Transformation relationship among different magnetic minerals within loess-paleosol sediments of the Chinese Loess Plateau     

QiaoQin Xie  TianHu Chen  XiaoChun Xu  ChengSong Qing  HuiFang Xu  YuBing Sun  JunFeng Ji 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2009,52(3):313-322

The dominant magnetic minerals and carriers of magnetic signals within the Chinese Loess Plateau are magnetite, maghemite, hematite, and goethite. In this study, we investigated the provenance and evolution of magnetic minerals during loess pedogenesis, using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and optical and electron microscopy, including field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). Our results reveal that single- and multiphase mineral assemblages among magnetic minerals in the loess-paleosol sequence have been formed. Partial oxidation of coarse eolian magnetite has occurred in the desert source area and the oxidation degree is enhanced after deposition of the dust upon the Chinese Loess Plateau. This mode of origin resulted in a microtexture consisting of an inner magnetite core surrounded by a hematite rim, and strongly affected the magnetic characteristics of the loess. Goethite coexists with hematite in the loess and paleosol, and nanometer-scale hematite is formed upon goethite rims via dehydration. Our study provides direct mineralogical evidence of the magnetic record and paleoclimatic implications of the loess-paleosol sequence of the Chinese Loess Plateau. Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 40772032 and 40573054) and National Basic Research Program (Grant No. 2007CB815603)  相似文献   

夏季黄海、东海鞭毛虫的丰度与悬浮颗粒物的关系   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

潘科  黄凌风  郭丰  黄邦钦 《海洋学报》2005,27(6):107-115

对2001年8月黄海中部和南部以及东海北部海洋鞭毛虫的丰度及其与悬浮颗粒物的数量关系进行了研究,发现调查区域内的鞭毛虫丰度为44~12 600个/cm3,它们在悬浮颗粒中所占的比例可达60%以上.悬浮颗粒物的粒径谱可以分为平缓型、驼峰型、浮游生物型和混合型.鞭毛虫丰度的变化与悬浮颗粒物的数量分布具有相似的变化趋势,整体上来说,两者数量的相关性显著,而不同的粒径谱类型中,两者的关系有不同的特点.对两者的数量关系进行了初步的探讨,并为今后海域生态调查中鞭毛虫丰度的快速估计提供一条新的途径.  相似文献   

Magnitude-Intensity Relationships in the Ibero-Magrebhian Region     

C. López Casado  S. Molina  J. J. Giner  J. Delgado 《Natural Hazards》2000,22(3):269-294

In this paper we present magnitude (Ms) – magnitude(mb) and magnitude-intensity relationships which areconsidered the most adequate in the Ibero-Maghrebianregion. This work is based on selected samples ofrecently revised events with magnitude mb assigned bythe Instituto Geográfico Nacional (I.G.N.) and Msassigned by I.S.C and N.E.I.C., and isoseismal mapsfrom 142 events. Using these data, we have obtainedone magnitude (Ms) – magnitude (mb) relationship, twomagnitude (mb and Ms) assignment relationships viaepicentral intensity (I₀), and ten magnitude (mb andMs) assignments relationships via macroseismicinformation: four using Ambraseys' methodology (1985)and six using the isoseismal area of degree III, IV and VI.According to the obtained results it could be concluded that historical magnitude assignment with lesser uncertainties are those obtained via macroseismic information using magnitude-intensity relationships with Ambraseys' methodology (1985). The magnitude-isoseismal area assignment relationships have, in most cases, great differences depending on the degree of the isoseismal area used. Magnitude assignments via epicentral intensity have the highest uncertainties. Geographic regionalization of the relationshipshas been studied but the highest correlations and statistical significance are obtained when we fit all the Ibero-Maghrebian region data.Finally we have used the results obtained in this workto assign magnitude to some important historicalearthquakes in the Ibero-Maghrebian region: the 1755Lisbon earthquake, the 1680 Málaga earthquake, the1829 Torrevieja earthquake and the 1884 Arenas del Reyearthquake. According to our relationships andmethodology we have assigned an Ms value of 9.3 ±0.6 to the 1755 Lisbon earthquake (its mb magnitudecannot be estimated due to the saturation of the mbscale), an mb value of 6.3 ±0.4 and an Ms valueof 6.9 ± 0.6 to the 1829 Torrevieja earthquake, anmb value of 6.2 ± 0.4 and an Ms value of 6.4 ±0.6 to the 1680 Málaga earthquake and an mb valueof 6.1 ± 0.4 and an Ms value of 6.5 ± 0.6 tothe 1884 Arenas del Rey earthquake.  相似文献   

