城市震害高危害小区的研究和GIS的实现技术   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3  

帅向华  成小平  袁一凡 《地震》2002,22(3):113-119

论述了在城市地震灾害中如何考虑诸方面因素来评价城市的灾害轻重分布情况。中建立坑危害小区分析模型，设想将城市划分等面积网格，给每个单元网格赋予灾害指数，以确定城市中受灾较为严重的区域，为求灾指挥提供决策信息。同时，将高危害小区的模型研究结果转化为计算机技术可以实现的GIS模型。该研究结果已应用于泰安市防震减灾示范研究项目中。  相似文献   

基于GIS的时空复合体-土地利用变化图谱模型研究方法   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

叶庆华  刘高焕  陆洲  龚争辉  Marco 《地理科学进展》2002,21(4):358-364

本文以地学信息图谱理论、地球空间信息认知理论、地球系统科学与地理综合体理论、地理信息系统中的时空复合体模型为依据 ,提出了研究土地利用 /土地覆被变化的基本单元 ,即“图谱单元”,它是记录时空复合信息的基本单元 ,由“相对均质”的地理单元和“相对均质”的时序单元复合而成 ,并提出了研究土地利用 /土地覆被变化图谱的概念模型。  相似文献   

广州城市空间形态扩展中土地供应动力机制的作用   总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11  

王冠贤  魏清泉 《热带地理》2002,22(1):43-47

近 10年来呈剧烈变动状态的广州城市空间形态 ,刻烙着城市有机体内外部矛盾碰撞摩擦的痕迹 ,其中包含着权力行为力在空间的冲突过程。文中拟就从人文主义方法论的角度 ,以土地供应为中介媒体 ,研究分析它的供应机制对近 10年广州城市空间形态生长的影响 ,映视土地供应背后权力行为力对城市空间形态扩展影响的一般规律 ,以引导城市空间的健康发展  相似文献   

运用树木活力度进行城市生态环境质量分区--以吉林市为例     

千庆兰 《热带地理》2002,22(1):90-92,96

城市生态环境质量是影响城市景观和居民身心健康的重要因素，环境质量分区是进行生态环境评价的基础性工作。在以往生态环境质量评价中，通常采用单一的环境污染指标，难以全面综合的反应生态环境质量状况。植被的面貌是一定时期内大气、土壤、水分、人类活动综合作用的结果。由于树木有生命而又不能移动，它的健康状态是一定时期因素内，综合地反映其生活环境条件的最好尺度。借鉴国外环境诊断的研究方法，提出“树木活力度”，即树木的枝、叶、梢、树形等各个部位的生长状况和健康程度这一新的综合生态指标，并结合实际，以吉林市为例，对运用这一指标进行城市生态环境质量评价的方法、原理、问题等进行了初步探讨。指出运用树木活力度进行城市生态环境质量分区，具有迅速目测、计算简便，快速经济的特点，是当前较为流行的一种景观诊断的简便易行的方法。  相似文献   

Planning a Prosperous Sydney: The challenges of planning urban development in the new urban context     

Pauline McGuirk  Phillip O'Neill 《The Australian geographer》2002,33(3):301-316

Since their post-war inception, Sydney's metropolitan plans have tended to be overtaken by the social, economic and environmental conditions they have had to confront. The depth and scope of Sydney's recent urban transformation threatens again to overtake metropolitan planning capacity creating, in the context of competitive globalisation, a potentially significant market disadvantage for the city, not to mention poor urban development outcomes. This paper reviews Sydney's post-war metropolitan planning strategies, examining the social and economic contexts and the policy paradigms in which they have been framed, in order to draw out the lessons to be learned from their successes and failures. We argue that future success in planning urban development will rely on richly informed and fine-grained understanding of the complex spatial outcomes of Sydney's ever-deeper global integration. Only such fine-grained understanding can empower metropolitan planning to be responsive to the evolving challenges of managing development in the contemporary urban context.  相似文献   

Employment and Socio-spatial Relations in Australia's Cultural Economy   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Chris Gibson  Peter Murphy  Robert Freestone 《The Australian geographer》2002,33(2):173-189

