祁连山海北高寒湿地40～80cm土壤温度状况观测分析   总被引：11，自引：2，他引：9  

李英年  鲍新奎  曹广民 《冰川冻土》2000,22(2):153-158

海北高寒湿地土壤水分达超饱和状态,土体热容量大,因而地温在随时间进程中变化平稳,日、年较差较小。年内季节冻土并不深厚,多维持于１ｍ左右,小于高山草甸土分布区。由于５０ｃｍ层次年平均地温仅为１．２℃,暖季的６～９月平均为２．８℃左右。因此,按温度诊断特点来看,该类型高寒湿地土在中国土壤分类中属寒冷性土壤温度状况,仍为正常有机上。  相似文献   

地形性中尺度环流的数值模拟及验证   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5  

张美根  韩志伟  雷孝恩 《大气科学》2000,24(1):122-130

建立了一个高分辨三维边界层诊断模式以模拟下垫面热力和动力的 非均匀性对边界层结构的影响。模式模拟了广东大亚湾核电站厂址区域（12 km×12 km） 47个典型天气系统下的地形性中尺度环流,其大坑的模拟风向、风速和温度与观测值 相比,风向差小于17.5#+[o]的概率为87.5%,风速比值在0.7～1.3之间的概率为72.9%, 温度差小于0.4#+[o]C的概率为72.9%。  相似文献   

渤海海冰特征厚度分析   总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6  

季顺迎  岳前进 《海洋学报》2000,22(6):117-123

通过海冰生消机理和数值试验,讨论了渤海海冰特征厚度的存在条件;对不同厚度的海冰表面温度、冰面热量收支、冰面下热传导和太阳辐射透射量进行了对比分析,分析了渤海海冰向特征冰厚的动态演化过程;在不同气温、风速、相对湿度和海洋热通量等气象和水文条件下,对渤海特征冰厚进行了计算;讨论了海冰生消的动态平衡过程,分析了1997/1998年冬季辽东湾JZ20-2海域实测冰厚与特征冰厚的相互关系。对渤海特征冰厚分析将有助于渤海海冰数值模拟工作的开展和对不同重现期设计冰厚的推算。  相似文献   

养殖中国对虾肝胰脏细小病毒病的免疫金银染色法诊断研究     

孙修勤  薛清刚  张进兴 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2000,30(3):515-518

80年代以来 ,肝胰脏细小病毒病在养殖中国对虾中广泛流行并造成了一定的损失。作者采用免疫金银染色 (immunogold silver staining,IGSS)技术 ,对患病对虾肝胰脏中的细小病毒(Hepatopancreatic parvovirus,HPV)进行了免疫组织化学的研究。结果表明 ,经 IGSS染色的病虾肝胰脏上皮细胞核内出现了黑色的、圆形或椭圆形、大小为 3～ 15μm的结构。由于该结构与 H- E染色切片上出现的肝胰脏细小病毒包涵体在发生部位、形态和大小上皆一致 ,故而认为该结构为HPV包涵体。证明 ,免疫金银染色法是一种可应用于中国对虾肝胰脏细小病毒病诊断的有效方法。  相似文献   

基于不同微物理过程的广西沿海南风型暖区暴雨的数值模拟研究          下载免费PDF全文

智协飞  董甫  张玲  吉璐莹  朱寿鹏 《大气科学学报》2020,43(5):867-879

基于WRFV3.6.1,利用其8个云微物理参数化方案对2010—2016年华南汛期（4—9月）的6个南风型暖区暴雨个例进行数值模拟与多方案集成试验,并采用基于对象的诊断评估方法（MODE）对模拟结果进行评估。结果发现对于大多数个例,WRF模式都能较好地模拟出暖区暴雨的降水带,对暖区降水带模拟最好的参数化方案是WSM6方案,其次是Lin方案;模拟效果较差的参数化方案为CAM5.1与NSSL 2-mon方案。选取模拟结果较好的个例进行诊断分析,发现不同参数化方案得到的动力学特征以及云微物理特征相关变量存在较大差异,导致模拟降水的差异。在单方案模拟的基础上,开展多方案集成试验,发现多方案集成方法能够有效降低模式模拟的不确定性,产生更稳定的模拟结果。  相似文献   

Establishment and application of an intelligent treating method for oil spill identification     

TAN Liju  ZHAO Ruxiang  YIN Xiaonan  ZHANG Haijiang  WANG Jiangtao 《海洋学报(英文版)》2018,37(11):116-122

In the identifying process of an oil spill accident, manual integral and artificial visual comparison are commonly used at present to determine the oil spill sources, these methods are time-consuming and easily affected by human factors. Therefore, it is difficult to achieve the purpose of rapid identification of an oil spill accident. In this paper, an intelligent method of automatic recognition, integration and calculation of diagnostic ratio of Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer (GC/MS) spectrum are established. Firstly, four hundreds of samples collected around the world were analyzed using a standard method and Retention time locking technology (RTL) was applied to reduce the change of retention time of GC/MS spectrum. Secondly, the automatic identification, integration of n-alkanes, biomarker compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and calculation of the diagnostic ratios were realized by MATLAB software. Finally, a database of oil fingerprints were established and applied successfully in a spill oil accident. Based on the new method and database, we could acquire the diagnostic ratios of an oil sample and find out the suspected oil within a few minutes. This method and database can improve the efficiency in spilled oil identification.  相似文献   

