土地资源的动态监测和动态模拟研究   总被引：18，自引：3，他引：15  

崔伟宏  张显峰 《地球信息科学学报》2002,4(1):79-85

本文结合国家“九五”攻关项目 ,介绍了有关利用 3S技术进行县级土地资源动态监测的最新研究成果 ;将细胞自动机 (Cellular Automaton,CA )与 GIS系统集成 ,构建了基于 CA的土地利用演化模型.  相似文献   

内蒙古半干旱草原土壤－植被－大气相互作用综合研究   总被引：20，自引：1，他引：19  

吕达仁  陈佐忠  陈家宜  王庚辰  季劲钧  陈洪滨  刘钟龄 《气象学报》2005,63(5):571-593

为深化对中纬度半干旱草原气候-生态相互作用过程、机制及其对全球变化的响应与贡献的认识,一项名为“内蒙古半干旱草原土壤-植被-大气相互作用(IMGRASS)”的基金重大项目于1997~2001年在内蒙古锡林郭勒草原执行。IMGRASS计划在1998年草原生长季节在所选定的以典型草原为主,包括草甸草原、稀疏沙地草原等在内的中尺度试验区开展了多点、多要素的综合观测。观测内容包括土壤、植被、大气的相关要素和发生于地-气界面的潜热、感热通量,还包括N2O,CH4,CO2等微量气体交换量、辐射与降水分布。除1998年中尺度观测试验外,1999~2001年在代表性地点进行了微量气体收支、遥感和沙尘天气相关的专项观测,结合草原站已进行的长期监测资料,分析气候-生态长期相互作用,特别是人类活动干预的影响。在分析观测结果的基础上,对该地区的气候-生态相互作用进行了数值模拟研究。文章简要介绍IMGRASS计划目标和初步成果,包括:计划目标与实验区背景;半干旱草原不同地表陆气相互作用特征;浑善达克沙地及其沙尘气溶胶特征;半干旱草原温室气体收支与碳循环测量分析;人类活动干预下半干旱草原生态退化与恢复演替规律;半干旱草原的遥感测量。  相似文献   

把握大局团结奋进进一步开创全省国土资源工作新局面     

王文升 《山东国土资源》2001,17(1):1-7

对"九五"期间山东省国土资源工作作了回顾.提出了"十五"山东省国土资源工作改革与发展的主要目标和2001年国土资源工作的主要任务.强调了大力推行依法行政和加强各级领导班子、干部队伍建设的重要性,要求国土资源部门广大干部职工把握大局,团结奋进,进一步开创全省国土资源工作的新局面.  相似文献   

Glacio-isostasy and Glacial Ice Load at Law Dome, Wilkes Land, East Antarctica     

Ian D. Goodwin  Christopher Zweck 《Quaternary Research》2000,53(3):285

The Holocene sea-level high stand or “marine limit” in Wilkes Land, East Antarctica, reached 30 m above present sea level at a few dispersed sites. The most detailed marine limit data have been recorded for the Windmill Islands and Budd Coast at the margin of the Law Dome ice cap, a dome of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet (EAIS). Relative sea-level lowering of 30 m and the associated emergence of the Windmill Islands have occurred since 6900 ¹⁴C (corr.) yr B.P. Numerical modeling of the Earth's rheology is used to determine the glacio-isostatic component of the observed relative sea-level lowering. Glaciological evidence suggests that most of EAIS thickening occurred around its margin, with expansion onto the continental shelf. Consequently, a regional ice history for the last glacial maximum (LGM) was applied in the glacio-isostatic modeling to test whether the observed relative sea-level lowering was primarily produced by regional ice-sheet changes. The results of the modeling indicate that the postglacial (13,000 to 8000 ¹⁴C yr B.P) removal of an ice load of between 770 and 1000 m from around the margin of the Law Dome and adjacent EAIS have produced the observed relative sea-level lowering. Such an additional ice load would have been associated with a 40- to 65-km expansion of the Law Dome to near the continental shelf break, together with a few hundred meters of ice thickening on the adjoining coastal slope of the EAIS up to 2000 m elevation. Whereas the observed changes in relative sea level are shown to be strongly influenced by regional ice sheet changes, the glacio-isostatic response at the Windmill Islands results from a combination of regional and, to a lesser extent, Antarctic-wide effects. The correspondence between the Holocene relative sea-level lowering interpreted at the margin of the Law Dome and the lowering interpreted along the remainder of the Wilkes Land and Oates Land coasts (105°–160° E) suggests that a similar ice load of up to 1000 m existed along the EAIS margin between Wilkes Land and Oates Land.  相似文献   