This paper examines the significance and contribution of Australian 'creative' industry activities in light of recent debates on the emergence of the 'cultural economy of cities'. First, census employment data and business location counts are used to illustrate patterns of metropolitan primacy and concentration in the cultural industries both across states and in Sydney. Second, the specificities of the locations of cultural production, and the links between cultural industry activities and wider urban-regional change are explored in more detail. A set of observations of urban-regional change is used to demonstrate how the notion of 'cultural economy' should include complex interactions between the material activities of consumers and producers, and the discursive worlds of image makers and place marketers. Urban renewal, housing market pressures and intra-regional migration all mediate Australian experiences of the 'cultural economy'. Such interactions, in addition to key quantitative data on employment and business activity, suggest important policy considerations.  相似文献   

Regulating Land Use Conflict on the Urban Fringe: Two contrasting case studies from the Australian poultry industry     

STEVEN HENDERSON 《The Australian geographer》2003,34(1):3-17

Land use conflict involving farm externalities represents an increasing policy concern in Australia as agricultural activities intensify and as the nation's metropolitan areas continue to expand outwards. A review of the rural-urban fringe literature reveals a noticeable absence of research exploring the intensity of conflict experienced by farmers. Similarly, inadequate attention has been given to the policies adopted by government to manage conflict. This article contrasts the regulatory system that has been implemented to manage conflict involving poultry farming on the metropolitan fringe of two Australian state capitals: Perth, Western Australia and Sydney, New South Wales. Spatial variation in the nature of government intervention is uncovered. In the discussion that follows reasons are identified to help explain such variation including state ideology, metropolitan growth, industry activism, geographical constraints and farm characteristics. It is concluded that where agricultural industries experience internal political divisions and a geographically dispersed membership it becomes more difficult to influence government policy.  相似文献   

气象卫星观测资料的分析在城市区域气象环境研究中的应用   总被引：10，自引：2，他引：10       下载免费PDF全文

周志恩  蒋维楣  胡非  奚文 《气象科学》2003,23(3):292-299

目前 ,我国气象部门相当普遍地拥有气象卫星观测资料 ,但是 ,这些资料如何在城市气象服务以及为城市建设规划等方面的决策研究中发挥作用 ,急待进一步研究并开展工作。本文试图通过合理的反演处理 ,给出卫星观测对地面温度的测量结果 ,由此可比较细致地分析了解地面热状况及其与土地利用类型 ,地面覆盖性质等的关系。本文利用有限的 NOAA- AVHRR气象卫星遥感资料 ,采用修正的 Ulivieri分裂窗方法反演出同期的地表温度场 ,通过对北京地区的卫星观测资料进行算例分析 ,揭示出一个 2 0 0 km× 2 0 0 km范围内的地面温度分布特征。反演结果可以明显地揭示出城市热岛现象的变化规律 ,并且能较为清楚地反映出相对的高温区和低温区  相似文献   

一种新的城市SO₂污染统计预报方法及其应用   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

杨文峰  史宝忠 《应用气象学报》2003,14(2):223-229

针对目前采用的统计方法存在的不足, 即在选择预报因子时没有考虑预报因子之间的相关性, 挑选的预报因子由于非正交, 使回归计算的结果不稳定, 给计算带来一定的误差。该文提出把一元线性回归分析、自然正交函数 (EOF) 和逐步回归方法结合起来, 从而得到一种新的建立统计预报模型的方法。以西安市采暖期和夏季SO₂日均浓度为预报对象, 使用该方法建立预报模型。拟合及预报试验表明, 这些预报模型不但可以很好地拟合变化趋势, 而且还能作出较准确的预报, 采暖期预报的级别命中率为72.5 %, 夏季级别预报命中率为100%。通过对比试验, 此方法优于目前常用的逐步回归方法, 具有很好的应用前景。  相似文献   

Evidence of early generation of liquid hydrocarbon from suberinite as visible under the microscope   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Wan Hasiah Abdullah   《Organic Geochemistry》1997,27(7-8)

The early generation of liquid hydrocarbons from suberinite can be clearly observed under the microscope. The generation of this oil-like material, mainly in the form of exsudatinite, from the maceral suberinite occurs at a maturity level of about 0.4% vitrinite reflectance. Hydrocarbons appear to be naturally expelled from coal initially through sweating and agglomeration of suberinite which subsequently forms exsudatinite. It is suggested that extensive expulsion of exsudatinite causes cracks to develop in vitrinite whereas limited expulsion of exsudatinite will only impregnate the vitrinite matrix. If cracks are formed, it is possible they could progressively develop to form an exsudatinite-crack network. The formation of such a network is believed to represent an effective way of hydrocarbon expulsion from coal source rocks.  相似文献