Micromorphology of solonetzic horizons as related to environmental events in the Caspian Lowland     

М.Lebedeva 《山地科学学报》2009,6(2):132-138

Micromorphology of solonetz species with special attention to natric horizon was studied in microcatenas at the Dzhanybek Research Station （northwestern Caspian Lowland）. The solonetzic （natric） horizon is easily identified, and it occurs at varying depths, which are the criteria for subdividing solonetzes into 4 species, namely, crusty, shallow, medium and deep. In this sequence, the depth of humus-accumulative horizons increases, and the upper boundary of salinity manifestations goes down. The following micromorphological features are assumed as typical for natric horizons： angular blocky microstructures with partially accommodated aggregates having sharp boundaries and narrow plane-like packing voids; b-fabric speckled in the aggregates＇ centers and monostriated at their peripheries merging into stress coatings; very few interpedal voids; organo-clay coatings; humus- enriched infillings; no calcite and gypsum pedofeatures. A complete set of ＂natric＂ features was found only in the crusty solonetz; the shallow solonetz lacks only illuviation coatings, while the medium and deep species have several modifications of fabric elements： blocky aggregates have a rounded shape and are penetrated by biogenic channels favoring their further biogenic reworking; plant residues became more abundant and diverse, and blackened tissues occur; illuviation clay coatings evolved into papules; stress coatings gave birth to striated bfabrics, thus maintaining a high plasma orientation. The thin sections of natric horizons made 50 and 20 years ago were examined to study the influence of environmental changes （increase in precipitation and rise of ground water table） on micropedofeatures. The following processes took place： （i） in the topsoil： humus accumulation and biogenic structurization; （ii） in the natric horizon - re-arrangement of clay coatings into micromass b-fabrics; and （iii） in the lower part of the natric horizon - development of pseudosand fabric, calcite and gypsum formation. The trends revealed are in good agreement with the environmental events.  相似文献   

Micromorphological features of Paleo-Stagnic-Anthrosols at archaeological site of Sanxingdui,China     

Yurong He  Chengmin Huang  Xiangming Xu  Yanqiang Wang  Xiubin He 《山地科学学报》2008,5(4):358-366

The archaeological site of the Sanxingdui may date back as far as 5,000 years ago. The typical profiles of Palaeo-Stagnic-Anthrosols near the ancient site were selected, which aimed to identify diagnostic horizons employing methodology of soil taxonomic classification and to reveal the micromorphological properties of the paleosols. Under long-term anthropogenic mellowing, the discernible differentiation between anthrostagnic epipedon and its subhorizons as well as hydragric horizon and its subhorizons occurred in Paleo-Stagnie-Anthrosols at the archaeological site of the Sanxingdui. The mieromorphological properties diversified among each specific diagnostic subhorizon, e.g., the developed microstructure in cultivated subhorizon within anthrostagnic epipedon, closely arranged particles and considerable micropores beneficial to both of water conservation and filtration in plow subhorizon within anthrostagnic epipedon, and automorphic optical-orientation clays and calcareous corrosion in hydragric horizons. The findings above of micromorphological features related with diagnostic horizons are significant for soil taxonomic classification.  相似文献   

网纹红土的成因及其研究意义   总被引：26，自引：0，他引：26  

朱景郊 《地理研究》1988,7(4):12-20

本文阐述我国网纹红土的分布和特征,着重讨论网纹红土的形成原因,指出网纹红土可表征我国南方中更新世以来新构造运动的幅度和性质,并可作为我国东部是否存在古冰川作用的佐证.  相似文献   

转型期农村宅基地边际化的内涵、特征与诊断指标   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

朱凤凯  柯新利  张凤荣 《地理科学进展》2017,36(5):549-556

本文主要考察城乡转型发展与农村空心化背景下,农村宅基地利用形态的演变与边际化问题。在剖析农村宅基地边际化概念和内涵的基础上,探讨了宅基地边际化的类型及其在区域土地利用中的表现特征,提出了相应的诊断标准。农村宅基地的边际化是一种在现有的土地利用和社会经济结构条件下,农村宅基地原始的居住保障功能不断弱化、衰退或被其他用途取代的现象。农户对宅基地边际化的行为响应,将导致区域农村宅基地在利用程度、功能与使用制度等方面发生重大变化。农村宅基地的“利用率诊断”、“自住面积比例诊断”与“利用成本诊断”是诊断农村宅基地边际化类型、测度农村宅基地边际化趋势的三个主要步骤。一般而言,该宅基地的利用率明显下降是显性边际化的重要标志;而在宅基地多功能利用过程中,自住面积比例的不断降低,体现了农村宅基地的隐性边际化;最后,农村宅基地现有自住用途下利用成本的增加,是其边际化趋势预测的重要依据。本文可为城乡发展转型期农村宅基地利用形态和功能变化提供新的研究视角。  相似文献