Velocity of auroral arcs drifting equatorward from the polar cap     

P. J. S. Williams  C. F. del Pozo  I. Hiscock  R. Fallows 《Annales Geophysicae》1998,16(10):1322-1331

The drift velocity of an auroral arc is compared with the component of F-region plasma velocity in the same direction for ten cases where the arc is seen to move steadily equatorward for several minutes without any major change in appearance or orientation. In most cases the two velocities are close, but on two occasions the drift velocity of the arc is much higher than the plasma velocity. From the cases studied it appears that during the growth and recovery phase of the substorm cycle the arc moves with a velocity close to the convection velocity, but during the expansion phase this is not the case.  相似文献   

Signatures of interplanetary transients behind shocks and their associated near-surface solar activity     

S. Bravo  X. Blanco-Cano 《Annales Geophysicae》1998,16(4):359-369

Interplanetary transients with particular signatures different from the normal solar wind have been observed behind interplanetary shocks and also without shocks. In this paper we have selected four well-known transient interplanetary signatures, namely: magnetic clouds, helium enhancements and bidirectional electron and ion fluxes, found in the solar wind behind shocks, and undertaken a correlative study between them and the corresponding solar observations. We found that although commonly different signatures appear in a single interplanetary transient event, they are not necessarily simultaneous, that is, they may belong to different plasma regions within the ejecta, which suggests that they may be generated by complex processes involving the ejection of plasma from different solar regions. We also found that more than 90% of these signatures correspond to cases when an H flare and the eruption of a filament occurred near solar central meridian between 1 and 4 days before the observation of the disturbance at 1 AU, the highest association being with flares taking place between 2 and 3 days before. The majority of the H flares were also accompanied by soft X-ray events. We also studied the longitudinal distribution of the associated solar events and found that between 80% and 90% of the interplanetary ejecta were associated with solar events within a longitudinal band of ±30° from the solar central meridian. An east-west asymmetry in the associated solar events seems to exist for some of the signatures. We also look for coronal holes adjacent to the site of the explosive event and find that they were present almost in every case.  相似文献   

CUTLASS Finland radar observations of the ionospheric signatures of flux transfer events and the resulting plasma flows   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

G. Provan  T. K. Yeoman  S. E. Milan 《Annales Geophysicae》1998,16(11):1411-1422

The CUTLASS Finland radar has been run in a two-beam special scan mode, which offered excellent temporal and spatial information on the flows in the high-latitude ionosphere. A detailed study of one day of this data revealed a convection reversal boundary (CRB) in the CUTLASS field of view (f.o.v) on the dayside, the direction of plasma flow either side of the boundary being typical of a dawn-cell convection pattern. Poleward of the CRB a number of pulsed transients are observed, seemingly moving away from the radar. These transients are identified here as the ionospheric signature of flux transfer events (FTEs). Equatorward of the CRB continuous backscatter was observed, believed to be due to the return flow on closed field lines. The two-beam scan offered a new and innovative opportunity to determine the size and velocity of the ionospheric signatures associated with flux transfer events and the related plasma flow pattern. The transient signature was found to have an azimuthal extent of 1900 ± 900 km and an poleward extent of 250 km. The motion of the transient features was in a predominantly westward azimuthal direction, at a velocity of 7.5 ± 3 km.  相似文献   

Ground-based optical measurements of daytime auroral emissions: A new means of investigating space-weather related processes     

D. Pallam Raju  R. Sridharan 《Journal of Earth System Science》1998,107(3):203-211

The first optical signatures of plasmapause associated processes were gleaned from the daytime auroral emissions monitored from Maitri, the Indian station in Antarctica, using the newly built, ground-based, Multiwavelength Daytime Photometer (MWDPM). The plasmapause boundary inferred from these measurements conforms well with the known empirical relationship with the geomagnetic indexKp. The measurements made at 391.4, 486.1, 557.7 and 630.0 nm emissions revealed significant day-to-day variations in their spatial and temporal extents. These preliminary results are presented and discussed.  相似文献   

Geological factors influencing the concentration of trace elements in the Philippi peatland, eastern Macedonia, Greece     

K. Christanis  A. Georgakopoulos  J. L. Fernndez-Turiel  A. Bouzinos 《International Journal of Coal Geology》1998,36(3-4)

Six peat samples obtained from the Holocene and the Weichselian of the Philippi peat deposit, eastern Macedonia, Greece, were analyzed for 48 trace elements by Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometry (ICP–MS). The ash contents of these samples were also determined. Most of the trace elements are associated with the minerals in the peat, while Ge, Mo, Pb, Se, Ta, Tl, U, and W display a greater affinity with the organic matter. Compared with crustal averages (Clarke concentrations), the Philippi peat is enriched in some elements (Ag, As, Au, Cd, Mo, Se, Te, U, and W) because of the respective mineralizations in the area. The Philippi peat is also enriched in Cr, Cu, Mo, Pb, Sc, Sn, T, V, Y, and Zn in comparison with typical fen peats, as well as in As, Cr, Mo, Se, and U in comparison with typical coals. Climatic and hydrogeological conditions strongly influenced the peat-forming environment resulting in a differentiation between Holocene and Weichselian peat. Generally, the Holocene peat contains lower concentrations of trace elements in the northern and southern part of the fen, than the Weichselian one. The opposite trend is observed in the fen area close to the western basin margins.  相似文献   

