DAYTIME HEAT BALANCE FOR ESTIMATING NON-RADIATIVE FLUXES OF LAKE BANYOLES,SPAIN     

J. COLOMER  E. ROGET  X. CASAMITJANA 《水文研究》1996,10(5):721-726

Combining a six-term heat balance equation and a seasonal thermocline model, a new equation to calculate non- radiative fluxes of Lake Banyoles has been determined. Mean daily measurements of global solar radiation, downward longwave radiation, wind speed, air temperature and water surface temperature were used as input data and lake temperature as the calculated output data of the model. To calibrate performance of the new equation, calculated lake temperature was compared with measured lake temperature during both the mixing and the stratified period of the lake. The new coefficients in the wind function to calculate the non-radiative fluxes at the water surface were assumed to depend on the variability of the wind speed, the air temperature of the study area and the surface temperature of the lake. In addition, the results were used to estimate the heat balance of the air–water interface of Lake Banyoles over a period of two years. The processes that have been taken into account are shortwave and longwave radiation, back-radiation emitted by the lake, sensible and latent heat and throughflow.  相似文献   

MELTWATER FLUXES AT AN ARCTIC FOREST-TUNDRA SITE     

P. MARSH  J. W. POMEROY 《水文研究》1996,10(10):1383-1400

Models of surface energy balance and snow metamorphism are utilized to predict the energy and meltwater fluxes at an Arctic site in the forest–tundra transition zone of north-western Canada. The surface energy balance during the melt period is modelled using an hourly bulk aerodynamic approach. Once a snowcover becomes patchy, advection from the bare patches to the snow-covered areas results in a large spatial variation in basin snowmelt. In order to illustrate the importance of small-scale, horizontal advection, a simple parameterization scheme using sensible heat fluxes from snow free areas was tested. This scheme estimates the maximum horizontal advection of sensible heat from the bare patches to the snow-covered areas. Calculated melt was routed through the measured snowcover in each landscape type using a variable flow path, meltwater percolation model. This allowed the determination of the spatial variability in the timing and magnitude of meltwater release for runoff. Model results indicate that the initial release of meltwater first occurred on the shallow upland tundra sites, but meltwater release did not occur until nearly two weeks later on the deep drift snowcovers. During these early periods of melt, not all meltwater is available for runoff. Instead, there is a period when some snowpacks are only partially contributing to runoff, and the spatial variation of runoff contribution corresponds to landscape type. Comparisons of melt with and without advection suggests that advection is an important process controlling the timing of basin snowmelt.  相似文献   

长江口滨岸湿地无机氮界面交换通量量算   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王军  陈振楼  王东启  许世远  毕春娟  刘杰 《地理学报》2006,61(7):729-740

基于3年长江口滨岸湿地沉积物－水界面无机氮季节性交换通量连续实测数据,建立无机氮界面交换通量空间插值模型与量算模型,对无机氮界面交换通量季节性空间分布特征、滨岸湿地不同岸段无机氮季节性界面交换总通量量算等研究。结果表明：修正GIDS插值模型在无机氮界面交换通量空间插值预测过程中精度明显优于IDS方法,而略优于普通Kriging方法;长江口滨岸湿地沉积物－水界面无机氮交换通量空间分布在不同季节表现出复杂的空间分异特征;利用修正GIDS插值模型对长江口滨岸湿地无机氮交换通量进行空间插值过程中,为提高通量量算模型精度,应采用1.2'×1.2'的空间尺度为最佳;长江口滨岸湿地无机氮界面交换总通量量算表明,长江口滨岸湿地在春季向水体释放无机氮,是水体无机氮的释放源,释放量为1.33×10⁴ t,夏季、秋季和冬季表现为净化水体中无机氮,是水体无机氮的吸收汇,分别净化无机氮量为4.36×10⁴ t、6.81×10⁴ t和2.24×10⁴ t,全年总体表现为净化水体中无机氮,净化量为12.1×10⁴ t;长江口多年水体中无机氮通量多项式拟合分析得出,2002~2004年3年长江口水体中无机氮通量平均值为52.6×10⁴ t,滨岸湿地对长江口水体中无机氮的年均净化率达23.0%。  相似文献   

河南木厂河区银、金、铜矿床的构造控矿特征     

李毅  胡海珠 《地质力学学报》2006,12(3):345-353

河南木厂河地区,位于秦岭-大别山中央造山带的东部,桐柏-大别构造亚带东段。区内以长期活动的NWW-近EW向深大断裂及派生的NWW向,SN向断裂以及平行于东部郯庐断裂带的NE向断裂为主要特征,褶皱表现为形态复杂的宽缓线形。通过调查研究,确认了木厂河矿区存在三个构造岩石单元:核杂岩单元(CC)、超高压单元(UHP)、高压单元(HP).各单元之间发育有大型的拆离断层,有利于成矿元素富集。本区矿床的形成与大别山超高压变质带折返后的伸展拆离作用密切相关。矿体形成部位主要在核杂岩单元之上,超高压单元之下的拆离断层带。拆离断层对本区的矿化起了重要的控制作用。   相似文献   

