内蒙古巴林右旗下三叠统幸福之路组化石新发现     

郑月娟  苏飞  陈树旺  张健  黄欣  公繁浩 《地质通报》2013,32(9):1423-1435

下三叠统幸福之路组分布于大兴安岭南部,时代为早三叠世.重新实测了幸福之路组三段建组剖面,采集了孢粉、叶肢介、双壳及植物化石,其中孢粉化石为首次发现.孢粉化石为A lisporites communis-Vittatina costabilis组合,叶肢介为Cyclotun-guzites-Euestheria组合.综合分析孢粉、叶肢介化石组合特征,认为其时代相当于早三叠世早期;幸福之路组孢粉组合在古植物地理区划上与新疆北部晚二叠世—早三叠世孢粉组合关系密切,但也含有华北地台晚二叠世晚期的一些分子,记录了安加拉和华夏两大植物群的交流.幸福之路组与林西组孢粉组合具有明显的连续性.  相似文献   

全球温度变化的热力学平衡和最新发现     

蒋钧  唐耀庚 《地学前缘》2008,15(6):338-341

本文提出了一种新的研究全球气候温度变化的思路。为发现全球气候变化的宏观规律,把生物圈系统作为一个整体的物质进行研究,从而把纷繁复杂的全球气候温度变化问题归纳成经典物理学的热量与温度变化问题。给出了广义生物圈的热平衡测量Q值和温度变化的热力学公式,并在实际数据的基础上通过计算发现人类使用矿物燃料和核能所排放的热量理论上可使全球海平面每年升高35 mm或者可使大气对流层温度每年升高011 ℃。该发现表明:能源热量因素已成为影响全球温度变化的重要因素。  相似文献   

安徽南陵姚家岭铜铅锌矿床的发现及意义   总被引：13，自引：1，他引：12       下载免费PDF全文

蒋其胜赵自宏  黄建满 《中国地质》2008,35(2):314-321

姚家岭铜铅锌矿床是长江中下游金属成矿带铜陵矿集区近年来普查新发现的大型矿产地.矿床类型是与燕山晚期隐爆斑岩体侵入活动相关的浅成热液充填交代-斑岩型矿床。姚家岭铜铅锌矿床的发现,反映了该区成矿的多样性和复杂性,突破了本区矽卡岩型和层控叠加改造型两个传统的成矿模式。对铜陵矿集区乃至长江中下游地区的深部找矿工作具有十分重要的指导意义。  相似文献   

Sinkhole hazard assessment in Minnesota using a decision tree model     

Yongli Gao  E. Calvin AlexanderJr 《Environmental Geology》2008,54(5):945-956

An understanding of what influences sinkhole formation and the ability to accurately predict sinkhole hazards is critical to environmental management efforts in the karst lands of southeastern Minnesota. Based on the distribution of distances to the nearest sinkhole, sinkhole density, bedrock geology and depth to bedrock in southeastern Minnesota and northwestern Iowa, a decision tree model has been developed to construct maps of sinkhole probability in Minnesota. The decision tree model was converted as cartographic models and implemented in ArcGIS to create a preliminary sinkhole probability map in Goodhue, Wabasha, Olmsted, Fillmore, and Mower Counties. This model quantifies bedrock geology, depth to bedrock, sinkhole density, and neighborhood effects in southeastern Minnesota but excludes potential controlling factors such as structural control, topographic settings, human activities and land-use. The sinkhole probability map needs to be verified and updated as more sinkholes are mapped and more information about sinkhole formation is obtained.  相似文献   

Extracting and analyzing semantic relatedness between cities using news articles   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Yingjie Hu  Xinyue Ye  Shih-Lung Shaw 《International journal of geographical information science》2017,31(12):2427-2451

