerals by developing techniques to fabricate large polycrystalline specimens in a 2000-ton uniaxial split-sphere apparatus. A new cell assembly has been developed to extend this capability to pressures of 20 GPa and temperatures of 1700°C. Key elements in the new experimental design include: a telescopic LaCrO₃ forT>1200°C; Toshiba Tungaloy grade F tungsten carbide anvils; and the use of homogeneous glasses or seeded powder mixtures as starting material to enhance reactivity and maximize densities. Cell temperatures are linearly related to electrical power to 1700°C and uniform throughout the 3 mm specimens. Pressure calibrations at 25°C and 1700°C are identical to 15 GPa. Cylindrical specimens of the beta and spinel phases of Mg₂SiO₄, stishovite (SiO₂-rutile), and majorite-pyrope garnets have been synthesized within their stability fields in runs of 1–4 hr duration and recovered at ambient conditions by simultaneously decompressing and cooling along a computer-controlledP-T path designed to preserve the high-pressure phase and to relax intergranualar stress in the polycrystalline aggregate. These specimens are single-phased, fine-grained (<5 micron), free of microcracks and preferred orientation, and have bulk densities greater than 99% of X-ray density. The successful fabrication of these high-quality polycrystalline specimens has made possible experiments to determine the pressure dependence of acoustic velocities in the ultrasonics laboratory of S. M. Rigden and I. Jackson at the Australian National University.CHiPR: NSF Science and Technology Center for High Pressure Research.  相似文献   

Şarköy-Mürefte 1912 Earthquake's Tsunami, extension of the associated faulting in the Marmara Sea, Turkey     

Y. Altınok  B. Alpar  C. Yaltırak 《Journal of Seismology》2003,7(3):329-346

The historical tsunamis in the Marmara Seawere mainly caused by earthquakes andneeded to be documented. Following 1999Izmit earthquake occurred at the EasternMarmara region, a complete inventory ofactive faults in the Marmara Sea regionbecame much more stressed. To the west, thelatest event is 09.08.1912arköy-Mürefte Earthquake. Itoccurred on the active Ganos Fault zone andwas one of the largest earthquakes in theBalkans. The eastern termination of theassociated faulting is in the deep WestMarmara Trough, westernmost of thesuccessive basins forming the Marmara Sea.On the basis of recent multibeam bathymetryand seismic reflection data, estimatedtotal length of the surface rupture isabout 56 km. The historical data reviewedfrom library and archive documents,geological field surveys and offshoregeophysical investigations have shown thatthe 1912 earthquake produced a tsunami. Inaddition a seabed dislocation, the sourceof 1912 tsunami can also be assigned to thesediment slumps appearing in the form ofechelon landslide prisms along the southernslopes of the West Marmara Trough.  相似文献   

Remote structural health monitoring with serially multiplexed fiber optic acoustic emission sensors     

陈仲裕  梁玉进  Farhad Ansari 《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2003,2(1):141-146

Development and testing of a serially multiplexed fiber optic sensor system is described. The sensor differs from conventional fiber optic acoustic systems, as it is capable of sensing AE emissions at several points along the length of a single fiber. Multiplexing provides for single channel detection of cracks and their locations in large structural systems. An algorithm was developed for signal recognition and tagging of the AE waveforms for detection of crack locations. Laboratory experiments on plain concrete beams and post-tensioned FRP tendons were performed to evaluate the crack detection capability of the sensor system. The acoustic emission sensor was able to detect initiation, growth and location of the cracks in concrete as well as in the FRP tendons. The AE system is potentially suitable for applications involving health monitoring of structures following an earthquake Supported by: National Science Foundation, Grant number CMS-9900338  相似文献   

X-Ray Interferometry     

Webster Cash 《Experimental Astronomy》2003,16(2):91-136

For the astronomer, X-ray interferometry is the theory and practice of building dilute aperture telescopes for studying celestial X-ray sources. The short wavelengths and high surface brightness of X-ray sources will make the eventual scientific payoff very high, with direct imaging of the event horizons of black holes as the centerpiece. In this article, we review the history of X-ray interferometry and discuss the recent technical developments toward astronomical applications. We present several mission concepts and show they are achievable with todays technology.  相似文献   

Using unmanned underwater vehicles as research platforms in coastal ocean studies     

Kendall L.Carder  David K.Costello 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2003,2(2):211-217