复杂线-线对象的拓扑关系描述与计算方法     

吴长彬  闾国年 《地球信息科学学报》2014,16(6):839-845

空间拓扑关系是GIS中空间查询和分析的基础。针对当前空间拓扑关系模型在表达较复杂对象间拓扑关系存在局限性的突出问题,以线对象为实例,根据点集拓扑理论,重新定义和区分线对象的复杂性;以9I模型为基础,提出一种适合二维复杂线对象的拓扑关系的线性序列描述模型,将复杂线-线的拓扑关系表示成基本拓扑关系的组合。分析不同情形下线之间拓扑关系不同的计算方法。为实现复杂线-线拓扑关系的计算,提高扫描线算法的效率,探讨包络矩形粗滤、线节点重合或共线的斜率坐标判断法等改进方法,提出判断线-线是否相交的矢量叉乘法,具有快速高效的特点。最后,通过实验系统导入线坐标串,进行图形绘制、拓扑关系计算并输出结果,从而验证该模型和算法的可行性。  相似文献   

BOOK REVIEWS     

《The Professional geographer》1985,37(1):104-132

Books Reviewed in this article: Lob Trees in the Wilderness . Clifford and Isabel Ahlgren . Satellite Microwave Remote Sensing . T. D. Allan , ed. Sunbelt Cities: Politics and Growth Since World War II . Richard M. Bernard and Bradley R. Rice , eds. Legacy of Minneapolis: Preservation Amid Change . John R. Borchert , David Gebhard , David Lanegran , and Judith A. Martin . Bloomington, MN: Preparing a Historic Preservation Ordinance. Richard J. Roddewig . The Mountains of Northeastern Tasmania, A Study of Alpine Geomorphology . Nel Caine . Introductory Cartography . John Campbell . Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Changing Climate . Manual of Remote Sensing, Second Edition . 2 Vols. Robert N. Colwell , ed.-in-chief; David S. Simonett and John E. Estes , vol. eds. Remote Sensing in Meteorology, Oceanography and Hydrology . A. P. Cracknell , ed. Multidimensional Scaling . Mark L. Davison . Environmental Karst . Percy H. Dougherty , ed. The Urban Environment . Ian Douglas . Geomorphology of Europe . Clifford Embleton , ed. An Introduction to South Asia . B. H. Farmer . Great Geological Controversies . A. Hallam . Hazardous Waste Management: In Whose Backyard? Michalann Harthill , ed. Energy for Subsistence . Margaret Haswell . Perspective on Ratzel's Political Geography . James M. Hunter . Economic Deposits and their Tectonic Setting . Charles S. Hutchison . Energy Risk Assessment . Herbert Inhaber . Discovering the Vernacular Landscape . John Brinckerhoff Jackson . Climate and Energy Systems: A Review of Their Interactions . Jill Jäger . Dilemmas in Regional Policy . Antoni Kuklinski and J. G. Lambooy , eds. California Farmland: A History of Large Agricultural Landholdings . Ellen Liebman . The Spatial Organization of New Land Settlement in Latin America . Jacob O. Maos . Dark Continent: Africa as Seen by Americans . Michael McCarthy . Westport, CT: Climatology: An Introduction . John E. Oliver and John J. Hidore . Columbus, OH: The Geography of Warfare . Patrick O'Sullivan and Jesse W. Miller . The Expanding City. Essays in Honour of Professor Jean Gottmann . John Patten , ed. Scotland's Environment During the Last 30,000 Years . Robert J. Price . Integrated Urban Models . S. H. Putman . Development and the Environmental Crisis: Red or Green Alternatives? Michael Redclift .  相似文献   

