基于CityEngine的三维城市规划设计与研究     

李宏旭  杨李东 《测绘与空间地理信息》2016,(5):55-57

城市规划领域越来越需要三维建模技术的支持。CityEngine作为一种新型的三维建模软件,不仅可以批量生成规划模型,还可以用来辅助三维城市规划设计。本文基于CityEngine规则建模方法,实现了规划方案对比、建筑体量调整、规划指标计算等功能,通过对某小区进行实际建模验证,证明了CityEngine可以为城市规划者们提供新的思路,为城市设计和城市管理提供决策支持。  相似文献   

Pix4Dmapper在无人机航摄应急救灾项目中的应用研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

汪雅婕 《测绘与空间地理信息》2016,(9):202-203

无人机由于其独特的航摄优势,在灾害应急处理等特殊事件中,发挥着越来越重要的作用。本文结合一次山体滑坡救灾项目,阐述了使用Pix4Dmapper软件对无人机航摄数据进行快速处理,并获取正射影像图和数字表面模型的方法,通过数据分析和评估,证明了此方法的可行性和有效性。  相似文献   

应急地理信息数据管理探讨     

张帅  邱春霞  杨存英 《测绘与空间地理信息》2016,(10)

应急地理信息作为地理信息的重要组成部分,涉及众多行业部门,要想有效地利用应急地理信息资源,对应急地理信息数据管理的研究则非常重要。本文以应急地理信息的分类、资源目录管理、采集与入库、授权与共享为主要研究内容,结合数据管理原型对研究内容进行了实践开发。为建设应急地理信息服务平台积累了经验,为政府应急部门快速利用应急信息分析研判、处置应急事件提供了技术支撑。  相似文献   

A microscale model for air pollutant dispersion simulation in urban areas: Presentation of the model and performance over a single building   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Ning Zhang  Yunsong Du  Shiguang Miao 《大气科学进展》2016,33(2):184-192

A microscale air pollutant dispersion model system is developed for emergency response purposes. The model includes a diagnostic wind field model to simulate the wind field and a random-walk air pollutant dispersion model to simulate the pollutant concentration through consideration of the influence of urban buildings. Numerical experiments are designed to evaluate the model's performance, using CEDVAL(Compilation of Experimental Data for Validation of Microscale Dispersion Models) wind tunnel experiment data, including wind fields and air pollutant dispersion around a single building. The results show that the wind model can reproduce the vortexes triggered by urban buildings and the dispersion model simulates the pollutant concentration around buildings well. Typically, the simulation errors come from the determination of the key zones around a building or building cluster. This model has the potential for multiple applications; for example, the prediction of air pollutant dispersion and the evaluation of environmental impacts in emergency situations; urban planning scenarios;and the assessment of microscale air quality in urban areas.  相似文献   

风暴分类识别技术在人工防雹中的应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

方德贤  李红斌  董新宁  丁建芳  濮文耀 《气象》2016,42(9):1124-1134

利用新一代多普勒天气雷达资料,在风暴跟踪识别算法的基础上,发展了风暴分类技术,以提高人工防雹作业指挥的效率。首先以SCIT算法为基础,结合风暴的结构特征,综合利用雷达、探空资料,自动提取风暴结构特征指数;其次采用基于决策树模型的风暴自动分类技术,将风暴按强度分为雷雨云、单体风暴、多单体风暴和强风暴;最后根据风暴强度、高度和位置等属性,对有可能产生冰雹的单体,结合GIS,自动对下游方向或附近作业点进行预警或输出作业参数。通过对2006—2014年期间重庆、辽宁大连和河南三门峡三地发生的较为典型的31次冰雹天气过程、182站次冰雹样本的检验来看:该方法通过对风暴按强度、垂直结构等综合属性进行分类,能有效提高冰雹识别的命中率、降低空报率,其中强风暴的命中率能达到100%,空报率仅为11.4%。能有效提高人工防雹作业的自动化程度,对防雹作业的科学决策有着重要参考作用。  相似文献   