气候变化对中国农业生产的影响   总被引：89，自引：1，他引：88  

唐国平  李秀彬 《地理学报》2000,55(2):129-138

根据１９５８￣１９９７年中国３１０个气象站的月平均最高、最低气温,月平均降水量,日照时数等气象参数分析了中国气候的背影特征。用３个大气环流模型,即ＨａｄＣＭ２、ＣＧＣＭ１、ＥＣＨＡＭ４来模拟未来中国气候变化的情景。同时,建立未来气候变化的６种方案。最后,根据３个ＧＣＭｓ模拟的结果,利用国际应用系统分析研究所（ＩＩＡＳＡ）发展并改进的农业生态地带模型（ＡＥＺ）评估气候变化对中国农业生产的影响。评估主  相似文献   

我国沿海滩涂景观生态初步研究   总被引：36，自引：3，他引：33  

彭建  王仰麟 《地理研究》2000,19(3):249-256

沿海滩涂是一类特殊的土地/景观类型。文中以景观生态学理论为指导,结合我国实际,将沿海滩涂划分为泥滩、砂滩、岩滩和生物滩等四大基本类型。认为沿海滩涂是一种典型的开放系统,具有对干扰敏感、边缘效应明显、自然要素空间集聚、空间动态迁移、空间异质性显著和地域分异等六大景观生态特征,并据此提出沿海滩涂开发的基本准则。  相似文献   

构建矿业权与土地物权的冲突解决机制   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

万俊 《云南地理环境研究》2005,17(6):87-90

为解决现实生活中广泛存在的矿业权与土地物权的冲突,在明确矿业权和土地物权的定义及其权利范围的基础上,探讨了矿业权的主体、客体和内容,以及土地物权的各种物权形态,进一步挖掘了矿业权与土地物权的内涵。同时,针对现实中矿业权与土地物权的冲突现象,运用法学的观点对其形成原因和特点进行了分析,最后给出了解决矿业权与土地物权冲突的价值导向及其协调机制的构建。  相似文献   

MELTWATER FEATURES THAT SUGGEST MIOCENE ICE-SHEET OVERRIDING OF THE TRANSANTARCTIC MOUNTAINS IN VICTORIA LAND, ANTARCTICA   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

GEORGE H. DENTON  DAVID E. SUGDEN 《Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography》2005,87(1):67-85

ABSTRACT. We illustrate here spectacular meltwater features associated with outburst floods beneath an ice sheet that overrode the Transantarctic Mountains in southern Victoria Land. Because of long-term hyperarid polar climate, these features are part of an ancient landscape preserved for about 14 million years. Some channels are associated with areal scouring of basement rocks extending from sea level to as much as 1200–2100 m elevation in coastal regions. Scablands with scallops, potholes and plunge pools are cut in Beacon Super group sandstones and Ferrar Dolerite and cover wide areas of high western plateaus near the mountain crest. Subglacial channel systems commonly originate near divides and converge downhill toward the northeast. We argue that the landforms were created beneath a major Antarctic Ice Sheet that submerged the whole area, with the possible exception of the high peaks of the Royal Society Range, as it flowed northeastward toward the outer Antarctic continental shelf. Areal scouring, associated with warm-based regimes, is restricted to the lower slopes close to the coast. In the higher terra in, meltwater channels and scabland alongside preserved patches of regolith are best explained by the breaching of cold-based ice on the mountain rim by subglacial melt water outbursts. Melt from warm-based ice, along with subglacial lakes trapped upstream of the mountain rim, are possible sources of the meltwater necessary to form the channel systems and scablands.  相似文献   

黑河流域土壤退化研究     

董建辉 《干旱区地理》2005,28(5):654-658

在黑河流域干旱土纲中采集5个典型土壤剖面以研究该地区干旱土壤的演化。同时，为了了解土壤养分含量、土壤干旱化和土壤盐化的变化趋势，测定了高台县西北盐池地区主要盐土类型各剖面中的盐分含量和流域内主要土类中水分含量的分布。结果表明，干旱区内陆河流域土壤的退化主要表现为干旱化、盐渍化和土壤肥力的退化。在流域内干旱化随流域上中下游降水量和干燥度的变化而变化，土壤随距河流的距离及地下水位的高低而变化。流域内土壤从潜育土向雏形十、干旱雏形土和干旱土的方向变化。盐渍化与土壤水分含量和地下水位有关，并与水分的蒸发有密切的关系。在一定范围内，距水源越远，盐分含量一般越高。土壤肥力的退化表现为土壤有机质含量降低，阳离子代换量降低等理化性质的退化，这一退化过程是其它过程的综合反映。质地的退化虽受风沙化的影响，但与土壤的形成母质有一定的关系。  相似文献   

农业土地资源动态评价模型研究   总被引：22，自引：0，他引：22  

张萍  刘高焕  邢立新 《国土资源遥感》2000,11(1):51-56

以山东省东营市为例,对农业土地资源动态评价体系建立方法进行了探讨。研究结果表明,将“变权”的动态加权法〔1〕作为土地资源评价模型,并与地理信息系统技术相结合,是对农业土地资源进行动态评价的有效途径。  相似文献