华南沿海B／M界线附近的群发地质事件   总被引：9，自引：1，他引：9  

朱照宇  张国梅 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》1993,13(3):35-42

在距今0.7Ma的B/M古地磁极性界线附近,华南沿海发生了一系列地质事件,其中包括火山喷发、断裂、褶皱、不整合、侵蚀、玻璃陨石撒落及气候突变事件。这种突发性的事件群是受地球星体运动统一控制的,并具有某种周期性,可与中国北方和其他大陆对比。文中提出了新灾变论的观点。  相似文献   

Disaster prevention design criteria for the estuarine cities: New Orleans and Shanghai The lesson from Hurricane Katrina     

LIU Defu  SHI Hong  PANG Liang 《海洋学报(英文版)》2006,25(4):131-142

The accurate prediction of the typhoon （hurricane） induced extreme sea environments is very important for the coastal structure design in areas influenced by typhoon （hurricane）. In 2005 Hurricane Katrina brought a severe catastrophe in New Orleans by combined effects of hurricane induced extreme sea environments and upper flood of the Mississippi River. Like the New Orleans City, Shanghai is located at the estuarine area of the Changjiang River and the combined effect of typhoon induced extreme sea en- vironments, flood peak runoff from the Changjiang River coupled with the spring tide is the dominate factor for disaster prevention design criteria. The Poisson-nested logistic trivariate compound extreme value distribution （PNLTCEYD） is a new type of joint probability model which is proposed by compounding a discrete distribution （typhoon occurring frequency） into a continuous multivariate joint distribution （ typhoon induced extreme events）. The new model gives more reasonable predicted results for New Orleans and Shanghai disaster prevention design criteria.  相似文献   

地理标签数据的获取与组织管理相关技术的研究     

赵婷  房晓阳  张晶  杨辉  杜福德 《测绘与空间地理信息》2017,(10):64-69

针对地理标签数据和地理标签数据平台的特点,采用主题爬虫技术与API接口技术相结合的方法进行地理标签数据的获取;利用谬值处理、重复事件处理,并构建基于主题和位置的层次结构等方法对地理标签数据进行处理;设计相应的存储模型。最后还通过相应的实验进行对比分析,以此来验证本文相关技术的优越性。  相似文献   

An experimental comparison between KELM and CART for crop classification using Landsat-8 OLI data     

Rei Sonobe  Hiroshi Tani  Xiufeng Wang 《国际地球制图》2017,32(2):128-138

The operational land imager (OLI) is the latest instrument in the Landsat series of satellite imagery, which officially began normal operations on 30 May 2013. The OLI includes two bands that are not on the thematic mapper series of sensors aboard Landsat-5 and 7; a cirrus band and a coastal/aerosol band. This paper compares the classification and regression tree and the kernel-based extreme learning machine (KELM) for mapping crops in Hokkaido, Japan, using OLI data, except the cirrus band and the pan band. The OLI data acquired on 8 July 2013 was used for crop classification of beans, beets, grassland, maize, potatoes and winter wheat. The KELM algorithm performed better in this study and achieved overall accuracies of 90.1%. According to the Jeffries–Matusita (J–M) distances, the short wavelength infrared band provides the greater contribution (the highest value was observed for band 6 in OLI data).  相似文献   

Multi-scale Cyclone Activity in the Changjiang River–Huaihe River Valleys during Spring and Its Relationship with Rainfall Anomalies   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Yujing QIN  Chuhan LU  Liping LI 《大气科学进展》2017,34(2):246-257

Based on the recognition framework of the outermost closed contours of cyclones, an automated identification algorithm capable of identifying the multi-scale cyclones that occur during spring in the Changjiang River–Huaihe River valleys(CHV)were developed. We studied the characteristics of the multi-scale cyclone activity that affects CHV and its relationship with rainfall during spring since 1979. The results indicated that the automated identification algorithm for cyclones proposed in this paper could intuitively identify multi-scale cyclones that affect CHV. The algorithm allows for effectively describing the shape and coverage area of the closed contours around the periphery of cyclones. We found that, compared to the meso- and sub-synoptic scale cyclone activities, the synoptic-scale cyclone activity showed more intimate correlation with the overall activity intensity of multi-scale CHV cyclones during spring. However, the frequency of occurrence of sub-synoptic scale cyclones was the highest, and their effect on changes in CHV cyclone activity could not be ignored. Based on the area of impact and the depth of the cyclones, the sub-synoptic scale, synoptic scale and comprehensive cyclone intensity indices were further defined, which showed a positive correlation with rainfall in CHV during spring. Additionally, the comprehensive cyclone intensity index was a good indicator of strong rainfall events.  相似文献   

