测量平差抗差化和效率分析     

黄幼才 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》1993,(1)

本文从充分利用可能得到的信息的观点出发,讨论了测量平差的抗差性和优效性及其他们之间的关系。阐述了抗差估计理论和经典估计理论的本质区别。提出了测量平差抗差化的基本原则,并对几种估计的抗差能力和效率作了比较。  相似文献   

北半球月平均环流异常垂直结构的综合分析   总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12       下载免费PDF全文

靳立亚  张邦林  丑纪范 《大气科学》1993,17(3):310-318

本文用一种时空综合的经验正交函数分析方法,对北半球100、500和700hPa三层月平均高度距平场进行展开,得到了不仅能反映各层高度距平场本身的空间结构分布特征,而且能同时反映各层高层距平场之间有机联系的特征向量场.分析结果表明:北半球月平均环流异常在垂直方向上具有明显的相当正压性结构特征.  相似文献   

IMPROVEMENTS TO THE CLASSIFICATION PERFORMANCE OF RDA     

STEFANAEBERHARD  DANNYCOOMANS  OLIVIERDEVEL 《地理学报(英文版)》1993,(2)

Regularized discriminant analysis has proven to be a most effective classifier for problems wheretraditional classifiers fail because of a lack of sufficient training samples,as is often the case in high-dimensional settings.However,it has been shown that the model selection procedure of regularizeddiscriminant analysis,determining the degree of regularization,has some deficiencies associated with it.We propose a modified model selection procedure based on a new appreciation function.By means ofan extensive simulation it was shown that the new model selection procedure performs better than theoriginal one.We also propose that one of the control parameters of regularized discriminant analysis beallowed to take on negative values.This extension leads to an improved performance in certain situations.The results are confirmed using two chemical data sets.  相似文献   

Focal mechanisms of large earthquakes in the South Island of New Zealand: implications for the accommodation of Pacific-Australia plate motion     

Helen Anderson  Terry Webb  James Jackson 《Geophysical Journal International》1993,115(3):1032-1054

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Wavepath traveltime tomography   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

D. W. Vasco  E. L. Majer 《Geophysical Journal International》1993,115(3):1055-1069

The elastic-wave equation is used to construct sensitivity kernels relating perturbations in elastic parameters to traveltime deviations. Computation of the functions requires a correlation of the forward-propagating seismic wavefield with a backward propagation of the residual wavefield. The computation of the wavefields is accomplished using a finite difference algorithm and is efficiently executed on a CM-2 parallel processor. The source and receiver locations have maximum sensitivity to velocity structure. The sensitivity kernels or wavepaths are well suited for transmission traveltime inversion such as cross-borehole tomography and vertical seismic profiling. Conventional ray tomography and wavepath tomography are applied to a set of P -wave arrival times, from a cross-borehole experiment at Kesterson, California. Because the wavepaths have increased sensitivity near the source and receiver there are differences in resolution of the velocity structure. Both techniques recover the same relative variations in velocity where the coverage is adequate. The wavepath solution is more laterally continuous and the dominant variation is vertical, as is expected for the layered sediments in this region.  相似文献   

The magnetotelluric dispersion relations over 2-D structures     

Gaston Fischer  P.-A. Schnegg 《Geophysical Journal International》1993,115(3):1119-1123

The causal properties of the magnetotelluric response, first derived by Weidelt, and Fischer & Schnegg in the 1-D limit, are confirmed numerically in the 2-D limit for the particular structure consisting of two uniform quarter spaces. This finding is of interest from several points of view: (1) the dispersion relations in their 1-D form seem to retain their validity for all 2-D tensor elements, irrespective of any rotation of the coordinate system chosen at the surface; in particular, (2) they appear equally valid for the E- and B-polarization configurations. (3) Whereas the question recently debated in the literature (whether the Earth can always be considered as a linear, passive and causal system) is perhaps not yet entirely resolved, the present empirical demonstration suggests that it may in general be safe to apply the 1-D dispersion relations to structures with 2-D character.  相似文献   

