基于PCA法的春、夏季东山湾海域富营养化特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

姜双城  林培梅  蔡玉婷  郑盛华  蔡建堤  许翠娅  杨妙峰  席英玉  钟硕良 《海洋学研究》2015,33(1):81-88

根据2011年5月和8月东山湾及邻近海域的调查结果,选择10个与富营养化有关的参数,包括溶解无机氮(DIN)、溶解硅酸盐(DSi)、活性磷酸盐(SRP)、总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、化学耗氧量(COD)、溶解有机碳(DOC)、总有机碳(TOC)、叶绿素a(Chl-a)和浮游植物丰富度(d)等,应用主成分分析(PCA)法对该海域富营养化特征进行研究。主成分分析表明,主成分1(PC1)表征了有机污染、浮游植物和总磷状况;主成分2(PC2)反映了硅和氮营养水平,主成分3(PC3)体现了SRP的特点。春、夏季PC1、PC2、PC3和综合主成分(CPC)的空间分布表明漳江口和八尺门养殖区邻近海域富营养化风险较高;各主成分与盐度的相关分析表明东山湾内富营养化压力主要来自漳江,夏季有所增强;有机污染物和浮游植物可能是控制东山湾海域春、夏季富营养空间分布的主要驱动因素。  相似文献   

象山港海岸带景观生态风险演变研究     

郭意新  李加林  徐谅慧  郑忠明  钱瑛瑛  任丽燕  关健 《海洋学研究》2015,33(1):62-68

海岸带景观是沿海地区社会经济可持续发展的基础,研究人类活动影响下的海岸带景观生态风险演变对海岸带景观规划与景观资源的合理开发具有重要意义。本文基于1990—2010年间3期的Landsat TM/ETM+遥感数据源,结合野外实地调查,研究了象山港海岸带景观生态风险及其变化趋势。结果表明: (1)20 a间,象山港海岸带景观格局发生显著变化,耕地、海域和林地等景观类型面积呈下降趋势,而建设用地、未利用地和养殖用地不断增加;(2)1990年以来,象山港海岸带景观生态风险等级有不断增高趋势,部分低、较低等级生态风险区演变为中等级以及较高等级;(3)从不同等级生态风险区的空间分布上看,1990年以来海岸带景观低和较低等级生态风险区空间分布在沿海地区减少,而中等、较高和高生态风险区在沿海地区不断形成并向陆侧扩张。从演化速率上看,近10 a的较高和高生态风险区面积增加速率较前10 a显著加快。  相似文献   

桂西平果教美矿区堆积型铝土矿形成过程中矿物转化与元素迁移     

章颖  吴功成  刘学飞  张起钻  管涛  王庆飞 《现代地质》2015,29(1):20-31

桂西地区铝土矿为典型喀斯特型,包括二叠系沉积型和第四系堆积型两亚类。堆积型铝土矿是沉积型铝土矿经抬升、破碎、风化,最后堆积于喀斯特洼地中形成。以平果教美铝土矿为研究对象,探索堆积型铝土矿形成过程中矿物的变化与元素迁移。沉积型矿石的矿物组成包括硬水铝石、鲕绿泥石、锐钛矿及少量针铁矿、金红石和高岭石;堆积型矿石的矿物组成主要为硬水铝石、锐钛矿、高岭石及少量三水铝石和鲕绿泥石。转化过程中堆积型矿石中的硬水铝石含量明显增加,鲕绿泥石含量明显减少。沉积型铝土矿的主要化学组成为Al₂O₃、SiO₂、FeO和TiO₂;堆积型为Al₂O₃、SiO₂、TiO₂和Fe₂O₃。两类矿石中元素Zr 、Ba、Nb、V含量均较高,稀土总量变化大,富集轻稀土。质量平衡计算表明堆积型铝土矿形成过程中Al、Ba、Sr、Y等元素增加,而Si、Fe、Ti、Nb、V、Ce等元素减少,其余元素变化不明显。  相似文献   