Adjusted Daily Rainfall and Snowfall Data for Canada     

Xiaolan L. Wang  Hong Xu  Budong Qian  Yang Feng  Eva Mekis 《大气与海洋》2017,55(3):155-168

This article documents how Environment and Climate Change Canada’s Adjusted Daily Rainfall and Snowfall (AdjDlyRS) dataset was developed. The adjustments include (i) conversion of ruler measurements of snowfall to its water equivalent using a previously developed snow water equivalent (SWE) ratio map for Canada; (ii) corrections for gauge-related issues including undercatch and evaporation caused by wind effects and gauge-specific wetting loss, as well as for trace precipitation amounts, using previously developed procedures for Canada. Various data flags (e.g., accumulation flags) were also treated. This dataset contains all Canadian stations reporting daily rainfall and snowfall for which we have metadata to implement the adjustments. The length of the data record varies from one station to another, starting as early as 1840. The results show that the original unadjusted total precipitation data in Environment and Climate Change Canada’s digital archive underestimate the total precipitation in northeastern Canada by more than 25% and by about 10–15% in most of southern Canada. Such large underestimates make the original data unsuitable for water availability and/or balance studies or for numerical model validation, among many other applications. The use of the assumed 10:1 SWE ratio for the archived total precipitation data is the primary cause of the underestimate, which is most severe in northeastern Canada. The trace correction adds 5–20% to precipitation values in northern Canada but less than 5% in southern Canada. The gauge-related corrections do not show an organized spatial pattern but add 5–10% to the precipitation at 312 stations. Long runs (≥3 months) of miscoded missing values were also identified and corrected.

The latest version of the AdjDlyRS dataset is available from the Canadian Open Data Portal; currently it is version 2016, which contains 3346 stations and covers the period from station inception to February 2016. This dataset is suitable for producing gridded precipitation datasets, as well as other applications.  相似文献   

四川盆地极端暴雨过程基本特征分析   总被引：12，自引：1，他引：11  

肖递祥  杨康权  俞小鼎  王佳津 《气象》2017,43(10):1165-1175

本文利用实况观测资料和NCEP再分析资料,选取1981-2015年四川盆地出现的23次极端暴雨天气个例,分析了其基本气候特征、主要环流形势、影响系统及中尺度对流环境条件,结果表明:(1)大多数极端暴雨都出现在持续性暴雨过程中,且极端暴雨出现前至少12 h已开始出现暴雨,暴雨中心主要出现在盆地西北部和西南部。(2)极端暴雨过程主要出现在500 hPa为"东高西低"型和"两高切变"型这两种环流背景形势下,"东高西低"型过程前24 h内副热带高压将西伸北抬,过程中仍保持稳定甚至会继续西伸北抬,而"两高切变型"过程前24 h内和暴雨过程中,副热带高压动态均无明显规律。(3)有3次极端暴雨过程有登陆台风,其外围环流形成的强水汽输送对暴雨有直接影响,6次过程有远距离海上台风向西或向北移动,对盆地内降水系统东移有一定的阻挡作用,利于强降雨维持。(4)"东高西低"型暴雨主要触发系统是西南低涡和高原低涡,"两高切变"型暴雨主要触发系统是切变线,且700 hPa有冷平流入侵,两种类型暴雨在200 hPa均为南亚高压东北侧的分流辐散区,暴雨中心均位于低层高比湿区和辐合中心,其中"东高西低"型暴雨低层偏南气流更强,暴雨中心主要位于盆地西北部,而"两高切变"型暴雨低层偏南气流更弱,暴雨中心位于盆地西南部的频次更高。(5)极端暴雨过程具有低层高比湿、整层相对湿度大、暖云层厚、CAPE呈狭长形态、垂直风切变小等特征,因此降水效率高,同时850 hPa比湿和假相当位温具有显著正距平,过程结束后850 hPa假相当位温明显下降。并据此建立了四川盆地极端暴雨概念模型,可供今后极端性过程的预报参考。  相似文献   

2016年1月寒潮天气过程极端性分析及集合预报检验   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

