热带珊瑚的高分辨率环境信息与全球变化研究进展     

刘羿  彭子成  周静  贺剑峰  江玉平  刘桂建 《地球科学进展》2006,21(4):383-393

星罗棋布的热带珊瑚作为海洋环境的信息载体,具有分辨率高、时间跨度大、记录连续完整、体系封闭性好、蕴涵的信息丰富、可选择的代用指标多、测定简便和易于定年等特点。珊瑚有效地记录了全球环境变化的诸多信息,已成为研究过去（如末次间冰期以来）和近代（如数十至数百年以来）的气候—环境变率和可预测性（PAGES CLIVAR）领域重要的环境载体。以全球变化为背景,对近年来珊瑚环境代用指标的研究成果进行评述。重点讨论了珊瑚氧同位素和微量元素比值等指标在海表温度（SST）变化、海气交换程度、季风强弱、厄尔尼诺—南方涛动（ENSO）发生的频率和强度,以及它们之间的相互作用等全球变化的核心问题上的研究进展,并展望了南海珊瑚在高分辨率全球变化研究中的地位与方向。  相似文献   

The impact of atmospheric heat sources over the eastern Tibetan Plateau and the tropical western Pacific on the summer rainfall over the Yangtze-River basin   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

简茂球  乔云亭  袁卓建  罗会邦 《大气科学进展》2006,23(1):149-155

The variability of the summer rainfall over China is analyzed using the EOF procedure with a new parameter （namely, mode station variance percentage） based on 1951-2000 summer rainfall data from 160 stations in China. Compared with mode variance friction, the mode station variance percentage not only reveals more localized characteristics of the variability of the summer rainfall, but also helps to distinguish the regions with a high degree of dominant EOF modes representing the analyzed observational variable. The atmospheric circulation diagnostic studies with the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis daily data from 1966 to 2000 show that in summer, abundant （scarce） rainfall in the belt-area from the upper-middle reaches of the Yangtze River northeastward to the Huaihe River basin is linked to strong （weak） heat sources over the eastern Tibetan Plateau, while the abundant （scarce） rainfall in the area to the south of the middle-lower reaches of the Yangtze River is closely linked to the weak （strong） heat sources over the tropical western Pacific.  相似文献   

Boundary-layer wind structure in a landfalling tropical cyclone   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

唐晓东  谈哲敏 《大气科学进展》2006,23(5):737-749

In this study, a slab boundary layer model with a constant depth is used to analyze the boundary-layer wind structure in a landfalling tropical cyclone. Asymmetry is found in both the tangential and radial components of horizontal wind in the tropical cyclone boundary layer at landfall. For a steady tropical cyclone on a straight coastline at landfall, the magnitude of the radial component is greater in the offshoreflow side and the tangential component is greater over the sea, slightly offshore, therefore the greater total wind speed occurs in the offshore-flow side over the sea. The budget analysis suggests that： （1） a greater surface friction over land produces a greater inflow and the nonlinear effect advects the maximum inflow downstream, and （2） a smaller surface friction over the sea makes the decrease of the tangential wind component less than that over land. Moreover, the boundary layer wind structures in a tropical cyclone are related to the locations of the tropical cyclone relative to the coastline due to the different surface frictions. During tropical cyclone landfall, the impact of rough terrain on the cyclone increases, so the magnitude of the radial component of wind speed increases in the offshore-flow side and the tangential component outside the radius of maximum wind speed decreases gradually.  相似文献   

Impact of the thermal state of the tropical western Pacific on onset date and process of the South China Sea summer monsoon   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

黄荣辉  顾雷  周连童  吴尚森 《大气科学进展》2006,23(6):909-924

Since the early or late onset of the South China Sea summer monsoon （SCSM） has a large impact on summer monsoon rainfall in East Asia, the mechanism and process of early or late onset of the SCSM are an worthy issue to study. In this paper, the results analyzed by using the observed data show that the onset date and process of the SCSM are closely associated with the thermal state of the tropical western Pacific in spring. When the tropical western Pacific is in a warming state in spring, the western Pacific subtropical high shifts eastward, and twin cyclones are early caused over the Bay of Bengal and Sumatra before the SCSM onset. In this case, the cyclonic circulation located over the Bay of Bengal can be early intensified and become into a strong trough. Thus, the westerly flow and convective activity can be intensified over Sumatra, the Indo-China Peninsula and the South China Sea （SCS） in mid-May. This leads to early onset of the SCSM. In contrast, when the tropical western Pacific is in a cooling state, the western Pacific subtropical high anomalously shifts westward, the twin cyclones located over the equatorial eastern Indian Ocean and Sumatra are weakened, and the twin anomaly anticyclones appear over these regions from late April to mid-May. Thus, the westerly flow and convective activity cannot be early intensified over the Indo-China Peninsula and the SCS. Only when the western Pacific subtropical high moves eastward, the weak trough located over the Bay of Bengal can be intensified and become into a strong trough, the strong southwesterly wind and convective activity can be intensified over the Indo-China Peninsula and the SCS in late May. Thus, this leads to late onset of the SCSM. Moreover, in this paper, the influencing mechanism of the thermal state of the tropical western Pacific on the SCSM onset is discussed further from the Walker circulation anomalies in the different thermal states of the tropical western Pacific.  相似文献   