News articles capture a variety of topics about our society. They reflect not only the socioeconomic activities that happened in our physical world, but also some of the cultures, human interests, and public concerns that exist only in the perceptions of people. Cities are frequently mentioned in news articles, and two or more cities may co-occur in the same article. Such co-occurrence often suggests certain relatedness between the mentioned cities, and the relatedness may be under different topics depending on the contents of the news articles. We consider the relatedness under different topics as semantic relatedness. By reading news articles, one can grasp the general semantic relatedness between cities; yet, given hundreds of thousands of news articles, it is very difficult, if not impossible, for anyone to manually read them. This paper proposes a computational framework which can ‘read’ a large number of news articles and extract the semantic relatedness between cities. This framework is based on a natural language processing model and employs a machine learning process to identify the main topics of news articles. We describe the overall structure of this framework and its individual modules, and then apply it to an experimental dataset with more than 500,000 news articles covering the top 100 US cities spanning a 10-year period. We perform exploratory visualizations of the extracted semantic relatedness under different topics and over multiple years. We also analyze the impact of geographic distance on semantic relatedness and find varied distance decay effects. The proposed framework can be used to support large-scale content analysis in city network research.  相似文献   

Oil- and gas-resource assessment in certain South American Basins—An application of ARDS (Ver. 5.0) to complex exploration and discovery histories     

Lawrence J. Drew  John H. Schuenemeyer 《Natural Resources Research》1997,6(4):295-315

The modified Arps-Roberts Discovery Process Modeling System [ARDS (Ver. 4.01)] has recently been upgraded [ARDS (Ver. 5.0)] and applied to a wide variety of field discovery and wildcat drilling data with differing characteristics. ARDS is designed to forecast the number and sizes of undiscovered fields in an exploration play or basin by using historical drilling and discovery data. Fields used as input may be grown or ungrown. Two models for field growth—one offshore and the other onshore—have been implemented (Schuenemeyer and Drew, 1996). Uncertainty attributable to field growth is estimated via simulation. This upgrade of ARDS has been designed to handle situations when the data cannot be partitioned into homogeneous regions, but where estimation of the number of remaining oil and gas fields is still meaningful. In this upgrade of ARDS, many restrictions, which include those on the number of fields and wildcat wells required to forecast the size distribution of the oil and gas fields that remain to be discovered in an exploration play, a basin, or other target area, have been removed. In addition, flexibility has been gained by reforming the criteria for convergence of the model. In all, 32 basins and subbasins in South America were examined, 18 of which had sufficient data to be amenable to forecasting the field-size distribution of undiscovered oil and gas resources directly by using the Petroconsultants Inc. (1993) field discovery and wildcat drilling data. Overall, ARDS (Ver. 5.0) performed well in estimating the field-size distribution of undiscovered oil and gas resources in the 18 basins and subbasins. The aggregate volume of undiscovered petroleum resources was characterized by using histograms of the distribution of resources and the following five statistics: the mean, the 80% trimmed mean, and the 10,50 (median), and 90 quantiles. More than 38 billion barrels of oil equivalent (BOE) in fields that contain more than one million BOE individually were forecast as remaining to be discovered. The largest basin, the Campos (Brazil), is forecast to contain nearly 10 billion BOE undiscovered resources. The East Venezuela Basin (excluding the Furrial Trend) is forecast to contain about 8 billion BOE; the Austral-Magallanes Basin (Argentina and Chile), about 7 billion BOE; and the Napo (Colombia and Ecuador) and the Neuquen (Argentina) Basins, between 3 billion and 4 billion BOE. A subset of these basins that illustrate the increased flexibility of ARDS are discussed.  相似文献   