陶亦为  代刊  董全 《气象》2017,43(10):1176-1185

利用欧洲中期天气预报中心(ECMWF)再分析资料和集合预报极端天气预报指数（extreme forecast index,EFI）,对2016年1月21—25日强寒潮天气环流异常性和EFI对极端低温事件的预报进行了分析和检验。中亚地区一直维持标准化异常度在3个标准差以上的高压脊,冷涡系统不断发展增强,随着横槽转竖,冷空气爆发南下使得我国中东部出现极端低温。最低温度EFI可以提前7 d预报出低温信号,随着EFI预报时效的延长所对应的最大TS评分随之降低,对不同时效预报需选取合适的EFI阈值。对5%百分位的低温事件短期时效（1~3 d）最低温度EFI临界阈值为-0.6,中期时效（4~7 d）临界阈值为-0.5;对1%百分位的低温事件临界阈值则为-0.7。5%百分位的低温事件各时效最低温度EFI在江南、黄淮、江淮、江汉等地表现最好,华北、华南、西南、西北地区表现次之,在东北地区表现相对较差。  相似文献   

浙江时间多尺度台风暴雨增幅特征的统计研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

余贞寿  冀春晓  董美莹  邱金晶 《气象》2017,43(12):1496-1506

本文提出基于欧拉坐标方法的多时间尺度热带气旋(TC)暴雨增幅及极端暴雨增幅的概念来研究沿海地区TC暴雨增幅,从浙江省内67个国家级台站的整点时刻逐小时降水资料提取1973—2015年影响浙江的135个TC个例的逐1、3、6、12、24 h(1~24 h)降水增量样本,结合TC中心位置和强度信息,统计得到:浙江1~24 h时间分辨率下出现TC极端暴雨增幅阈值分别为29.1、51.9、88.3、103.9和123.9 mm;不同时间分辨率下浙江TC暴雨增幅频次具有比较一致的月际变化、年际变化、长期线性趋势特征,不同时长的TC暴雨增幅的日变化不尽相同;浙江发生TC暴雨增幅和极端暴雨增幅主要出现频率最高的地区是温州南部和台州南部。影响浙江台风9类路径都有可能发生TC暴雨增幅,除了舟山以北登陆类外,其他路径也均有可能发生TC极端暴雨增幅,TC暴雨增幅和TC极端暴雨增幅均以椒江到福清登陆类路径占比最多;TC中心位于浙江温台交界附近和福建东北部沿海时浙江最易发生TC暴雨增幅和极端暴雨增幅;不同分辨率下TC暴雨增幅和TC极端暴雨增幅发生频率最高的离TC中心距离是不同的,但TC暴雨增幅极大值均出现在距离台风中心600~700 km范围内;不同时间分辨率的TC暴雨增幅和TC极端暴雨增幅出现频率最高的是TC的东北象限,其次是西北象限,增幅极大值均出现在东北象限。另外,TC暴雨增幅和极端暴雨增幅均与TC强度有一定关系,从各时长平均来看,最易发生TC暴雨增幅的是强热带风暴级,最易发生TC极端暴雨增幅的是热带低压级。  相似文献   

2015年12月乌鲁木齐极端暴雪成因分析     

许婷婷  张云惠  于碧馨  郑育琳 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2017,11(5):23-29

利用常规观测资料、NCEP FNL（1o×1o）再分析资料以及卫星、雷达资料,对乌鲁木齐2015年12月10日-12日的极端暴雪天气过程的环流演变及暴雪产生和维持的机制进行了初步分析。结果表明：此次暴雪过程是欧洲脊发展推动乌拉尔山地区长波槽东移南压,同时配合低层风场的辐合切变、地面冷锋及地形强迫抬升等共同作用造成此次过程。500hPa偏南气流,700hPa、850hPa的偏北气流在乌鲁木齐的交汇有利于加强冷暖空气的汇合和水汽的聚集,为乌鲁木齐强降雪提供了有利的动力条件。各物理量场的配合及地形作用使得此次乌鲁木齐大暴雪持续时间长,降雪强度大;降雪前期乌鲁木齐逆温使不稳定能量集中释放;散度辐合中心最强时段及上升运动均与降雪时段对应,乌鲁木齐地形引起的强迫抬升为暴雪提供有利的垂直环流;水汽的主要来源为阿拉伯海及孟加拉湾,且水汽在中低层的辐合上升明显,水汽通量散度辐合中心的出现时间对本次乌鲁木齐大暴雪的最强降水时段有很好的指示意义。  相似文献