历史数据和强化学习相结合的低频轨迹数据匹配算法     

孙文彬  熊婷 《测绘学报》2016,45(11):1328-1334

针对低频(采样间隔大于1min)轨迹数据匹配算法精度不高的问题,提出了一种基于强化学习和历史轨迹的匹配算法HMDP-Q,首先通过增量匹配算法提取历史路径作为历史参考经验库;根据历史参考经验库、最短路径和可达性筛选候选路径集;再将地图匹配过程建模成马尔科夫决策过程,利用轨迹点偏离道路距离和历史轨迹构建回报函数;然后借助强化学习算法求解马尔科夫决策过程的最大回报值,即轨迹与道路的最优匹配结果;最后应用某市浮动车轨迹数据进行试验。结果表明:本文算法能有效提高轨迹数据与道路匹配精度;本算法在1min低频采样间隔下轨迹匹配准确率达到了89.2%;采样频率为16min时,该算法匹配精度也能达到61.4%;与IVVM算法相比,HMDP-Q算法匹配精度和求解效率均优于IVVM算法,16min采样频率时本文算法轨迹匹配精度提高了26%。  相似文献   

基于“天地图”的地震应急服务平台设计     

张新  陶坤旺  朱翊 《测绘工程》2016,25(3):46-50

地震应急与社会经济紧密相关,也是防震减灾的重要内容。在总结地震应急相关研究与信息服务的基础上,采用网络技术、GIS技术、数据库技术,设计并开发基于"天地图"的地震应急服务平台,实现震情实时发布、空间查询定位、灾情实时反馈、直接经济损失快速评估、经济人口信息的统计分析等功能。该平台的建立将为震前预测提供完备、现势的数据基础,为震中救援提供可视化的分析平台,为震后恢复重建的资源调配提供数据支持。  相似文献   

基于 GAMA 平台的多智能体应急疏散仿真模型     

周烨  魏海平  何源浩  黄凯 《测绘工程》2016,25(4):66-70

应急疏散的研究对象是一个复杂的社会系统,利用多智能体模型可以有效模拟人群复杂的社会行为。将多智能体模型应用于应急疏散领域,设计5种类型的智能体实体,构建多智能体应急疏散仿真模型,从被疏散个体的相互作用行为入手,研究整个被疏散群体的行为特征。基于GAMA平台,实现以矢量地理空间数据为基础的多智能体应急疏散仿真模型,通过仿真实验,动态呈现整个应急疏散过程。对灾害、突发事件应急疏散指挥,应急疏散设施建设、城市规划设计等工作具有重要的意义。  相似文献   

An open source GIS‐based Planning Support System: Application to the land use plan of La Troncal,Ecuador          下载免费PDF全文

Inés Santé  Natalia Pacurucu  Marcos Boullón  Andrés Manuel García  David Miranda 《Transactions in GIS》2016,20(6):976-990

Planning Support Systems (PSS) comprise a wide variety of geo‐technological tools related to GIS and spatial modeling aimed at addressing land planning processes. This article describes the OpenRules system, a PSS based on a previous system called RULES. Among OpenRules new features are its architecture, based exclusively on free and open source software, and its applicability to all land use types, including rural and urban uses. In addition, OpenRules incorporates an unlimited number of land evaluation factors and a new objective in land use spatial allocation. OpenRules has been programmed in Java and implemented as a module of the free GIS software gvSIG, with full integration between the GIS and the decision support tools. Decision support tools include multicriteria evaluation, multiobjective linear programming and heuristic techniques, which support three basic stages of land use planning processes, namely land suitability evaluation, land use area optimization and land use spatial allocation. The application of OpenRules to the region of La Troncal, Ecuador, demonstrates its capability to generate alternative and coherent solutions through a scientific and justified procedure at low cost in terms of time and resources.  相似文献   

Task-oriented information value measurement based on space-time prisms     

Yingjie Hu  Krzysztof Janowicz  Yuqi Chen 《International journal of geographical information science》2016,30(6):1228-1249

Recent years have witnessed a large increase in the amount of information available from the Web and many other sources. Such an information deluge presents a challenge for individuals who have to identify useful information items to complete particular tasks in hand. Information value theory (IVT) from economics and artificial intelligence has provided some guidance on this issue. However, existing IVT studies often focus on monetary values, while ignoring the spatiotemporal properties which can play important roles in everyday tasks. In this paper, we propose a theoretical framework for task-oriented information value measurement. This framework integrates IVT with the space-time prism from time geography and measures the value of information based on its impact on an individual’s space-time prisms and its capability of improving task planning. We develop and formalize this framework by extending the utility function from space-time accessibility studies and elaborate it using a simplified example from time geography. We conduct a simulation on a real-world transportation network using the proposed framework. Our research could be applied to improving information display on small-screen mobile devices (e.g., smartwatches) by assigning priorities to different information items.  相似文献