四川盆地复合盆山体系的结构构造和演化   总被引：17，自引：6，他引：11  

沈传波  梅廉夫  徐振平  汤济广 《大地构造与成矿学》2007,31(3):288-299

盆山体系研究是当前大陆动力学探索的热门。四川盆地周缘为造山带所围绕,盆地与造山带存在着耦合关系。系统地分析四川盆地和周缘造山带组成的盆山体系的结构和演化特征对深入认识四川盆地的构造和油气分布规律具有重要的意义。通过构造剖面的解释、沉积充填特征和陆源碎屑物源的分析以及同位素年代学的分析,研究了四川盆地盆山体系的结构、构造变形特征和演化历史。四川盆地与周缘造山带均以冲断褶皱带相耦合,构造变形在平面上和纵向上具有明显的分带性和层次性的特点。提出了"复合盆山体系和亚盆山体系"的概念,并认为四川盆地及周缘造山带组成了一个复合盆山体系,并由多个次一级的亚盆山体系所组成,各亚盆山体系是互相影响、互相叠加、互相干扰联合的。这在一定程度上丰富了盆山体系的认识。  相似文献   

荒漠草原植物群落光合速率对水氮添加的响应   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

李香云  岳平  郭新新  张蕊  赵生龙  张森溪  王少昆  左小安 《中国沙漠》2020,40(1):116-124

氮沉降和降水格局改变对草原生态系统的结构、功能及关键过程具有重要影响。依托内蒙古乌拉特荒漠草原研究站的全球变化实验平台,研究了氮添加和增减雨（+50%、-50%）及其交互作用对荒漠草原植物群落光合速率和植被特征的影响,分析了荒漠草原植物群落光合速率与植被特征的关系。结果表明：（1）短期氮添加对荒漠草原植物群落光合速率和植被特征没有显著影响（P > 0.05）;（2）降水格局改变显著影响荒漠植物群落光合速率（P < 0.05）,减雨50%显著降低了荒漠草原植物群落光合速率和优势种植物高度（P < 0.05）,而降水增加50%没有改变群落光合速率和植被特征,降水改变下的土壤水分能很好地解释群落光合速率;（3）氮添加和增加降水的交互效应显著提高了群落的光合速率和优势种植物高度（P < 0.05）,而减少降水与氮添加没有显著影响;（4）荒漠草原植物群落盖度、优势种盖度、优势种平均高度与群落的光合速率呈现出指数增加关系,解释率为40%~58%。干旱极大地抑制荒漠草原植物群落光合速率,而氮沉降则依赖于降水增加来提高群落的光合速率,荒漠草原植物群落光合速率与水肥处理下的植物生长特征具有密切的关系。  相似文献   

Annual Variation of Benthic Nutrient Fluxes in Shallow Coastal Waters (Gulf of Trieste, Northern Adriatic Sea)   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

Alessandra  Bertuzzi  Jadran  Faganeli Antonio  Bflmbati 《Marine Ecology》1996,17(1-3):261-278

Abstract. Benthic fluxes of dissolved N. Si and P nutrients, alkalinity, dissolved inorganic C (DIC), and O₂ from sediments in the Gulf of Trieste (northern Adriatic, Italy) were measured monthly for 16 months, using laboratory incubated flux chambers at in siru temperatures in the dark. The annual average fluxes were: 02 = -19.3 ± 8.2, DIC = 13.7 ± 9.6, NO3 = -0.04 ± 0.16, NH4 = 0.3 ± 0.4. PO₄= 4.001 ± 0.01, Si = 0.9 ± 0.1 mmol m-² d^-1, with strong temporal fluctuations. The highest effluxes of all nutrients and DIC were observed in the summer. Small effluxes of DIC and NH4 and influxes of Si and PO4 were observed in late winter. Only NH₄ (ca. 50%) and Si (ca. 70%) fluxes were significantly correlated with temperature. This correlation suggests that the rate of downward input and the quality of sedimented organic matter (autochthonous and allochthonous) were superimposed on the temperature fluctuations. High DIC, NH₄ and Si effluxes observed in May 1993 during low temperature were due to the degradation of sedimentary organic matter produced by an early spring bloom of benthic microalgae which occurred about 6 weeks earlies while the autumn phytoplankton bloom was simultaneously reflected in enhanced benthic fluxes due to higher temperature. The role of benthic biological advection in this transport across the sediment-water interface, evaluated by comparison between measured benthic and calculated diffusive fluxes from nutrient pore water concentrations, was of minor importance. This is probably due to low infaunal activity throughout the year it was localized mostly in the narrow surficial layer. The annual average diffusive fluxes of NH4 and PO4 were higher than those measured, probably due to the presence of nitrificationdenitrifi-cation processes and redox-dependent chemical reactions at the oxic sediment-water interface, respectively. Only during bottom-water hypoxia in September 1993 did strong PO₄ effluxes prevail. Calculations based on the Redfield stoichiometry of oxic decomposition of organic N to NH4 and NO3, and differences between diffusive and measured NH₄ fluxes showed that denitrifkation averaged 0.8 mmol m^-2 d^-1. Significant correlations between NH₄ and PO₄ DIC and Si, and NH4 and Si fluxes suggested their parallel regeneration and utilization at the sediment-water interface. The nutrient fluxes observed were not significantly linked to O₂ consumption, suggesting also that anaerobic oxidation processes were important at the sediment-water interface in the gulf. The N, P and Si nutriqnts released from sediment pore waters are probably utilized in benthic microalgal and bottorn-hater primary production. This indicates that pelagic and benthic communities in the central part of the Gulf of Trieste function relatively independently of each other.  相似文献   

