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41.
地震层析成像在水利水电工程地质勘察中的应用 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
田宗勇 《CT理论与应用研究》1997,(3)
水利水电工程地质勘察是水利水电工程建设中的基础工作。地震层析成像技术作为一种新的物探方法,通过工程中孔,碉间地质条件的探测,进而评价大坝建筑物的工程地质条件是一种有效的手段。本文介绍了乌江构皮滩水利枢纽的应用效果。 相似文献
42.
黑色岩系中铂族元素地质地球化学特征 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
含PGE黑色岩系可根据黑色岩系中有无火成岩,将其分为:(1)与火山作用或岩浆活动无关的黑色岩系;(2)与火山作用或岩浆活动有关的黑色岩系不同地质背景下,富金属黑色岩系的特征及其PGE的分布特征既有相似之处,又各具特点,反映出两者PGE的地球化学演化过程有所差别。有关PGE比值不仅可以反映出元素的地球化学行为,亦可区分或指示不同环境下PGE地球化学演化的规律性。 相似文献
43.
44.
Acidification of groundwater lags behind acid deposition due to the relatively long water residence time in conjunction with
various buffering processes in the soil zone and deeper aquifer (chemical weathering, cation exchange, sulfate sorption, and
N uptake by the biomass). Extensive field data from eight forested catchments in the Bunter Sandstone of the Black Forest,
including results from water budget studies and hydrochemical analysis of stream and spring waters, were used to simulate
the future evolution of ground-water acidification with the MAGIC model. The present acid deposition exceeds the “critical
load” (here meaning buffering due to chemical weathering and protonation of organic acids) in six of eight catchments. Two
catchments are well buffered because they contain carbonate-bearing layers in the Upper Bunter sandstone. Transient buffering
(i.e., cation exchange, N uptake, the sulfate sorption) thus far prevents worse acidification, but this effect will decline
in the future. For one of the poorly buffered catchments (Seebach), a two-layer simulation was carried out, based on extensive
data from 10 years of measurements. Validation of the long-term simulations by hydrochemical and soil data was hampered by
strong annual variations but generally supported by paleolimnological studies. In the future, reductions in the S deposition
by 20% and the N deposition by 10% up to the year 2030 are assumed as the most probable scenario. N uptake through soil and
vegetation will come to an end as suggested by decreasing C/N ratios of the organic matter. This process is arbitrarily included
in the simulations. In the periglacial soil layer, acidification will decrease until the year 2030 and then approach a steady-state
condition. In the fractured aquifer, acidification will also proceed at a decreasing rate; however, sulfate desorption up
to the year 2130, the end of simulated period, will prevent earlier remediation. Despite a significant reduction in S deposition
since the mid-1980s, further efforts are necessary to reduce the emission of acidifying substances. Liming in the recharge
area is partially effective to ameliorate “shallow” groundwater but largely fails to ameliorate “deeper” groundwater in the
sandstone aquifer.
Received: 30 July 1996/Accepted: 23 January 1997 相似文献
45.
The color of pumice: case study on a trachytic fall deposit, Meidob volcanic field, Sudan 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This paper examines the cause of color variations of trachytic pumices which are essentially uniform in chemical composition
and proposes a geological model for their formation. A pyroclastic sequence of distinct subunits with brown, buff, and black
pumices was deposited during the 5000-B.P. eruption of a tuff ring in the central Meidob volcanic field (Sudan). Subunits
of buff pumices locally contain minor amounts of streaky pumice with pale-gray and dark-gray domains. The combined evidence
of petrographic studies, chemical analyses of whole pumices and groundmass separates, electron microprobe analyses, optical
spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and magnetic susceptibility measurements show that color variations of the
pumice clasts are related to the size and distribution of Fe3+-rich oxide microcrysts. Buff pumice and light-gray domains of streaky pumice have a colorless, transparent groundmass with
very few microcrysts. Dark-gray domains of streaky pumice contain abundant hematite and/or magnetite microcrysts visible in
thin section within a transparent, colorless glass groundmass. The groundmass of the black pumice clasts is brown in thin
section which is most likely caused by submicroscopic magnetite microcrysts. Brown pumice clasts have a mixed groundmass consisting
of brown domains and domains with opaque microcrysts in transparent glass. Variations in the eruption dynamics have been inferred
from lithological observations. Subunits of black pumices are related to eruption pulses with low magma discharge and high
water/magma mass ratio, whereas subunits of buff pumice were deposited during eruption pulses with high magma discharge and
low water/magma mass ratio. Brown pumices represent the top part of the magma body, and the initial stage of the eruption
probably had a low magma discharge. Streaky pumices are interpreted as the product of syn-eruptive mixing of Fe3+-rich oxide microcryst-bearing magma and microcryst-free magma.
Received: 3 February 1997 / Accepted: 28 July 1997 相似文献
46.
通过工程实例,介绍了应用潜水电磁铁处理桩孔施工中掉铁件事故的方法及操作要领,它具有实用价值。 相似文献
47.
钻孔扩底灌注桩施工新工艺 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
本文介绍钻孔扩底灌注桩的施工新工艺,多应式扩底钻头特点,成桩技术标准,适用范围及经济效益分析。 相似文献
48.
49.
地铁隧道开挖引起地表塌陷分析 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:6
深圳富水软弱地层地铁隧道开挖中出现的工作面失稳及由此引起的地表塌陷是地铁安全施工中极其重要的方面,对施工安全、进度都有较大影响,同时也对整个工程造成巨大的经济损失。通过对深圳地铁Ⅰ期工程土建施工中全线部分暗挖标段出现的工作面失稳、地表塌陷工程实践和现场监测结果分析,特别着重对连续2次出现地表塌陷的3A标暗挖隧道研究,从隧道上覆地层物理力学性质参数、地层变形监测分析及施工工艺原因3方面阐述了地表塌陷的原因。明确提出剪切破坏线和失水空洞区的概念,确定出引发地表塌陷的主导因素为施工工艺原因。建议针对该类地层条件,应做好超前地质预报.适当调整预加固参数.加强隧道结构和地表的动态变形监测,施工技术人员做到准确了解施工现场动态,及时调整施工工艺参数,以保证隧道的安全施工。分析结果对深圳地铁Ⅱ期工程施工及类似地层条件地下工程施工提供科学预测、预防地表塌陷的方法和技术措施,达到地铁隧道施工中经济效益与安全施工的统一。 相似文献
50.
Modes of occurrence of mercury and other trace elements in coals from the warrior field, Black Warrior Basin, Northwestern Alabama 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The mineralogic residence and abundance of trace metals is an important environmental issue. Data from the USGS coal quality database show that potentially toxic elements, including Hg, As, Mo, Se, Cu, and Tl are enriched in a subset of coal samples in the Black Warrior Basin of Alabama, USA. Although the coal as-mined typically is low in these elements, localized enrichments occur in high-pyrite coals and near faults. Microscopic analyses demonstrate that the residence of these elements is dominantly in a late-stage pyrite associated with structurally disrupted coal. Further, our data suggest addition of Hg to the coal matrix as well. The source of these trace elements was hydrothermal fluids driven into the Black Warrior Basin by Alleghanian age tectonism. 相似文献