Distributions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and alkylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Osaka Bay,Japan     

Shizuho Miki  Seiichi Uno  Kazuki Ito  Jiro Koyama  Hiroyuki Tanaka 《Marine pollution bulletin》2014

Contaminations in sediments by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and alkylated PAHs were investigated at 44 sites in Osaka Bay, Japan. Concentrations of total PAHs and alkylated PAHs were in the range 6.40–7800 ng/g dry weights and 13.7–1700 ng/g dry weights, respectively. The PAH concentrations tended to be higher along the shoreline in the vicinities of big ports, industrialized areas, and densely populated regions such as the cities of Osaka and Kobe. The major sources appeared to be pyrogenic or both pyrogenic and petrogenic at most of the sites. PAH concentrations were remarkably high at a site near Kobe, where the concentrations of dibenzo(a,h)anthracene and benzo(g,h,i)perylene exceeded the effects-range-medium concentration and eight PAHs were above the corresponding effects-range-low concentrations. Those PAHs may have been derived from the great fire associated with the large earthquake in 1995.  相似文献   

Disturbance of recruitment success of mantis shrimp in Tokyo Bay associated with effects of hypoxia on the early life history     

Keita Kodama  Yoshihiro Tajima  Takamichi Shimizu  Satoshi Ohata  Hiroaki Shiraishi  Toshihiro Horiguchi 《Marine pollution bulletin》2014

We investigated effects of severe hypoxia (dissolved oxygen <1 ml l⁻¹) on recruitment of mantis shrimp Oratosquilla oratoria in Tokyo Bay. Ten-year field surveys were conducted to examine quantitative relationships in annual mean densities of larvae and juveniles, and spatial distribution of juveniles and severe hypoxia. There was no significant correlation between annual mean densities of larvae and juveniles, suggesting that mortality during larval or juvenile stages varies among years, which might have regulated abundance of young-of-the-year juveniles. Juvenile density was low in the severely hypoxic area, implying that hypoxia could affect survivals and spatial distribution of juveniles. Meanwhile, there are yearly fluctuations in juvenile density in normoxic areas of both northern and southern part of the bay. This evidence suggests that abundance of post-settled juveniles might have been determined by not only effects of hypoxia, but also other factors influencing mortality during the early life stages.  相似文献   

Selenium and mercury concentrations in harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) from central California: Health implications in an urbanized estuary     

Elizabeth A. McHuron  James T. Harvey  J. Margaret Castellini  Craig A. Stricker  Todd M. O’Hara 《Marine pollution bulletin》2014

We measured total selenium and total mercury concentrations ([TSe] and [THg]) in hair (n = 138) and blood (n = 73) of harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) from California to assess variation by geography and sex, and inferred feeding relationships based on carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur stable isotopes. Harbor seals from Hg-contaminated sites had significantly greater [THg], and lesser [TSe] and TSe:THg molar ratios than seals from a relatively uncontaminated site. Males had significantly greater [THg] than females at all locations. Sulfur stable isotope values explained approximately 25% of the variability in [THg], indicating increased Hg exposure for seals with a greater use of estuarine prey species. Decreased [TSe] in harbor seals from Hg-contaminated regions may indicate a relative Se deficiency to mitigate the toxic effects of Hg. Further investigation into the Se status and the potential negative impact of Hg on harbor seals from Hg-contaminated sites is warranted.  相似文献   

Organohalogen contaminants and total mercury in forage fish preyed upon by thick-billed murres in northern Hudson Bay     

