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51.
科尔沁沙地植物萌动期不同类型沙丘土壤微生物区系特征 总被引：9，自引：5，他引：4
通过对科尔沁沙地植物萌动期不同类型沙丘中0－50 cm土壤层微生物组成及其与生态因子的关系研究表明:微生物的活动强弱程度是:固定沙丘>半固定沙丘>半流动沙丘>流动沙丘,每种沙丘类型中不同微生物类群数量分别是:细菌>放线菌>真菌。微生物数量在垂直分布上表现为:流动沙丘表层最少,30—40 cm层活动相对强烈;半流动沙丘和半固定沙丘在垂直分布上变化相对较小;固定沙丘表层最多,表层以下变化不大。各类群微生物数量与电导率、植被盖度、凋落物量和沙丘固定程度都呈显著正相关（P≤0.01）;pH值对放线菌的影响最大,其次为细菌,而对真菌的影响较小。微生物活动与地温的相关性不高,与土壤水分含量呈负相关。影响科尔沁沙地土壤微生物的主要生态因子是植被盖度和土壤可溶性无机盐含量。 相似文献
52.
化学融雪剂对小麦和玉米种子发芽的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
研究了不同化学融雪剂浓度对小麦和玉米种子发芽的影响。结果表明:随着融雪剂处理浓度的增加,其对农作物种子发芽的抑制效应呈显著上升趋势,且不同融雪剂品种对同种农作物品种发芽的影响呈现较为明显的差异,不同农作物种子对同种融雪剂的反应差异也较大。在融雪剂胁迫下,小麦种子均表现出比玉米种子较强的发芽能力,且辽春9号比龙麦26号发芽能力更强。1#融雪剂对玉米种子发芽的影响无明显差别,但在2#融雪剂处理中,明玉2号较耐寒豫玉发芽能力强。与1#融雪剂相比,2#融雪剂处理种子的发芽率、发芽指数和活力指数相对较高。 相似文献
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黄海绿潮起源于苏北浅滩,每年夏天漂移到青岛沿岸泛滥成灾,对生态环境造成严重破坏。苏北浅滩受沿岸径流输入影响,盐度变化范围大,青岛海域盐度较稳定,稍高于苏北浅滩。盐度对浒苔微观繁殖体萌发、藻体生长及繁殖过程具有重要作用,通过室内连续受控实验,系统研究了固定盐度(5、10、15、20、25、30、33、35)和变化盐度(盐度逐渐降低)对浒苔微观繁殖体固着、萌发、藻体生长和繁殖不同阶段的影响,主要结论如下:固着阶段,盐度5不利于浒苔微观繁殖体的固着,盐度10～35对微观繁殖体固着的影响不显著,相同盐度下,孢子的固着量显著高于配子。萌发阶段,不同盐度(5～35)及不同盐度变化形式对微观繁殖体(孢子和配子)的萌发没有显著影响,孢子的萌发速度快于配子,最终均能完全萌发。生长阶段,低盐(5～15)不利于浒苔幼苗的生长。繁殖阶段,当盐度≤10时,浒苔不进行生殖活动;盐度15～35范围内,浒苔可以产生微观繁殖体,完成一个完整的生活史;在绿潮形成过程中,孢子的生殖策略为K对策,配子的生殖策略为R对策。上述结论表明,在苏北浅滩和青岛海域,盐度不是限制浒苔发生发展及繁殖过程的关键环境因子,明确了盐度在绿潮发生... 相似文献
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为了探究生物质炭作为生长基质对水生植物种子萌发和生长的影响,选用典型沉水植物苦草(Vallisneria spiralis)作为受试植物,测定不同氮、磷营养盐浓度和不同粒径的生物质炭作用下对苦草种子萌发率、幼苗形态与生物量,同时分析水体中硝态氮、亚硝态氮、氨氮和正磷酸盐磷浓度变化过程.结果表明:生物质炭存在使水体中亚硝态氮浓度低于检测限,使水体正磷酸盐磷浓度上升至1.28~2.43 mg/L,为最高添加磷浓度的3.2~6.1倍,从而改变了苦草生长环境.小粒径生物质炭(0.25~0.5 mm)组中水体最终氨氮浓度(0.05 mg/L)远远低于大粒径生物质炭(1~2 mm)组中水体最终氨氮浓度(0.39~0.85 mg/L),即生物质炭粒径大小会影响水体最终营养盐浓度和氮素赋存形态.与大粒径生物质炭组和石英砂对照相比,小粒径组苦草种子萌发率明显升高,可达80%以上,并促进苦草幼苗生长.因此,小粒径生物质炭能提高苦草种子萌发和幼苗生长,在大型水生植物恢复工程中具有一定的应用前景. 相似文献
57.