西北太平洋热带气旋强度与环境气流切变关系的气候分析   总被引：5，自引：4，他引：1  

苏丽欣  周锁铨  吴战平  余锦华 《气象科技》2008,36(5):561-566

采用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料和JTwC(美国关岛联合台风警报中心)资料,对1974～2004年5～10月西北太平洋热带气旋(TC)强度和环境风垂直切变进行了趋势特征、振荡周期和空间结构分析.结果表明:西北太平洋热带风暴强度以上TC的最大风速和环境风垂直切变在时间上有相反的变化趋势,弱的环境风垂直切变有利于TC强度的增大;前12 h的环境风垂直切变对TC强度的发展影响最大.环境风垂直切变在两北太平洋TC最强的年份表现为环境风切变值小,TC发生密集;最弱的年份表现为环境风切变值大,TC发生稀疏.  相似文献   

两广地区前、后汛期降水异常反位相现象及可能机理          下载免费PDF全文

王国栋  金大超  陈君芝  周宇欣  管振宇 《大气科学学报》2019,42(6):855-863

利用1961—2018年中国地面气象台站2 400站中广东省和广西壮族自治区(两广地区)134站逐日降水资料、英国Hadley中心逐月海表温度资料、NCEP/NCAR逐月再分析资料,筛选了两广地区前汛期降水正(负)异常、后汛期降水负(正)异常的年份,即前、后汛期降水异常反位相年份。结果表明,近60 a来,两广地区前、后汛期降水反位相现象与热带西太平洋海温异常存在密切联系。前汛期期间,当热带西太平洋海温为负异常时,大气对该冷源的Rossby波响应引起西北太平洋反气旋环流异常,且水汽由热带西太平洋向两广地区输送并辐合,同时两广地区为水汽的湿平流区域、风场异常辐合区域,其上空受异常上升运动控制,这样的环流配置有利于两广前汛期期间降水正异常。热带西太平洋海温负异常可持续至后汛期期间,大气的Rossby波响应所致的西太平洋反气旋较前汛期偏西北,两广地区为水汽异常辐散区域,同时水汽干平流且风场异常辐散,受异常下沉运动控制,不利于两广地区降水的产生。反之亦然。  相似文献   

提高模式分辨率后热带气旋生成迟缓的原因分析          下载免费PDF全文

赵静娴  吴立广  段晶晶 《大气科学学报》2019,42(5):680-694

利用目前国际上最先进的中尺度WRF模式模拟热带气旋生成,网格分辨率从9 km增加到3 km,3 km网格中积云参数化方案不起作用,依靠微物理方案来模拟对流尺度系统特征,模式中热带气旋的生成过程变得迟缓。当低压扰动发展到一定程度后再加入3 km网格,生成过程有加快趋势。本研究针对该现象进行分析。结果表明:只用微物理方案使低层(950～700 hPa)风速的垂直切变减小,不利于对流发展;切变减小主要是由于动量垂直输送项的差异所致。在加入细网格的6 h内,低层对流尺度(减去区域平均)的动量垂直输送量平均增加了一倍,某些时刻达到了5倍以上;动量混合增加是由于微物理方案模拟的垂直速度增加所致。此外,只用微物理方案导致对流有效位能迅速被消耗。低层垂直切变和对流有效位能的减小都不利于对流发展,从而导致热带气旋生成发展过程迟缓。本研究表明,目前WRF中的微物理方案在模拟热带气旋生成过程中的对流发展时仍然存在问题。  相似文献   

Impacts of TRMM SRR assimilation on the numerical prediction of tropical cyclone   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

MA Leiming  QIN Zenghao  DUAN Yihong  LIANG Xudong  WANG Dongliang 《海洋学报(英文版)》2006,25(5):14-26

1 IntroductionObservation of the tropical rainfall is crucial forthe research on tropical weather and climate. Nu-merous studies have shown that the ingestion of rain-fall data into a numerical model can have considera-ble impacts on simulation results(Kr…  相似文献   

0214号热带气旋强度突变的研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王远超 《海洋预报》2006,23(1):44-47

本文通过对0214号“黄蜂”强度变化的研究表明,弱冷空气、中尺度涡旋及副高加强西伸相互作用,导致其周围风场、物理量场、能量场、云系均出现有利结构,从而使其强度发生突变。  相似文献   

2019年《热带地理》办刊进展     

《热带地理》2020,(1):F0004-F0004

2019年11月,《中国学术期刊(光盘版)》电子杂志社有限公司和中国科学文献计量评价研究中心联合发布《中国学术期刊影响因子年报(自然科学与工程技术·2019版)》,数据显示:《热带地理》2018年复合总被引频次为3008次;复合影响因子为1.839,复合他引影响因子1.725,5年影响因子为2.188。2019年12月,《2019版中国科技期刊引证报告(核心版)》在北京发布,数据显示:《热带地理》2018年核心影响因子为0.865,在24种地学类中国科技核心期刊中排名第15位;基于核心总被引频次、核心影响因子、核心他引率、基金论文比、引文率等的综合评价总分在24种地学类核心期刊中排名第6位。  相似文献