Israel's petroleum discovery curve     

Dan Gill 《Natural Resources Research》1992,1(3):231-238

Oil exploration in Israel began in 1953. Until 1991 a total of 263 exploration wells and 122 development wells were drilled, 3 oil fields and 5 gas fields were discovered, and 4 noncommercial oil discoveries and 1 noncommercial gas discovery were made. Proven in-place reserves amount to 70 million barrels of oil equivalent (MMBOE). Exploration focused on six main plays: Syrian Arc anticlines; Mesozoic platform-edge, structural-stratigraphic traps; the Dead Sea graben; Early Mesozoic structures; Saqiye Group biogenic gas; and Hula Group biogenic gas. The more significant discoveries are associated with the first two plays. Ninety percent of the proven reserves were discovered by the first 71 wildcats, which constitute 27 percent of all wildcats drilled to date. During this phase of exploration, the average success was 7 percent, and the average discovery rate was 0.88 MMBOE per wildcat. Most of the following 192 wildcats were dry holes. If, as experts claim, significant reserves are still undiscovered, previous exploration must be deemed inefficient. The quantitative model of the discovery process also leads to such an assessment.  相似文献   

Earth observation metadata ontology model for spatiotemporal-spectral semantic-enhanced satellite observation discovery: a case study of soil moisture monitoring     

Xiaolei Wang  Zeqiang Chen  Xunliang Yang  Jizhen Li 《地理信息系统科学与遥感》2016,53(1):22-44

Monitoring soil moisture with satellite sensors is an effective approach for agricultural drought assessment. Currently, large quantities of sensor-derived observation data with different observation metadata models exist, and they require efficient and accurate methods of discovery. In this study, an earth observation (EO) metadata ontology with a spatiotemporal-spectral-enhanced structure is designed to solve this problem. The ontology is based on the proposed EO metadata model, which is composed of nonfunctional and functional sub-modules and supports the Open Geospatial Consortium EO profile of observations and measurements. Using EO metadata ontology, an application for soil moisture monitoring in Hubei Province in China is tested. The results indicate that metadata retrieval with a spatiotemporal-spectral-enhanced method can efficiently achieve fine-grained discovery of qualified EO metadata and obtain soil moisture monitoring information from sensor images. In summary, the spatiotemporal-spectral semantics in the proposed ontology demonstrate the use of EO metadata in the context of a soil moisture monitoring application, improving the efficiency and accuracy of EO metadata discovery.  相似文献   

明代中国人环球测绘《坤舆万国全图》——兼论《坤舆万国全图》的作者不是利玛窦   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李兆良 《测绘科学》2016,41(7):59-66

通过对详细的地理地名考析,结论是《坤舆万国全图》并非意大利传教士利玛窦根据欧洲世界地图翻译绘制,该地图的地理测绘不是1602年完成,而是1430年左右,即郑和第六次大航海之后。该地图的欧洲部分是1400年以前的地理,中国部分为1430年左右,部分美洲却是1800年以后欧洲人才知道的,与西方公认的地理大发现历史严重冲突。卫匡国的《中国新地图集》不可能是他在中国9年内完成,证明经纬度、球形投影等技术是明代中国人发明的地图绘制技术,不是"西学东渐"。此外,其他明代文化文物在美洲遗存等旁证有力支持地图论据,证明明代中国人比哥伦布先抵美洲,《坤舆万国全图》是中国文献,用现代地图学技术测绘,明代中国人是15世纪世界地理大发现和现代地图学的真正先驱。  相似文献   

Forecasting rates of hydrocarbon discoveries in a changing economic environment     

John H. Schuenemeyer  Emil D. Attanasi 《Marine and Petroleum Geology》1984,1(4):313-318

A method is presented for the estimation of undiscovered oil and gas resources in partially explored areas where economic truncation has caused some discoveries to go unreported; therefore distorting the relationship between the observed discovery size distribution and the parent or ultimate field size distribution. The method is applied to the UK's northern and central North Sea provinces. A discovery process model is developed to estimate the number and size distribution of undiscovered fields in this area as of 1983. The model is also used to forecast the rate at which fields will be discovered in the future. The appraisal and forecasts pertain to fields in size classes as small as 24 million barrels of oil equivalent (BOE). Estimated undiscovered hydrocarbon resources of 11.79 billion BOE are expected to be contained in 170 remaining fields. Over the first 500 wildcat wells after 1 January 1983, the discovery rate in this areas is expected to decline by 60% from 15 million BOE per wildcat well to six million BOE per wildcat well.  相似文献