Simple analytical Green's functions for ray perturbations in layered media     

Beverley J. Moore 《Geophysical Journal International》1993,115(3):1137-1142

The total Green's function for two-point boundary-value problems can be related to the propagator for initial-value problems. A very simple expression for the Green's function is obtained when the unperturbed medium may be described by material with a constant gradient in quadratic slowness. The derivation requires a correct understanding of assumptions made in the propagator solution. Expressions are also obtained for Green's function in multilayered media.  相似文献   

Observations of geomagnetic pulsations and variations with a new borehole magnetometer down to depths of 3000 m   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

K. Spitzer 《Geophysical Journal International》1993,115(3):839-848

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A triaxial magnetometer has been developed for investigating the in situ skin effect of horizontal geomagnetic pulsations and variations in deep boreholes. The observations were carried out in the pilot borehole of the Continental Deep Drilling Program of Germany (KTB) down to depths of 3000 m and up to temperature of 90 C. A weak skin effect, due to the known very low conductivity of the penetrated crystalline rocks, of 90 to 95 per cent in amplitude and -5 to -10 rotation in phase has been observed at periods of 10 s and magnetometer depth of 2400 m.
An essential prerequisite for all calculations is the accurate determination of the orientation of the downhole magnetometer. It is demonstrated how oriented record samples of temporal variations at depth correlate precisely with those from the surface.
Results from surface magnetotelluric (MT) investigations show strong local distortions of the telluric field. The distortion of the MT tensor response has been determined by means of newly introduced skin-effect transfer functions, which are assumed to be undistorted.  相似文献   

Late Quaternary kinematics of the Pallatanga strike-slip fault (Central Ecuador) from topographic measurements of displaced morphological features   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Thierry Winter  Jean-Philippe Avouac  Alain Lavenu 《Geophysical Journal International》1993,115(3):905-920

The northeast-trending Pallatanga right-lateral strike-slip fault runs across the Western Cordillera connecting N50E-N70E trending normal faults in the Gulf of Guayaquil with N-S reverse faults in the Interandean Depression. Over most of its length, the fault trace has been partly obscured by erosional processes and can be inferred in the topography only at the large scale. Only the northern fault segment, which follows the upper Rio Pangor valley at elevations above 3600 m, is prominent in the morphology. Valleys and ridges cut and offset by the fault provide an outstanding record of right-lateral cumulative fault displacement. The fault geometry and kinematics of this particular fault segment can be determined from detailed topographic levellings. The fault strikes N30E and dips 75 to the NW. Depending on their size and nature, transverse morphological features such as tributaries of the Rio Pangor and intervening ridges, reveal right-lateral offsets which cluster around 27 ± 11m, 41.5 ± 4 m, 590 ± 65 m and 960 ± 70 m. The slip vector deduced from the short-term offsets shows a slight reverse component with a pitch of about 11.5 SW. The 41.5 ± 4 m displacements are assumed to be coeval with the last glacial termination, yielding a mean Holocene slip-rate of 2.9- 4.6 mm yr⁻¹. Assuming a uniform slip rate on the fault in the long term, the 27 m offset appears to correlate with an identified middle Holocene morphoclimatic event, and the long term offsets of 590 m and 960 m coincide with the glacial terminations at the beginning of the last two interglacial periods.  相似文献   

Reciprocity theorem to compute the static deformation due to a point dislocation buried in a spherically symmetric earth   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Shuhei Okubo 《Geophysical Journal International》1993,115(3):921-928

Intriguing reciprocity relations exist between the static deformation excited by a point dislocation in a SNREI earth and those generated by external forces, such as tidal force, surface loading and surface shear forces. Coseismic deformations can be rewritten as follows: (1) potential change in terms of the tide deformation field, (2) radial displacement in terms of the load and tidal deformation fields, and (3) tangential displacement in terms of shear and torsional deformation fields. The relations greatly reduce the effort to compute the coseismic crustal deformation in a spherically symmetric earth.  相似文献