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91.
92.
Deep sea drilling in the Central Gulf of California, a young and active spreading centre, shows that the high heat flow typical of these regions causes extensive alteration of sediment organic matter, especially near sills and above magma chambers where hydrothermal activity is concentrated. Even on the nearby passive margin, where there are no sills, heat flow is moderately high and hydrocarbon generation has begun in immature sequences. Migrating light hydrocarbons are detected especially where hydrothermal activity is concentrated. Thermogenic methane is more widespread, though not in the passive margin bordering the spreading centre. Despite the incidence of hydrocarbon generation and migration, the amounts of hydrocarbons involved are relatively small and apparently do not lead to commercially significant accumulations of petroleum.The organic matter in these sediments is mostly marine because the Gulf of California generally has low runoff from land and highly productive surface waters. Turbidites rich in terrigenous organic material are locally abundant in the mainly pelagic section in the Guaymas Basin. The highest concentrations of organic matter are found in laminated diatomites deposited on the Guaymas passive margin within the oxygen minimum zone. 相似文献
93.
提出了混合型单调算子对的概念,并给出了其不动点的存在唯一性;研究了它在微分方程组的具体应用. 相似文献
94.
对海水中Zn(Ⅱ),Ca(Ⅱ),Cd(Ⅱ)与高岭石、伊利石和蒙脱石等粘土矿物;无定形水合氧化铁、α-FeOOH等铁的水合氧化物;δ-MaO_2,γ-MnOOH,水锰矿等锰的水合氧化物等30个左右实验体系的液-固界面台阶型动力学曲线进行了系统的实验测定和全面的条件研究。在实验测定上提出两种方法、互为校核。对动力学曲线之台阶的消长和变化规律作了系统研究,确定主要影响因素是:金属离子初始浓度、固体交换剂量、体系的pH值和温度,以及搅拌速度等。 相似文献
95.
Considerable metal enrichments have been found in hydrothermal fluids and metalliferous sediments off the central Lesser Antilles Volcanic Arc. The elements variably enriched in the fluids as a result of the hydrothermal activity are Fe, Mn, As, Si, B, Li and in the sediments, Fe, P, Mo, As, Sb, Hg, Cu and Pb. Variations in the concentrations of these elements in both fluids and sediments along the arc result from a number of factors, the most important of which is the stage that each island's volcano has reached in its eruptive cycle. Although hydrothermal mineralization on the sea floor off the islands is only low grade, phase separation in the hydrothermal fluids at depth could be leading to higher grade stockwork mineralization below the vent fields or the discharge of metal rich brines on the lower flanks of the volcanic islands. 相似文献
96.
水成沉积与风成沉积及古土壤的磁组构特征 总被引:14,自引:2,他引:14
晚第四纪水成沉积、风成沉积、古土壤等的磁组构研究表明,不同成因的沉积物具有明显不同的磁组构特征。一般地,水成沉积的体积磁化率K受物源和水动力因素控制,P和F均>1.02,q<0.5;风成沉积的K受物源控制,内陆黄土的K明显高于沿海黄土及海岸风沙K,P和F均<1.02,q的平均值>0.55;古土壤的K受母质沉积类型和成土环境的氧化还原条件控制,内陆古土壤的K偏高,沿海古土壤的K偏低,内陆古土壤的K远高于沿海古土壤的K,P和F均<1.02,q的平均值在0.5左右。运用典型沉积的磁组构特征对比分析未知沉积物,可以得到未知沉积物的物源、沉积过程和环境信息。 相似文献
97.
冲绳海槽热流机制浅析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
冲绳海槽是一个高热流区,平均热流值极高,但不均匀,实测最小值与最大值相差三个数量级以上,结合海槽地区的构造和地球物理特征,探讨了导致这一高而分散热流特征的多种因素。包括异常壳幔结构。海底热液循环以及地下水对流等,并分析了相应的控制机制。 相似文献
98.
Distribution of dissolved species and suspended particulate copper in an intertidal ecosystem affected by copper mine tailings in Northern Chile 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The coastline near Chañaral in Northern Chile is one of the most highly Cu-contaminated zones in the world due to discharges from mining activities for more than 60 years. The speciation of Cu has been studied to determine the importance of organic complexation in highly contaminated areas, and to assess the likely physiological impacts of Cu on marine organisms. Dissolved Cu concentrations of up to 500 nM were measured, completely saturating organic ligands and leading to free Cu2+ concentrations in excess of 10− 8 M. These values are higher than those reported in any other marine environment, and because they occur over an extensive area, provide a unique opportunity to study the effects of Cu on marine ecosystems and to see how Cu behaves when its speciation is predominantly inorganic. We found strong gradients in free Cu2+ between Chañaral and adjacent areas with lower Cu, where speciation is dominated by organic complexation. There is also a significant increase in the partitioning of Cu onto suspended particles in the contaminated areas, consistent with previous studies that showed that organic ligands stabilize Cu in the dissolved phase, whilst “excess” Cu is rapidly scavenged. Those high dissolved Cu concentrations persist in spite of solid phase partitioning and advective processes along this open-ocean coastline, suggesting that Cu inputs into the system are still very large. Measurements were made using anodic stripping voltammetry with a thin mercury film coated with Nafion, which previous workers have shown can mitigate ambiguity in the data arising from inadvertent reduction of organic complexes. Our findings suggest that this is a useful methodology for contaminated systems. 相似文献
99.
100.
南海西南部新生代盆地类型及演化历史 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
南海西南部地区发育了多种类型的新生代沉积盆地,各种类型的盆地具有各自的结构特征和演化历史,走滑-周缘前陆盆地-曾母盆地发育了渐新-中中新统层系,晚中新统层系和上新-第四系层系第三套地层,曾母盆地经历了三个发育阶段,拉张剪切盆地-万安盆地发育下第三系-下渐新统层系,上渐新统一中中新统层系和上中新统一第四系层系三套地层,万安盆地经历了四个发育阶段。 相似文献