近几年,紫菜"高温烂菜"现象频发,为开发耐高温紫菜栽培种质,本文研究了4种温度(15、20、25、28℃)对皱紫菜壳孢子萌发及叶状体形态建成的影响,并观察了藻体的繁殖特性。结果显示,在试验设定的培养条件下,适宜皱紫菜壳孢子萌发生长温度为20—25℃,最适温度为20℃。皱紫菜壳孢子幼苗萌发初期细胞分裂为横分裂,叶状体细胞呈直线排列,生长至7—10个细胞后,细胞开始出现纵分裂。15、20℃温度组藻体多为不规则的半圆形裂片。25、28℃温度组藻体多为细长型叶片。有性生殖是皱紫菜主要的繁殖方式,但15—20℃培养组的部分藻体能够少量形成并放散类似无性生殖的单孢子并萌发形成叶状体。 相似文献
58.
IMPROVEMENT OF SANDY SOIL WITH WATERCONSERVING MEMBRANE AND ITS EFFECT ON CROP GROWTH 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
LIXiu-jun CUIXiang-hao LIQu-sheng 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2005,15(1):64-69
1INTRODUCTIONArid, semi-arid, and semi-humid areas abound in sandysoil, which causes water to leak into deep soil orgroundwater so that soil′s water-conserving capabilitybecomes lower and water is used with low efficiency.Water is one of the important fa… 相似文献
59.
Zhao‐Hui Wang Yong‐Hu Fu Wei Kang Ju‐Fang Liang Yang‐Guang Gu Xiao‐Liang Jiang 《Marine Ecology》2013,34(2):218-232
To understand the role of phytoplankton resting cells in the outbreak of algal blooms, particularly harmful algal blooms, surface sediments were collected monthly from April 2007 to March 2008 from two bays near the international ports in the Southern Chinese coastal waters. Sieved sediments were incubated for 20 and 40 days, and germinated vegetative cells were observed. Altogether, 97 taxa were recorded, of which 50 were diatoms and 35 dinoflagellates. Vegetative cells of cyanobacteria, chlorophytes, dictyophytes, euglenophytes, haptophytes, and raphidophytes were also observed. Centric diatoms such as Chaetoceros, Melosira, Skeletonema, and Thalassiosira dominated. Scrippsiella, Gymnodinium, and Alexandrium were common dinoflagellate taxa. Diatom spores germinated in samples from all seasons but were abundant in the autumn and winter samples. Low numbers of dinoflagellate cells germinated in the winter samples. The nanophytoplankton taxa, Gymnodinium corii and Chrysochromulina sp., which have not been recorded in the previous phytoplankton surveys, were abundant, suggesting either their new appearance in the water column or perhaps that they were overlooked in routine phytoplankton monitoring due to their small sizes. Vegetative cells of harmful or potentially harmful taxa were germinated, and some of them such as Amphidinium, Gambierdiscus, Ostreopsis, and Coolia have not previously been reported in the study area. Based on the results of the incubation of sediments from the two bays near the international ports, it is suggested that international shipping increases the risk of the introduction of new phytoplankton species and thus promotes the incidence of harmful algal blooms. 相似文献
60.
We present results on the effect of modified clay on cyst formation of Scrippsiella trochoidea in harmful algal bloom （HAB）. Modified clay （in concentration of 0, 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 g/L） were added to cultures, and observations were made on cysts of S. trochoidea under controlled laboratory conditions. Results indicate that the removal rate of algal cells reached 97.7% at the clay concentration of 1.0 g/L. The cyst formation rate increased from 4.6% to 24.6% when the concentration of clay was increased from 0 to 1.0 g/L. Two cyst metamorphs were observed： spinal calcareous cysts and smooth noncalcareous ones. The proportion of the spinal cysts decreased from 76.9% to 24.1% when clay concentration increased from 0 to 1.0 g/L. In addition, modified clay affected cyst germination. The germination rate decreased with the increases in the clay concentrations. Non-calcareous cysts had a lower germination rate with a longer germination time. We conclude that modified clay could depress algal cell multiplication and promote formation of temporal cysts of S. trochoidea, which may help in controlling HAB outbreaks. 相似文献