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51.
Graphitic carbon is a widespread precipitate in terrestrial and extraterrestrial samples. However it has a range of possible origins, which can be difficult to distinguish, including the in situ alteration of organic matter, thermal alteration of hydrocarbons, and precipitation from C–O–H fluids. Petrographic characteristics help to understand the origin of the graphite, including relationships with rock fabric, paragenetic sequences and evidence for fluid mobility. Characterization of a range of terrestrial samples will allow better interpretation of the petrography of carbon in extraterrestrial samples. In particular, improved petrographic data from carbonaceous chondrites and ureilite meteorites should help to distinguish the origin of carbon in their parent bodies. 相似文献
52.
云南大坪金矿含金石英脉中高结晶度石墨包裹体:下地壳麻粒岩相变质流体参与成矿的证据 总被引：12，自引：5，他引：12
石墨作为各种岩浆岩和变质岩的副矿物可作为主岩形成条件的指示剂。本文利用激光拉曼光谱分析在大坪金矿含金脉石英中发现了大量孤立的石墨固体包裹体,进一步利用激光拉曼光谱和显微测温分析了其寄主矿物的流体包裹体特征,据此探讨了这些石墨包裹体的形成条件和本区成矿流体的来源。结果表明:所有大坪石墨的拉曼光谱都在1576~1580cm-1处出现尖锐的有序O峰,而绝大多数在1355cm-1附近不出现无序的D锋,表明这些石墨具有完全有序结构和完好的结晶度;其寄主矿物流体包裹体主要是纯CO2包裹体和富CO2包裹体。根据大坪石墨的拉曼光谱D:O峰强度比,估计这些石墨形成于麻粒岩相变质温度条件下,与石英中富CO2流体包裹体的均一温度(300.0~420.0℃)极不相称;含金石英脉中包裹体的类型和成分也表明本区不存在从流体中直接沉淀石墨的物理化学条件,因此推测这些石墨形成于下地壳麻粒岩相变质环境下。本区喜马拉雅期切割较深的韧性剪切带从下地壳麻粒岩相变质基底中汲取大量富CO2的流体的同时,还从下地壳携带微粒石墨,富含CO2和高结晶度石墨的成矿流体沿剪切带上升,并在闪长岩体内脆性断裂中沉淀成矿。本文的研究成果再次证实了下地壳流体对大坪金矿成矿的贡献。 相似文献
53.
M.K.Panigrahi S.Gupta 《岩石学报》2007,23(1):53-64
Archean greenstone belts and Proterozoic granulite mobile belts are products of fundamentally different tectonic processes that culminated in different levels of crustal incision.The present study focuses on graphite-bearing fluid inclusions from two such terrains in India,the Angul domain of Eastern Ghats Mobile Belt and Hutti-Maski schist belt of the eastern Dharwar greenstone-granite belt.In beth cases,a high population of such inclusions within the fluid inclusion assemblage rules out the possibility of graphite being a captive phase,and instead confirms that it was deposited by the fluid within the inclusion cavity.Graphite is usually observed to be occurring with either pure water or a pure carbonic( CO_2 only)liquid,or with a CH_4 dominated carbonic liquid without vapor at room temperature.Graphite precipitation in inclusions is brought about by reaction of the CO2 and CH4 trapped as a homogeneous fluid to give rise to H_2O and C(graphite).Molar volume calculations for the CO_2-CH_4 mixture assuming an appropriate PVTX relationship indicates that there is a substantial increase in volume with decreasing pressure at a given temperature.The reaction producing graphite and H_2O from CH_4 and CO_2 involves substantial volume reduction,and hence would be favored when the rock undergoes rapid exhumation.Graphite-beating inclusions in quartz in a late-stage leucosome from migmatites in the Angul domain of the EGMB are accompanied by other fluid inclusion evidence for isothermal decompression.In the Hutti-Maski schist belt of the eastern Dharwar Craton,graphite-bearing inclusions occur in structurally controlled quartz veins(often auriferous)within metamorphosed mafic volcanics(schists and amphibolites).The Raman spectra indicate that graphites in fluid inclusions from the Hutti-Maski schist belt have both ordered(O)and the disordered(D)peaks,whereas those from the Angul area of EGMB lack the disordered(D)peaks, with both having perfectly symmetrical‘S’peak.This implies that in both belts,exhumation from the burial depth maxima was a rapid process.However,the Hutti-Maski schist belt experienced a lower amount of uplift than the Angul domain,where the driving mechanism led to a deeper level of incision.This difference in the extent and rate of exhumation is speculated to be related to a fundamental difference in the nature of tectonism.A more detailed comparative study of the fluid inclusion characteristics would possibly throw more light on the changing tectonic style from the Archean to the Proterozoic,a topic that is extensively debated. 相似文献
54.
