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71.
A hydrologically correct digital elevation model (DEM) forms a basis for realistic environmental modelling, especially in complex terrain. We have performed a study in the Coarse Sandy Hilly Catchments (CSHC) of the Loess Plateau, China, which demonstrates pragmatic, yet effective methods for improving the quality of the DEM by: (1) identifying and correcting source topographic data errors and (2) optimising ANUDEM algorithm parameters. Improvement in the DEM based on fixing over 1100 errors in the input topographic data, and optimising key ANUDEM parameters was assessed using higher accuracy independent validation of 32 contributing areas and 1474 spot heights, and by semi-quantitative analysis of DEM derivatives produced from ANUDEM and Triangular Irregular Network (TIN) algorithms. Improvement in the ANUDEM DEM over the original TIN DEM was shown where the percentage of the total absolute difference in contributing areas reduced from 10.43 to 3.51%, and the bias between the spot heights and DEM elevations reduced from 45 to 32 m. Large improvement in DEM quality was gained by using ANUDEM instead of TIN, with smaller improvement gained by fixing source data errors, and optimising ANUDEM parameters. 相似文献
72.
利用小波分析理论、Douglas算法、曲率分析算法，对线状要素的压缩优化进行了深入的研究，并在建立线状要素压缩优化的自适应模型的基础上，对实际数据进行了试验。结果表明，此方法不仅能够保持高的压缩比，而且能够很好地保持原数据的特征。 相似文献
73.
To make a curvilinear motion in the horizontal plane is one of the most contents for realizing the maneuverability of the supercavitating vehicle. It is significant to achieve the controllability and maneuverability of the vehicle in three dimensions both theoretically and practically on research. Models of angle of attack, gravity and inertial force effects on the supercavity in the horizontal curvilinear motion are established, respectively. The supercavity is simulated based on these models in combination with Logvinovich model and the unsteady gas-leakage rate model at the given ventilation rate, and the effect of the inertial force on it is analyzed numerically. Results show that the maximum deviation of the center line of the cross section of supercavity towards the outward normal direction of its trajectory increases as the cavitation number or curvature radius decrease and always occur in the tail because of the increase of inertial effects along the axis of supercavity from the cavitator when other models and flow parameters are constant for the given trajectory curvature. For the variable curvature, the supercavity sheds due to its instability caused by the time-varying angle of attack. The deviation increases along the length of supercavity if the curvature remains the same sign. 相似文献
74.
Nonlinear static analysis procedures are key tools in evaluating the performance of existing buildings and verifying the design of seismic retrofits in seismically active regions.In this procedure,nonlinear force-displacement or moment-curvature (M-(4)) behavior needs to be defined.In the ATC-40 document,values of M-~ have been proposed to model elements in a nonlinear procedure.However,these values need to be investigated to determine if they are representative of actual values.In this paper,an attempt has been made to numerically derive M-（4） curves to simulate actual performance.Then,these curves are compared with the ATC-40 recommended curves with respect to various parameters.The study indicated that ATC-40 suggested values are conservative in nature in most situations. 相似文献
75.
研究了山坡地形曲率的空间分布特征,发现流域略呈现出微凹、发散的形状特征,平均的剖面和水平曲率分别为-4.62×10-4和3.49×10-4。通过划分源头型和边坡型山坡,发现源头山坡多是收敛的,边坡型山坡则多为发散的;在山坡内部收敛、发散、凹和凸等地形地貌类型是同时存在的,即山坡一般由相互组合的各种坡型所组成。基于野外采样观测的成果,分析了和睦桥子流域90个采样点的土壤含水量及其对应曲率的相互关系。结果显示:一般来说,凹形山坡、收敛形山坡对应的土壤含水量更高,而凸形和发散形山坡对应的土壤含水量较低;不论是收敛的凹坡,还是发散的凸坡,其采样点土壤含水量都有随高程下降而升高的趋势,即愈靠近沟谷土壤含水量愈大。 相似文献
76.
针对大型多波束地形调查中存在的多波束测量重叠区和接边区水深的不一致,研究了多波束测量重叠区和接边区的多波束数据的融合方法,分别采用反距离加权法、移动平均法和最小曲率法进行数据融合,比较3种方法的融合精度,认为最小曲率法是这3种方法中最适合用来进行重叠区多波束数据融合的方法. 相似文献
77.
