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Fertilizers and liming agents are generally used to achieve optimal economic yields. However, several negative effects of long‐term annual fertilization of nitrogen (N) in particular have been observed, such as reduced cation exchange capacity and decreased base saturation, which may stimulate accelerated leaching loss of other nutrients. Equilibrium‐tension lysimeters installed at a depth of 1.4 m were used to evaluate leaching of soil‐solution ionic constituents from a tallgrass prairie restoration and optimally and deficiently N‐fertilized, no‐tillage (NT) and chisel‐plowed (CP) maize (Zea mays L.) agroecosystems on Plano silt loam soil (fine‐silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Argiudoll). This study was conducted in south‐central Wisconsin, USA during a 1‐year period of above‐normal precipitation between January 2000 and January 2001. The loss of soluble constituents added to agroecosystems to maintain adequate soil fertility and pH, such as N, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and magnesium, was generally numerically smaller from the natural prairie 25 years after conversion from cultivated agriculture than from optimally and deficiently N‐fertilized, NT and CP maize agroecosystems, though the differences were not significant. Tillage and fertilizer N‐rate generally did not significantly affect drainage, ionic concentrations, or their leaching losses in the maize agroecosystems, though all parameters evaluated tended to be numerically smaller in the deficiently than optimally N‐fertilized maize agroecosystems. Nitrate‐N leaching losses were generally significantly positively correlated with leaching losses of K, Ca, Mg, and Na in the maize agroecosystems, but not for the prairie, indicating that nitrate‐N leaching plays a significant role in the concomitant loss of cations to maintain soil‐solution charge balance in N‐fertilized maize agroecosystems in a temperate environment. 相似文献
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"红肉病"文蛤(Meretrix meretrix Linnaeus)中发现的3种病毒样颗粒 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
本文报道了在患“红肉病”文蛤组织中发现的 3种病毒样颗粒。 1种主要存在于鳃上皮下的结缔组织中 ,呈球形或椭球形 ,大小 (5 0～ 6 0 ) nm× (5 0～ 110 ) nm,无囊膜包裹。另 1种为球形 ,直径 16 0～ 180 nm,有囊膜 ,存在于外套膜上皮细胞及结缔组织细胞质中。第 3种存在于消化盲囊上皮细胞质内 ,为无囊膜包裹的球形病毒样颗粒 ,直径为 5 0～ 80 nm。 相似文献
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泥蚶的性腺发育和生殖周期 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
根据生殖细胞发育的宏观和组织切片观察以及各期生殖细胞在滤泡中所占的比例，泥蚶的生殖腺发育过程分为增殖期、生长期、成熟期、排放期和休止期五个阶段。按肥满度的变化并结合性腺组织切片确定，泥蚶的性晚发育在青岛海区一年一个周期。繁殖期在７月上旬至８月下旬，繁殖盛期在７月中旬至８月中旬。至少有二次集中排放过程。 相似文献
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采用垂直板聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术,对硬壳蛤5种组织(足、外套膜、闭壳肌、鳃和肝)的酯酶(EST)、苹果酸脱氢酶(M DH)和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)同工酶进行了比较研究,并对酶谱表型及位点表达进行了分析。结果表明,硬壳蛤上述组织的EST和M DH同工酶存在不同程度的组织特异性,而LDH没有组织特异性。在EST酶谱中,肝组织染色最深,说明其EST活性最高,这与肝脏为重要的消化腺和解毒器官相适应。在M DH酶谱中发现了s-M DH和m-M DH所形成的谱带,闭壳肌的M DH谱带染色很深,这与肌肉需要由三羧酸循环提供大量ATP相适应。 相似文献
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Irrigated agriculture is causing certain deterioration of the quality of rivers and aquifers. The objective of this study
is to analyse the agri-environmental repercussions caused by climatic changes in a typical irrigated land in the Ebro valley
(Spain). The irrigation efficiency and agri-environmental impact in a basin of irrigated land (95 ha) were compared for two
hydrological years with different pluviometry [October 2000/September 2001 (526 mm/year) vs. October 2004/September 2005 (211 mm/year)].
For this end, water balances were carried out in every plot and the quantity and quality (salinity and nitrates) of the water
circulating through the drainage of the basin were gauged. The results indicate that in 2004/2005 farmers adjusted the irrigation
doses better on each irrigation occasion, thus diminishing the fraction of drainage of the same (50% vs. 31%) and increasing
the consumptive water use efficiency (56% vs. 79%). Nevertheless, the drought of 2004/2005 determined inappropriate irrigation
management as the crops suffered a greater hydric deficit (3% vs. 23%). In 2004/2005, drainage waters presented higher electric
conductivity (0.92 dS/m vs. 0.94 dS/m) and smaller nitrate concentration (96 mg/l vs. 74 mg/l). Last year, 55, 54 and 65%
less of water, salts and N–NO3−, respectively, were exported in the drainage. The lesser environmental impact in the year 2004/2005 was influenced by more
appropriate use of water and agrichemical resources. Nevertheless, it is necessary to continue optimizing agricultural practices,
mainly irrigation and fertilization, in order to minimize nitrate pollution and to confront years of drought. 相似文献
27.
基于线粒体16S rRNA 基因研究5 个栉江珧野生群体的遗传多样性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用通用引物对山东长岛、文登、日照、广东湛江和海南三亚等5个地理群体栉江珧(Atrina pectinta)16S rRNA序列进行扩增、测序分析,得到59条441bp的核苷酸序列.其中T、C、A、G和A+T的平均含量分别为29.91%、17.41%、25.74%、26.94%及55.65%, AT含量高于GC含量,共检测到了9个单倍型和26个核苷酸多态位点.群体多样性分析表明,文登群体具有较高的遗传多样性水平.AMOVA 分析表明,五群体间总遗传分化系数Fst =0.5007(P<0.001),群体间遗传分化略大于群体内、群体间存在较高的遗传分化.基于群体间遗传距离构建NJ和UPGMA分子进化树,5个地理群体的栉江珧聚为两个支,长岛、文登、日照群体聚为一支,海南和湛江群体聚为另一支. 相似文献
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研究了在人工条件下,鲻鱼MugilcephalusLinnaeus幼体各部分形态、器官的发育时间、行为、营养和变态特点,划分了发育期。仔鱼在生长过程常因畸形、损伤和消化不良而死亡;生长差异则存在于整个发育期,并且差异随时间延长而增大。同时,对鲻鱼早期发育的生物学特点、疾病、变态危险期和生长差异等进行了讨论,指出鲻鱼与环境和饲育条件之间的生态生理关系,以及这种关系对鲻鱼生长和存活的影响。 相似文献
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采用罗丹明123(Rh123)和碘化丙啶(PI)两种荧光染料对栉江珧(Atrina pectinata)精子线粒体活性进行检测,比较不同染液浓度和染色时间的检测效果,并用该方法检测和比较超低温冷冻保存对线粒体活性的影响。结果显示:Rh123和PI染色的最适染液浓度均为10μg/mL,染色时间控制在10 min之内;染色后具有线粒体活性的精子发出绿色荧光,死精子发出红色荧光,质膜受损但线粒体还未受损的精子发出红绿色荧光,表明Rh123和PI双荧光染色检测栉江珧精子线粒体活性是可行的;精液经冷冻后,线粒体活性为61.9%、质膜完整率56.8%,显著低于新鲜精液组(95.3%、93.5%),表明冷冻对精子结构会造成不同程度的损伤,Rh123和PI双荧光染色法可用来检测栉江珧精子质量。 相似文献