桑沟湾沉积碳库年汇入速率的长期变化及其区域性差异     

刘赛  杨庶  杨茜  孙耀 《海洋学报》2018,40(1):47-56

对取自桑沟湾北西南三根柱样近200 a碳来源及埋藏通量的解析,分析了湾内不同站位各形态碳的差异性,进而对全湾碳埋藏进行了估算。湾内环流、贝藻养殖等造成湾内不同区域碳埋藏的差异;桑沟湾总碳（TC）平均量1.79%,有机碳（TOC）平均量0.54%,无机碳（TIC）平均量1.25%,TOC含量相对较小,为海陆混合来源,以陆源有机碳（C_t）为主,大规模人工养殖后,海源有机碳（C_a）有明显增加的趋势。桑沟湾碳埋藏通量平均为228.9 g/（m2·a）,以无机碳为主要埋藏形式（约占70%）,高的沉积速率及生物残骸沉降使桑沟湾养殖区碳的来源及埋藏区别于其他陆架海域。  相似文献   

黄河口快速沉积及其动力过程   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2  

李广雪  岳淑红  赵东波  孙映涛 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2004,24(3):29-36

现场观测资料和卫星遥感校准图像计算表明 ,185 5年以来 ,黄河三角洲新淤陆地 36 99km2 ,生长速率为 2 6 8km2 /a ,黄河输入三角洲 1× 10 8t泥沙形成 3 14 4km2 的陆地。进入河口区的泥沙约 88 4 %堆积在水下 8km宽的三角洲前缘。研究表明 ,这一堆积比例是河口切变锋、异重流和潮流场相互作用的结果 ,异重流在黄河汛期一直存在 ,大约搬运黄河来沙的 6 0 %沉积在三角洲前缘 ;一个潮周期内 ,切变锋出现两次 ,它能够捕获异轻羽状流中的悬浮泥沙堆积 ,也能够限制异重流的远距离扩散。切变锋消失后 ,少量悬浮泥沙才能远距离扩散 ,随潮流离开三角洲水下斜坡。  相似文献   

渤海湾表层沉积物元素地球化学分布特征与影响因素     

张连杰  朱龙海  张盼  赵博  王鹏 《海洋科学》2019,43(6):78-87

对取自渤海湾的307个表层沉积物进行了元素测试和粒度分析。渤海湾表层沉积物的常微量元素呈现4种组合:富集于粗粒沉积区的SiO_2、Na_2O亲碎屑元素组合;富集于细粒沉积区的以Al_2O_3和重金属元素为代表的亲黏土元素组合;与缺氧环境有关的MnO、V、TOC元素组合和与河流输入有关的陆源CaO、TiO_2元素组合。粒度粗细主导了渤海湾元素含量分布的整体格局;海域河流物源供应不同较大影响了渤海湾南部(富Na_2O、CaO和SiO_2)和北部(富Ba和P_2O_5)在元素含量上的差异;高流速潮流对海底的冲刷再分配导致曹妃甸南侧Sr、Ca元素的条带状富集异常;有机质在细粒沉积区的富集导致缺氧环境的形成和K_2O、Mn、V、自生黄铁矿的海洋自生化学沉积;人类活动导致以Pb为代表的重金属污染在河流入海口、港口及沿岸海域的元素分布异常;曹妃甸沙坝内侧的泻湖(海洋钙质生物沉积)与沙坝外侧水下岸坡(陆源碎屑沉积)的截然不同的物源,导致了独特地貌沉积环境下元素分布的局部差异。  相似文献