OpenGeoSys-Gem: A numerical tool for calculating geochemical and porosity changes in saturated and partially saturated media     

《Physics and Chemistry of the Earth》2014

Reactive transport codes that use a Gibbs Energy Minimization (GEM) to solve chemical equilibria are uncommon. We present a new coupling of the Richards flow module of the Finite Element (FE) based OpenGeoSys code with the GEM based chemical solver GEMS3K. The coupled code is highly parallelized using an overlapping domain decomposition approach in combination with execution of multiple threads that solve chemical equilibria in parallel. FE reactive transport schemes are often affected by spurious concentration oscillations. We effectively suppress these oscillations with a linearized algebraic flux corrected transport (FCT) algorithm. An application example is presented which investigates the evolution of material interfaces in a deep geological repository for nuclear waste. The example uses all features of the new coupled code: flow and multi-component transport in variably saturated media, and a very complex chemical setup which makes extensive use of (non-linear) solid solution formulations for mineral phases.  相似文献   

Extracting predictable components and forecasting techniques in extended-range numerical weather prediction     

WANG QiGuang  CHOU JiFan  FENG GuoLin 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2014,57(7):1525-1537

This paper refers to the CNOP-related algorithms and formulates the practical method and forecast techniques of extracting predictable components in a numerical model for predictable components on extended-range scales.Model variables are divided into predictable components and unpredictable chaotic components from the angle of model prediction error growth.The predictable components are defined as those with a slow error growth at a given range.A targeted numerical model for predictable components is established based on the operational dynamical extended-range forecast(DERF)model of the National Climate Center.At the same time,useful information in historical data are combined to find the fields for predictable components in the numerical model that are similar to those for the predictable components in historical data,reducing the variable dimensions in a similar judgment process and further correcting prediction errors of predictable components.Historical data is used to obtain the expected value and variance of the chaotic components through the ensemble forecast method.The numerical experiment results show that this method can effectively improve the forecast skill of the atmospheric circulation field in the 10–30 days extended-range numerical model and has good prospects for operational applications.  相似文献   

CPF变化对Landsat TM/ETM+辐射校正结果的影响     

黄绍霖  徐涵秋  王琳 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2014,44(4):1382

随着时间的推移,卫星传感器的老化会使得原有的辐射定标参数文件(CPF)失效。最典型的当属Landsat-5卫星,该卫星自1984年发射以来,已经进行了多次CPF修正;而Landsat-7卫星的CPF也经过了数次修改,以保证辐射校正结果的准确性。以Landsat TM/ETM+遥感影像为例,分别以2003、2009年的CPF对它们进行辐射校正,并对结果进行对比。结果表明,除ETM+的绿光波段外,TM、ETM+影像基于2009年CPF计算的各波段均值都要小于2003年。而这一变化也使得由此计算的指数产生差异：归一化植被指数(NDVI)间的差异可达0.48%,建筑用地指数(IBI)间的差异可达5.94%。  相似文献   

基于海洋潮汐动力模型的水位改正方法研究     

刘洪博  潘国富  应元康  黄潘阳  胡涛骏 《海洋学研究》2014,32(2):35-39

本文研究并提出了一种基于海洋潮汐动力模型的水位改正方法。该方法通过对数值模拟的天文潮位进行改正,结合残差改正获得特定站的潮位数据。结合实际资料,将基于海洋潮汐动力模型的水位改正方法与传统的水位改正方法(时差法和最小二乘潮位拟合法)进行了比较,新方法改正的精度明显高于传统方法,显示其在地形变化较为复杂海域进行水位改正的可行性与独特优势。该方法可以在海洋测绘中减少短期验潮站的布设,用于潮位序列缺失的修补。  相似文献   

Atmospheric correction of HJ-1 A/B CCD over land: Land surface reflectance calculation for geographical information product     

