b-value and fractal dimension variations in Iran     

Alireza Firoozfar  Bahman Ansari 《地震科学（英文版）》2019,32(2):57-63

Iran sits on a region with a high intrinsic level of seismic activity due to its tectonic setting. Through statistical examination of the earthquakes listed in the catalogue from International Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Seismology (IIEES), this research attempted to calculate some seismicity factors and find correlation between them. A preliminary analysis indicated changes in the b-value of the Gutenberg-Richter relationship over the study region. Thus, the study area was divided into five zones (Alborz, Zagros, Azerbaijan, Central and East) and b-value was computed for each zone. Considering faulting mechanism styles and the b-values in the region, it was found that the lowest b-values belong to the thrust events and strike-slip faulting earthquakes have intermediate values. These findings support previous studies. Furthermore, results of b-value calculation were used for the estimation of accumulated differential stresses (σ₁–σ₂) over each zone. Overall, the b-value for Iran is averagely low which signifies the high stress tectonic regime in this region. Also, by having calculated fractal dimension (D) in each zone, a correlation obtained showing that in Iran region, the b-value correlates to fractal dimension by D = 4.2b–2 relation which does not support Aki's (1981) speculation of D = 3b/c.  相似文献   

Spatial distribution,fractionation and ecological risk assessment of potentially toxic metals in bottom sediments of the Zarivar freshwater Lake (Northwestern Iran)     

《Limnologica》2020

Freshwater lakes are one of the most vulnerable ecosystems to environmental contamination. This study was initiated to assess the spatial distribution, fractionation, ecological risk of selected potentially toxic metals (Pb, Zn, Cu, Cr, and Ni) in bottom sediments of the Zarivar lake, the second largest freshwater lake in Iran. The results revealed that Pb, Zn and Cu had the high spatial variability (coefficient of variation >50) across the sampling sites and their maximum concentrations (197.5 for Pb, 198.7 for Zn and 185.6 mg/kg for Cu) were observed in sampling sites from the northern, western and eastern margins of the lake. Cr and Ni with average concentrations of 28.3 and 31.38 mg/kg respectively, exhibited low spatial variability (coefficient of variation <20) and their concentrations did not vary significantly among the sampling sites. Based on the redundancy analysis (RDA), sediment organic matter was strongly correlated with Pb, Zn and Cu while Fe₂O₃ and Al₂O₃ showed a positive correlation with Ni and Cr. The calculated average enrichment factor (EF) and geoaccumulation index (I_geo) showed that the contamination level of metals can be arranged in the following order of Pb> Cu > Zn > Cr > Ni. Results from the modified five-step sequential extraction analysis indicated that 40 % of total Pb and Zn were associated with the reducible fraction, 45 % of Cu with the oxidizable fraction and more than 80 % of total Ni and Cr were retrieved from the residual fraction. It was also noticed that Pb, Zn and Cu were more incorporated into the non-residual fractions in the sites with a higher total concentration of these metals, suggesting that both total concentration and fractionation behavior of metals were influenced by their potential sources in the study area. Ecological risk assessment using the potential ecological risk index (PERI) and the modified potential ecological risk index (MPERI) showed that sediments from the eight sampling sites pose a moderate to considerable risk whereas the other sites had low ecological risk level. In comparison to sediment quality guidelines (SQGs), the effects range low (ERL) and probable effect level (PEL) values for Pb, Cu and Zn were exceeded at some sampling sites while Ni and Cr concentrations were found to be below or close to their SQGs values at all the sampling sites. Pb was generally identified as the contaminant of most concern in the study area. Taking into account the results obtained from the fractionation study and the source contribution estimate, it can be inferred that the Pb, Zn and Cu with the average contribution of 79, 54 and 64 % respectively, were mainly derived from anthropogenic sources whereas Ni and Cr with the estimated contribution of 80 and 89 % were predominately from the lithogenic source.  相似文献   

“一带一路”背景下的中国与伊朗贸易结构与潜力分析     

任梦茹  陈俊华  宋永通 《世界地理研究》2019,28(5):54-64

“一带一路”倡议为中国与沿线国家的贸易提供了一个新的平台。伊朗是“一带一路”倡议的节点国家,研究中伊贸易结构与潜力不仅可以深化两国经贸合作,更有助于推动我国与“一带一路”沿线国家贸易往来。基于此,该文利用2010—2016年中伊双边贸易数据,结合比较优势指数、互补性指数以及劳伦斯指数,从多个角度深入分析两国贸易的结构;其次通过建立引力模型,评估中伊双边贸易潜力。研究结果表明：1）2010—2016年中国对伊朗出口贸易额增加48.01%,促使双边贸易逐渐趋于平衡;2）伊朗较好地发挥了对中贸易的互补优势,而中国未能发挥对伊贸易中石料等产品的互补优势;3）中伊双边贸易产品出口结构年际变化呈明显不规律性;4）中伊贸易潜力缩小16.89%,双边商品贸易发展空间有限,需要开拓新的贸易类型。研究认为未来中伊两国需要建立贸易应急备案,增强贸易互信,加大文化交流,借助“一带一路”平台实现创新驱动,寻求双边贸易新的增长点。  相似文献