中国南极考察队从2007年开始对达尔克冰川进行现场监测工作,在冰面上投设监测花杆并用前方交会的方法持续对花杆进行精确定位,用于冰川运动监测。2007-2012年,中国南极考察队员在东南极达尔克冰川上共计开展了18个批次的现场测量工作,经分析得到了67个高精度的空间交会点坐标,分属于10个独立的观测标志。为精化计算模型必须对实测数据仔细甄别,因此,同时考虑了仪器的归零差、地球曲率误差、大气折光误差等交会定位的主要误差来源,比较了3种因素对精确定位的影响,结果表明：地球曲率对精确定位的影响最大,其次是归零差,最后是大气折光引起的误差。对交会定位中各种误差的分析有利于改进同类工作中计算模型的选择,为冰川运动监测提供高精度的数据支撑。 相似文献
78.
The development of high resolution LiDAR digital terrain models (DTMs) has enabled the exploration of the statistical signature of morphology on curvature distributions. This work analyzes Minimum Curvature distributions to identify the statistical signature of two types of LiDAR‐DTM errors (outliers and striping artifacts) in the derived estimates, rather than morphology itself. The analysis shows the importance of modeling these errors correctly, in relation to the scale of analysis and DTM resolution, in order to have reliable curvature estimates. Nine DTMs of different morphological areas are considered, and grouped into a training dataset (without errors) and a test dataset (with errors). In the training dataset, the original DTMs are considered as true values; errors are then applied to these data. Minimum Curvature is computed at multiple scales from each DTM: changes in curvature distributions due only to morphology and scale are characterized from the original data; error effects are then identified from the datasets with simulated errors, and validated against the test dataset. The analysis shows that outliers and striping artifacts can be realistically simulated by heavily left tailed distributions. For DTMs without errors, the scale‐dependent change in curvature distribution is primarily controlled by real morphology. When DTMs include errors, curvature distributions become controlled by these errors, whose propagation depends on error distribution, error spatial correlation, and the scale of analysis. This study shows that the curvature distributions are impacted upon differently by striping artifacts and outliers, and that these are clearly distinguishable from the signal of morphological features: a scale‐dependent change in curvature distribution can therefore be interpreted as the signature of these specific errors, rather than morphology. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
79.
河口区水位受径流、潮汐、地形、人类活动等多因素影响, 其空间分布结构及变化复杂。作为河口动力结构的重要参数, 水位分布演变特征及机制的研究对水资源高效开发利用和河口治理具有重要指导意义。文章基于珠江磨刀门河口沿程马口、甘竹、江门、竹银、灯笼山和三灶6个测站1965—2016年月均余水位数据及马口站的月均流量数据, 分析人类活动影响下水位空间分布的异变, 采用双变量线性回归模型定量辨识水位分布异变的主要影响因素, 并初步讨论人类活动、动力结构、地形变化之间的相互耦合关系。结果表明, 基于平均水面形态变化参数(即曲率)可较好地指示河床冲淤变化趋势, 河段平均曲率为正, 指示河床趋于淤积, 曲率为负, 河床趋于冲刷侵蚀; 围垦、大规模挖沙、河道疏浚等强人类活动前, 磨刀门河口上、下段坡降大于中段(江门—甘竹段), 即中段存在一个水位坡降变缓的区域, 枯季低流量时中段水位坡降出现由海向陆方向的倒坡降, 强人类活动后, 余水位空间分布结构发生异变, 中段坡降增大、低流量时的逆坡降消失; 强人类活动引起的河床地形变化是磨刀门河口沿程水位空间形态发生变化的主要原因, 使口门段(三灶—竹银)和河口上段(甘竹—马口)水位曲率分别减小0.41×10-4m·km-2和1.04×10-4m·km-2, 河口中段(竹银—甘竹)水位曲率增大0.21×10-4m·km-2, 沿程曲率由正(下凹)-负(上凸)-正转变为负-正-负, 沿程河床也随之由淤积-冲刷-淤积趋势转变冲刷-淤积-冲刷趋势。 相似文献
80.
局部曲面正切曲率与流线曲率的水流路径算法 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在局部特殊地形如细窄的沟渠等地带,水流方向可能是惟一的,即当前点的水应全部流入下游惟一的格网点,此时若采用多流向算法不仅会导致水流方向产生较大误差,而且可能影响区域汇水面积的精确计算。为解决此问题,本文提出了一种水流路径算法,该算法通过以各格网点为中心建立3×3窗口范围内的局部趋势面,利用该点在局部趋势面中的正切曲率和流线曲率选取合适的单流向或多流向算法来确定并计算该点的水流流向及流量分配比例。最后通过实例证明了该方法在水流累积量计算中的良好效果,并在一定程度上为格网DEM沟谷段和分水线段的提取奠定了基础。 相似文献