海～气耦合振荡的非绝热慢波     

李超  朱方来 《成都信息工程学院学报》1991,(1)

本文从大气能量平衡方程和海温变化方程出发,得到海～气耦合的多频振荡系统,分析此多频系统的特殊频率方程得到: 1)当大气视为非定常,海洋视为定常的情况下,得到的波动本质上是非绝热的Rossby波。 2)当大气定常,海洋非定常的情况下,得到两类性质相异的波动;一类是周期为准半年(4～9月)的非绝热慢波,另一类是周期为准两年(2～3年)的非绝热慢波;两类慢波的传播方向完全相反,准两年波比准半年波传播得更慢(两者几乎相差一个量级)。  相似文献   

Feedback Mechanisms For The Atmosphere And Ocean Surface   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Yaocun Zhang  William Perrie 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2001,100(2):321-348

Two kinds of feedback mechanisms in the coupling process between the atmosphere and ocean surface are identified in this paper. One is a negative feedback mechanism, which is effective in the dynamic interaction processes through momentum flux exchange. In this mechanism,the ocean extracts momentum from the atmosphere as a forcing field to generate waves, which decelerates atmospheric motions, lessening the intensity of synoptic systems. The second is a positive feedback mechanism, which is effective in the thermal interaction processes through heat flux exchange. This is a mechanism that is effective in the transport of sensible and latent heat fluxes to the atmosphere from the underlyingocean surface. As a result, the atmosphere obtains energy from the ocean, which intensifies atmospheric motions. For storm conditions typical of North Atlantic mid-latitudes, we consider these thermal and dynamical nteractions, the dominance of one over the other, and related implications for storm intensification.  相似文献   

Evaluation of Haney-Type Surface ThermalBoundary Conditions Using a CoupledAtmosphere and Ocean Model     

Peter C. Chu  Chen Yuchun  Lu Shihua 《大气科学进展》2001,18(3):355-375

A coupled atmosphere-ocean model developed at the Institute for Space Studies at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (Russell et al., 1995) was used to verify the validity of Haney-type surface thermal boundary condition, which linearly connects net downward surface heat flux Q to air / sea temperature difference △T by a relaxation coefficient k. The model was initiated from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) atmospheric observations for 1 December 1977, and from the National Ocean Data Center (NODC) global climatological mean December temperature and salinity fields at 1° ×1° resolution. The time step is 7.5 minutes. We integrated the model for 450 days and obtained a complete model-generated global data set of daily mean downward net surface flux Q, surface air temperature TA,and sea surface temperature To. Then, we calculated the cross-correlation coefficients (CCC) between Q and △T. The ensemble mean CCC fields show (a) no correlation between Q and △T in the equatorial regions, and (b) evident correlation (CCC≥ 0.7) between Q and △T in the middle and high latitudes.Additionally, we did the variance analysis and found that when k= 120 W m-2K-1, the two standard deviations, σQ and σk△T, are quite close in the middle and high latitudes. These results agree quite well with a previous research (Chu et al., 1998) on analyzing the NCEP re-analyzed surface data, except that a smaller value of k (80 W m-2K-1) was found in the previous study.  相似文献   

滇中南无量山种子植物区系联系及其地位     

彭华  吴征镒 《山地学报》1997,(3)

无量山种子植物区系迄今为止含207科,1027属,2548种,极其丰富,通过对区系相似性系数、云南各自然小区的共有种频率以及中国特有属三方面的分析,把无量山置于东亚植物区的中国-喜马拉雅森林植物亚区的云南高原地区。  相似文献   

陕西秦巴火山岩的分布特征及其与成矿的关系   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王清廉 《陕西地质》1992,(2)

陕西秦巴区元古宙和早古生代火山活动强烈,火山岩发育。经研究,其火山岩形成机制,多与裂谷构造有关。这些火山岩中与之相关的矿产有钼、铼、钨、金、铅、银、锌、铜、铁、金红石及有关的非金属矿等。本文从该区火山岩的特征出发,分析其所产出的大地构造环境,并探讨火山岩与矿产之间的关系,最后提出进一步找矿的建议。  相似文献