《Marine pollution bulletin》2014,78(1-2):258-266

Twelve marine fish species collected from a thick-billed murre (Uria lomvia) breeding colony in northern Hudson Bay in the Canadian Arctic during 2007–2009 were analyzed for legacy organochlorines (e.g. PCBs, DDT), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), perfluorinated carboxylates (PFCAs) and sulfonates (PFSAs), and total mercury (Hg). No one species of prey fish had the highest levels across all contaminant groups analyzed. For the two pelagic fish species sampled, concentrations of the major organochlorine groups (e.g. Σ₂₁PCB, ΣDDT, ΣCHL, ΣCBz), ΣPBDE, ΣPFCA and Hg were consistently higher in Arctic cod (Boreogadus saida) than in capelin (Mallotus villosus). Biomagnification factors from whole fish to thick-billed murre liver across all species were generally higher for Σ₂₁PCB and ΣDDT. ΣPBDE did not biomagnify.  相似文献   

气候变化对厦门旅游业影响的模糊综合评价     

唐德才  王琳佳  李长顺  李萌萌 《气候变化研究进展》2014,10(5):370-376

以厦门市旅游业为研究样本,采用系统分析,围绕气候变化对旅游业发展的影响,建立气候变化对旅游业发展影响的评价指标体系,利用层次分析法对各指标因子进行权重测算,再利用模糊综合评价法进行评价,将气候变化对厦门旅游业的影响进行定量分析。结果显示,气候变化对旅游业的影响的隶属度最大值为0.309,是较强的。研究可以明确将旅游业发展过程中受气候变化影响的各个方面,按照受影响程度高低进行划分,从而可以有效指导旅游业相关从业者对风险进行归类,进而协调各方利益,有针对性地发展旅游业,从而实现旅游资源的长期利用和旅游业的可持续发展。  相似文献   

杭州湾庵东浅滩现代沉积物中的生物遗迹          下载免费PDF全文

宋慧波  于会新  王海邻  范代读  胡斌  王芳 《古地理学报》2014,16(5):703-714

杭州湾庵东浅滩沉积物中发现有多种造迹生物,主要有蝼蛄、泥甲虫、宁波泥蟹、珠带拟蟹守螺、泥螺、弹涂鱼、蚂蚁和鸟类等,营造的生物遗迹主要为觅食迹、居住迹和爬行迹(爬迹、拖迹和鸟足迹)等。分析表明,浅滩不同亚环境的造迹生物及其遗迹的主要类型和分布特征具有明显的差异性: (1)在潮上带植被茂密的草滩环境中,以层面上的生物觅食迹、居住迹和鸟足迹为主,造迹生物主要有蝼蛄、泥甲虫、蚂蚁和鸟类等,其中以蝼蛄的潜穴最为丰富。(2)在高潮滩的积水泥沼环境中,有大量近海喜盐植物,生物遗迹主要有宁波泥蟹的“J”形、“W”形和“Y”形潜穴、弹涂鱼的羽状爬迹、珠带拟蟹守螺在层面上营造的弧形、圆圈状的觅食迹和“C”形的条带状生殖迹。(3)在中、低潮间带的粉砂质环境中,以层面上珠带拟蟹守螺不规则的觅食迹为主。生物遗迹的分布与浅滩沉积底质沉积物粒度与含水量等特征密切相关。本研究不仅丰富了杭州湾浅滩沉积的新遗迹学研究,而且对古代潮汐沉积及其环境研究有重要的借鉴意义。  相似文献   

东山湾海水养殖布局变化的遥感研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

高亮明  李炎  钟硕良  罗冬莲 《海洋学研究》2014,32(4):35-42

运用Landsat卫星序列遥感数据的监督分类方法,识别与分析了东山湾网箱养殖和延绳式养殖两种海水养殖类型的时空变化。1999—2012年间东山湾海水养殖面积扩大了10倍,大型海藻养殖为主的延绳式养殖面积约为以鱼类与贝类养殖为主的网箱养殖面积的5.6倍。东山湾的养殖布局为适应海湾水质特点而逐年调整,网箱养殖区主要集中在水交换能力较强的湾口,延绳式养殖主要集中在营养盐高、水交换能力略弱的湾内。以大型海藻养殖为主的海水养殖大规模扩展,对海湾富营养化趋势起到缓解作用,但规模过大的海水养殖介入可能诱发主要表现在氮循环上的海湾生态系统不稳定。  相似文献