Qiaoyan Fu  Xiangjun Min  Lin Sun  Shengfang Ma 《地理学报(英文版)》2014,24(6):1083-1094

This paper proposed a method to retrieve the land surface reflectance from the HJ-1A/B CCD data. The aerosol optical depth（AOD）, the most important factor affecting the atmospheric correction of CCD images at all bands, is proposed to retrieve from the CCD imagery by the approach of dense dark vegetation（DDV） method. A look-up table in terms of the transmittances, the path radiances and the atmospheric spherical albedo as functions of the AOD was established for a variety of sun-sensor geometry and aerosol loadings. The atmospheric correction is then achieved with the look-up table and the MODIS surface reflectance output（MOD09） as the priori datasets. Based on the retrieved AOD and the look-up table of atmospheric correction coefficients, the land surface reflectance was retrieved for the HJ-1A/B data according to the atmospheric radiative transfer equation. Some in-situ measurement Data for Yanzhou of Shandong province in East China and MODIS land surface reflectance products MOD09 are used to preliminarily validate the proposed method. The results show that the proposed method can remove effectively the atmospheric contributions, and the overall accuracy of the retrieval land surface reflectance can be improved substantially.  相似文献   

山东省主要粮食作物气候生产潜力时空变化特征   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

廉丽姝  李志富  李梅  李庆  李长军 《气象科技》2012,40(6):1030-1038

根据山东省1961-2008年的气象资料,利用逐级订正法计算了山东省冬小麦和夏玉米等主要粮食作物的气候生产潜力,并进一步采用经验正交函数分解方法,探讨了其时空变化特征.结果表明:山东省冬小麦及夏玉米的气候生产潜力存在有明显的年际波动和空间差异,其中冬小麦优、劣年景气候生产潜力相差3～9倍,夏玉米相对较小,为2～3倍;全省冬小麦、夏玉米气候生产潜力的高值区位于水热条件匹配较好的鲁南地区,低值区在半岛东部沿海地区;冬小麦、夏玉米气候生产潜力与实际单产的年际变化基本一致,山东省粮食产量,特别是夏玉米产量的年际波动受作物生长期间气候条件影响较大;全省冬小麦、夏玉米气候生产潜力在空间上具有较好的一致性,区域互补性较差.  相似文献   

多时相TM影像相对辐射校正研究   总被引：19，自引：0，他引：19  

张友水  冯学智  周成虎 《测绘学报》2006,35(2):122-127

多时相影像对应波段中地物波谱“准”不变特征点(Pseudo-Invariant Features,PIFs)的选取是相对辐射校正的前提,采用目视解译选取主观性较强,在一定程度上影响了校正精度。利用绍兴试验区两时相TM影像,通过样本点间差异阈值,主成份分析和回归分析方法控制选取影像对应波段间的PIFs,使得校正样本点的选取具有客观性。在此基础上获取增益和偏移量并对两时相影像进行相对辐射校正,取得了较好的校正效果,从而有利于土地利用/覆盖变化监测。  相似文献   

一种顾及空间相关性遥感影像辐射度的地形校正算法   总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6  

黄微  张良培  李平湘 《测绘学报》2006,35(3):285-290

地形校正的目的是消除太阳光照对不规则地面地物辐射值的影响。这种影响会使相似植被类型地物的辐射值发生很大的变化。因此,在地形复杂的地区,地形校正是影像预处理的一个重要步骤。传统的基于单像素的地形校正方法,虽然减小了辐射值的变化,但在太阳入射角低的地区常常出现校正过度的情况。针对这种误差进行分析,提出一种考虑了空间相关性的校正算法,并且利用鄂西地区的Landsat7卫星影像进行的试验证明,该算法优于传统的地形校正模型。  相似文献   

似大地水准面的定义及在空中测量中涉及的问题   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

吴晓平 《测绘科学》2006,31(6):24-25

本文讨论了高程异常和似大地水准面的定义以及高程异常随空间位置的变化,提出了将似大地水准面称为正常高系统的高程基准面的不恰当性,给出了由地面测量至空中点几何高差确定空中点正常高的改正方法。其目的主要是针对当前已经扩展到了空中的测量,引导正确地认识正常高系统的基本问题。  相似文献   

星载GPS观测数据预处理模型研究   总被引：5，自引：4，他引：1  

郭金运  常晓涛  刘新 《测绘科学》2006,31(3):62-64

星载GPS不同于地基GPS。为了进行基于星载GPS的低轨卫星精密定轨和地球重力场模型解算,本文研究了星载GPS观测数据的钟差改正、整周模糊度解算、周跳探测、卫星跟踪点改正、GPS天线相位中心偏移和改正等的模型,给出了对应的处理公式和处理过程。  相似文献