The advantages of using unmanned underwater vehicles in coastal ocean studies are emphasized. Two types of representative vehicles, remotely operated vehicle (ROV) and autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) from University of South Florida, are discussed. Two individual modular sensor packages designed and tested for these platforms and field measurement results are also presented. The bottom classification and albedo package, BCAP, provides fast and accurate estimates of bottom albedos, along with other parameters such as in-water remote sensing reflectance. The real-time ocean bottom optical topographer, ROBOT, reveals high-resolution 3-dimentional bottom topography for target identification. Field data and results from recent Coastal Benthic Optical Properties field campaign, 1999 and 2000, are presented. Advantages and limitations of these vehicles and applications of modular sensor packages are compared and discussed.  相似文献   

EH-4电导率成像系统的特点及其在金属矿勘探中的应用   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

孟贵祥  兰险 《矿床地质》2006,25(1):36-42

EH-4电导率成像系统是一种混场源频率域电磁观测系统,具有轻便、高效、勘探深度大、分辨率高的特点。通过在块状硫化物铜矿、斑岩铜矿已知矿区的试验研究,证实EH-4系统在这两种矿床类型的隐伏-半隐伏金属矿勘探中有较好的找矿效果。  相似文献   

成像光谱技术在典型蚀变矿物识别和填图中的应用   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6       下载免费PDF全文

刘圣伟甘甫平  闫柏琨杨苏明王润生  王青华唐攀科 《中国地质》2006,33(1):178-186

成像光谱矿物识别和填图技术是中国国土资源调查和监测重点发展的高新技术之一。笔者以国土资源调查应用为主要目标,研究了成像光谱矿物识别和矿物填图技术实用化中的一些关键技术问题。分析了白云母和绿泥石两种重要蚀变矿物的光谱特征及光谱变异特征;以新疆东天山黄山地区的HyMap数据为例,对目前已较为系统化的成像光谱识别技术(如MNF变换、像元纯度指数PPI和N维可视化端元识别NDVI)在典型蚀变矿物识别和填图中的应用进行介绍。  相似文献   

新疆塔里木盆地东部奥陶系剥蚀厚度计算和平面成图     

单玄龙  杨亮  王璞珺 《新疆地质》2006,24(4):389-391

针对塔东地区实际地质资料和低勘探程度的特点,应用声波时差、镜质体反射率、沉积速率等多种综合方法,计算11口钻井的奥陶系剥蚀量.平面上奥陶系顶面剥蚀厚度的求取主要依据27条地震剖面资料,应用沉积速率法计算剥蚀量,且剥蚀量的数量级受邻近钻井值的约束,并绘制了奥陶系剥蚀量平面图.研究区奥陶系顶面剥蚀量在111~2 929 m,总体趋势为南部剥蚀量大,北部剥蚀量小,即从盆地边部向盆地内部剥蚀量增加.东部剥蚀量相对较小,西部剥蚀量相对较大.  相似文献   

差分GPS水下立体定位系统   总被引：15，自引：3，他引：15  

王权  程鹏飞  章传银  王泽民  蔡艳辉  丁剑 《测绘科学》2006,31(5):18-19,21

差分GPS水下立体定位系统包括GPS差分基准站、GPS浮标、水下收发机、船基控制中心四部分。差分基准站提供GPS差分改正,实现浮标内置GPS高精度实时定位。GPS浮标完成水上和水下的集成,检测水下收发机发射的定位信号并测量信号到达的时间,同时将各种数据发送到船基控制中心。船基控制中心接收各个浮标的数据后实时解算水下收发机的位置,同时将结果发送给水下收发机。本文首先对系统的总体构成和各个部分的功能进行了介绍,然后详细推导了系统定位算法,最后结合系统试验情况给出了系统试验精度统计结果。  相似文献   

成像光谱数据特征选择及小麦品种识别实验研究   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

王长耀  刘正军  颜春燕 《遥感学报》2006,10(2):249-255

针对河北栾城获得的MAIS成像光谱仪数据用于小麦品种识别进行了特征选择和分类研究。利用遗传算法以JM距离为准则并结合实验区小麦的生物物理特性，进行了最佳波段选择；利用Fuzzy—Anmap分类器及选出的最佳波段对成像光谱数据进行了分类，区分出了4种小麦品种，小麦的总体分类精度超过97％。  相似文献