Mode identification of terrestrial ULF waves observed by Cluster: A case study   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Y. Hobara  S.N. Walker  M. Dunlop  M. Balikhin  O.A. Pokhotelov  H. Nilsson  H. Rme 《Planetary and Space Science》2007,55(15):2257-2260

Using multipoint measurements from the Cluster mission wave identification techniques are applied to observations of ULF waves made in the terrestrial foreshock with the aim of identifying the modes and properties of the waves taking into account the effects of a high beta plasma. The wave properties in the spacecraft and plasma rest frames are experimentally derived using minimum variance analysis. Two waves with periods of 30 and 3 s dominate the dynamic frequency spectrum. The results indicate that these waves propagate in the fast magnetosonic and Alfvén/Ion Cyclotron modes, respectively. Both waves propagate in the upstream direction in the plasma rest frame but are convected downstream in the spacecraft frame. The measured wave properties in the plasma rest frame are in good agreement with those obtained from the theoretical kinetic dispersion relation taking into account the effects of different plasma beta. The dispersion results show a rather significant deviation from fluid model, especially when high beta plasma conditions occur. These experimentally derived foreshock ULF wave properties are in good agreement with previous results but when the effects of a high beta plasma are considered it is not as straight forward to choose the correct wave mode branch.  相似文献   

Ion acceleration and Alfvén wave generation at the Earth’s bow shock     

E. G. Berezhko  S. N. Taneev 《Astronomy Letters》2007,33(5):346-353

The processes of ion acceleration and Alfvén wave generation by accelerated particles at the Earth’s bow shock are studied within a quasi-linear approach. Steady-state ion and wave spectra are shown to be established in a time of 0.3–4 h, depending on the background level of Alfvénic turbulence in the solar wind. The Alfvén waves produced by accelerated ions are confined within the frequency range 10^?2–1 Hz and their spectral peak with a wave amplitude βB ～ B comparable to the interplanetary magnetic field strength B corresponds to the frequency v = (2–3) × 10^?2 Hz. The high-frequency part of the wave spectrum (v > 0.2 Hz) undergoes damping by thermal ions. The calculated spectra of the accelerated ions and the Alfvén waves generated by them reproduce the main features observed in experiments.  相似文献   

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定矿石中7种元素的结果不确定度评价   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘伟 《福建地质》2010,29(2):171-178

对电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定矿石中铜、铅、锌、钾、钠、钛、钒7种元素的整个实验过程可能引入的各种不确定度来源进行分析,并对各种不确定度分量进行量化计算,最后得出合成标准不确定度和扩展不确定度,给出测试结果。  相似文献   

日球边界射电辐射的研究进展          下载免费PDF全文

陈玲  吴德金  李逸伦  马兵  唐建飞  周晓伟 《天文学报》2023,64(3):33-186

日球边界射电辐射是太阳系最强的射电辐射现象,辐射功率至少达1013 W,能够提供日球边界附近高能电子束和背景磁等离子体结构的重要物理信息.自1983年旅行者号卫星首次探测到日球边界射电辐射后,其便受到研究者们的广泛持续关注.日球边界射电辐射大致有两类:辐射频率相对较高的瞬时辐射或称漂移辐射以及辐射频率相对较低的持续辐射或称非漂移辐射.通常两类辐射都从大约2 kHz开始,漂移辐射具有向高频率漂移的特征,频漂率约为1–3 kHz/yr,频率范围1.8–3.6 kHz,持续时间较短大致100–300 d;非漂移辐射没有明显的频率漂移,频率范围1.8–2.6 kHz,持续时间较长大致3 yr.目前普遍认为日球边界射电辐射与激波有关.介绍了该射电辐射可能的辐射产生源区、辐射物理机制以及与辐射相关的激波来源,并且讨论了尚存在的科学问题以及展望了未来可以进一步开展的研究.  相似文献   

微波等离子体炬质谱技术快速鉴别天然石材与人造石材   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

周炜  熊海龙  杨美玲  陈焕文  屈颖  张兴磊  方小伟 《岩矿测试》2014,33(6):782-788

天然石材主要有大理石、花岗岩等;人造石材多以不饱和聚酯树脂为基料,添加适量的无机物粉料和添加剂固化制成。由于石材种类繁多,并且各种石材的岩体所含矿物成分也有差异,当前很少应用化学成分分析方法准确、快速鉴别天然和人造石材,仅有的红外光谱法由于对待测物纯度的要求较高而具局限性。本文基于微波等离子体炬源(MPT)同时具有热解吸与强电离能力,能在短时间内离子化待测物的特点,采用微波等离子体炬质谱(MPT-MS)技术,无需样品复杂预处理直接对天然与人造石材进行分析,获得正离子检测模式下在m/z 50~1000之间的石材的指纹谱图,并运用化学计量学的主成分分析(PCA)方法处理所获取的数据,实现了不同建筑石材的区分。结果表明,MPT-MS能够获得石材丰富的指纹谱图,结合PCA方法能够快速鉴别天然石材与人造石材,天然石材中解吸出的物质主要为CO₂和H₂O的团簇分子;而人造石材中解吸出的主要成分为有机物(人为添加的黏合剂等)。本研究采用的MPT-MS技术无需采用喷雾、激光、基质和加热等方法辅助,并且无需对石材进行任何复杂的处理即可进行质谱分析,从而获取石材表面及内部物质的质谱信息,为快速直接鉴定石材样品提供了一种新的质谱分析方法。  相似文献