A. G. Doroshkevich F. Wall G. S. Ripp 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2007,153(3):339-353
A recently discovered dolomite carbonatite at Pogranichnoe, North Transbaikalia, Russia, dated at 624 ± 3 Ma, contains xenoliths
of calcite-bearing dolomite carbonatite with graphite spherulites. Apatite and aegirine are the other rock-forming minerals.
Chemically the carbonatites are ferrocarbonatite and ferruginous calciocarbonatite. The graphite forms <1 mm up to 1.5 mm
diameter spherulites, with Raman spectra similar to published spectra of microcrystalline, amorphous carbon and disordered
graphite, with G and D bands at 1,580−1,600 cm−1 and at around 1,350 cm−1. Alteration has formed Fe-bearing calcite to Ca-bearing siderite compositions not previously reported in nature around the
graphite along cracks and fractures. Mineral and stable isotope geothermometers and melt inclusion measurements for the carbonatite
all give temperatures of 700°–900°. It is concluded that the graphite precipitated from the ferrocarbonatite magma. There
are three candidates to control the precipitation of graphite (a) a redox reaction with FeII in the magma, (b) potential presence of organics in the magma (c) seeding of, or dissolution in, the magma of graphite/diamond
from the mantle, and further work is required to identify the most important mechanism(s). Graphite in carbonatite is rare,
with no substantial published accounts since the 1960s but graphite at other localities seems also to have precipitated from
carbonatite magma. The precipitation of reduced carbon from carbonatite provides further evidence that diamond formation in
carbonate melts at high mantle pressures is feasible. 相似文献
55.
石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定地质样品中的痕量铂、钯 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文提出了用717阴离子交换树脂富集铂、钯的石墨炉原子吸收光谱分析方法。对富集铂、钯的条件,共存离子的干扰情况以及在GF-2000型石墨炉中测定铂、钯的最佳条件进行了研究。样品用王水分解后,在10％的王水介质中,用717阴离子交换树脂富集铂、钯,以热的硫脲溶液解脱,在拟定的工作条件下,于石墨炉原子吸收光谱仪上进行测定,大量的共存离子不干扰测定。方法简便快速,检出限分别为Pt8.8×10~(-9)g/ml,Pd3.4×10~(-9)g/ml,方法的相对标准偏差分别为Pt7.09％Pd11.48％,适用于地质样品中铂、钯的测定,结果令人满意。 相似文献
56.
应用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法(GFAAS)测定煤、地球化学样品、土壤、空气等不同基质中的铍,关键是基体改进剂的选择问题。本文采用一体化平台石墨管,通过缓慢升温燃烧灰化煤炭样品,在硝酸介质中,比较了7种基体改进剂(硝酸镧、硝酸镁、硝酸铝、磷酸氢二铵、氯化钯、碳酸钙、酒石酸)对煤样中铍的增敏效果,同时探讨了基体干扰及消除的问题。实验结果表明,在2%的硝酸介质中,以硝酸镧为基体改进剂,石墨炉灰化温度提高到1100℃,原子化温度仅为2300℃时,即可消除基体中铝、铁、钙、镁、磷等共存元素的干扰。铍的浓度在0~8μg/L范围内线性关系良好,方法检出限为0.008μg/g,定量限为0.025μg/g,精密度(RSD,n=11)为1.8%~2.8%,标准样品的测定值在给定值的误差范围内。其作用机理是镧与干扰元素结合生成了热稳定的难熔、难蒸发、难解离的化合物,将铍释放出来,镧起到既提高灰化温度,又相对降低原子化温度的双重作用,消除了基体干扰的同时,又延长了石墨管使用寿命。本方法操作简单,无需对石墨管预处理,降低了检测成本,具有很强的稳定性和适应性,适用于煤中铍的测定。 相似文献
57.
58.
The Liaoning Province in the northeastern part of the North China Craton(NCC) hosts several tremolite jade(nephrite) deposits. Here we investigate the Sangpiyu tremolite jade deposit where the relationship between abundant graphite inclusions within the jade remains enigmatic. We employ petrography, electron probe microanalysis, X-ray-diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy to characterize the tremolite jade and its inclusion minerals. The Sangpiyu jade is predominately composed of tremolite with minor calcite, dolomite, serpentine, titanite, zoisite, allanite, chlorite,apatite, chromite and graphite. Raman spectroscopy of graphite inclusions shows that the D1/G intensity ratio ranges from 0.78 to 0.88 in deep green samples and from 0.05 to 0.23 in dark green samples. The ranges of D1/(D1 + G) integral area ratio for these types are from 0.0548 to 0.3037 and 0.5528 to 0.7355 respectively. The formation temperature of graphite inclusions in the dark green tremolite jade is computed as 549.8 ℃, whereas that for the deep green sample is about343.2 ℃. Our results suggest that the jade formation occurred in a multi-stage process through the action of hydrothermal fluids and metamorphism possibly in a subduction-related setting at moderate to high temperatures. 相似文献
59.
60.