冠瘤海鞘同种群聚的化学诱因初步研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

黄英  柯才焕  冯丹青  周时强  张朝霞  李复雪 《海洋学报》2005,27(3):104-109

研究了不同浓度的冠瘤海鞘成体被囊萃取物和幼体萃取物及不同的幼体密度对冠瘤海鞘(Styela canopus)幼体附着和变态的影响.结果表明,冠瘤海鞘被囊萃取物和幼体萃取物在5%和10%的浓度下均促进冠瘤海鞘幼体的附着和变态,但被囊萃取物的诱导效果明显强于幼体萃取物;幼体密度高于25只/cm3时,促进冠瘤海鞘幼体的附着和变态;幼体密度低于10只/cm3时,幼体的附着和变态不受密度影响.这些结果提示海区中冠瘤海鞘的同种群聚可能与其被囊或幼体内含诱导幼体附着和变态的化学因子有关.  相似文献   

金钱鱼早期发育的观察   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5       下载免费PDF全文

蔡泽平  胡家玮  王毅 《热带海洋学报》2014,33(4):20-25

金钱鱼Scatophagus argus是一种具有观赏和食用价值的重要海水经济鱼类。文章对金钱鱼受精卵的胚胎发育过程和胚后不同发育阶段的形态特征进行了观察和描述,并对其仔、稚鱼饵料摄食情况作了初步观测。结果显示,在海水温度27.0~28.5℃、盐度26‰、pH为8.10~8.25的条件下,金钱鱼受精卵历时21h 30min完成整个胚胎发育过程孵化出膜。刚破膜仔鱼全长1.60±0.04mm,4h后全长1.79±0.04mm;卵黄囊椭圆球形,长径0.63±0.03mm,短径0.38±0.02mm。在水温28.0~29.0℃、盐度22‰~26‰海水中,1日龄仔鱼全长2.23±0.05mm,体高0.47±0.02mm,卵黄囊明显吸收;5日龄仔鱼全长2.85±0.07mm,卵黄囊和油球吸收完毕,仔鱼口裂0.17~0.18mm,开始摄取粒径0.10~0.12mm的轮虫幼体;9日龄仔鱼全长3.25±0.04mm,腹鳍鳍棘原基形成,胃肠充满饵料食物,消化吸收能力增强,仔鱼群体完全进入异养生长阶段;15日龄仔鱼全长3.72±0.03mm,腹鳍伸展,出现一对雏形鳍棘,仔鱼活力极强,可轻易摄食0.12~0.18mm的轮虫和桡足类幼体;32日龄的稚鱼尾部细小黑色素粒密集,体侧出现4条褐色横纹,背鳍、臀鳍和腹鳍鳍棘及鳍条基本发育完整,颅骨后下方两侧长出一对三叶状特异形骨结节突起,口裂约0.50mm,主食桡足类和硅藻,并能够摄食少量软性配合饲料。本研究可为金钱鱼繁育生产和早期形态鉴别提供生物学依据。  相似文献   

Effects of temperature and salinity on the development of embryos and larvae of the veined rapa whelk Rapana venosa （Valenciennes, 1846）   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

班绍君  张涛  潘恒倩  潘洋  王平川  薛东秀 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2014,32(4):773-782

The major population of the veined rapa whelk Rapana venosa(Valenciennes, 1846), which is an important fishery resource, is facing a large decline in China. We studied the effects of incubation temperature(16–34℃ at salinity 30) and salinity(5–45 at 25℃) on the incubation period and subsequent larval development. In the temperature experiment, the shortest incubation period was 12 days at 34℃, the lower temperature limit was 16℃, the longest mean shell length(1 193±17 μm) occurred at 25℃ and the highest survival rate 72.28%±5.62% was observed at 28℃. In the salinity experiment, the shortest incubation period was 15 days at 25. The salinity tolerance range was 15–40, the longest mean shell length(855±9 μm) and the highest survival rate 72.93%±4.85% were both observed at 35. This study demonstrated that, during the egg–mass stage, temperature and salinity regimes infl uence later growth and survival of larvae. These observations deepen our understanding of the ecology and conservation of natural populations of Rapana venosa.  相似文献   

太平洋牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)担轮幼虫的超低温保存研究     

韩龙江  刘清华  纪利芹  温海深  黄雯  张国范  李军 《海洋与湖沼》2014,45(6):1258-1263

本文研究了六种抗冻保护剂GLY(甘油)、DMSO(二甲基亚砜)、PG(丙二醇)、EG(乙二醇)、DMA(二甲基乙酰胺)和Me OH(甲醇)在三种不同浓度下(5%、10%、15%,v/v)对太平洋牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)担轮幼虫的毒性作用及冷冻保存的影响。太平洋牡蛎担轮幼虫毒性实验证明:抗冻保护剂的种类和浓度对太平洋牡蛎担轮幼虫产生的毒性强弱不同,在抗冻保护剂浓度为5%时,GLY、DMSO、PG、EG对太平洋牡蛎的毒性作用显著低于其他抗冻保护剂(P0.05);随着抗冻保护剂浓度增加到10%,GLY、DMSO、EG、Me OH对太平洋牡蛎担轮幼虫的毒性作用显著低于其他抗冻保护剂(P0.05);而抗冻保护剂浓度为15%时,GLY、DMSO对太平洋牡蛎担轮幼虫的毒性作用显著低于其他抗冻保护剂(P0.05),且随着抗冻保护剂浓度的升高,其对太平洋牡蛎担轮幼虫的毒性作用也增大。太平洋牡蛎担轮幼虫的超低温冷冻保存实验证明:以10%DMSO作为抗冻保护剂,采用分布降温法冷冻保存太平洋牡蛎担轮幼虫,28°C水浴解冻后担轮幼虫运动率达到(73.00±2.00)%,显著高于其他实验组(P0.05),其次为GLY组,且各浓度间差异不显著(P0.05)。该研究为太平洋牡蛎及其他贝类胚胎保存提供了科学依据,在贝类遗传育种和生物技术等方面具有一定的应用前景,具有重要的生产实践价值。  相似文献   

饥饿对条纹锯■仔鱼的存活、摄食及生长的影响     

贾瑞锦  陈超  孔祥迪  李炎璐  宋振鑫  吴雷明  王鲁  曲江波  赵从明  吴坚 《海洋科学》2014,38(4):44-49

为了确定条纹锯(Centropristis striata)仔鱼的不可逆点(PNR),作者在温度(22.9±0.8)℃、盐度30~32、DO≥5.0mg/L、pH7.8~8.2,光照强度40~100 Lx条件下,对人工孵化的条纹锯仔鱼开展饥饿胁迫对其存活、摄食、生长的变化规律的试验研究及影响。结果显示,仔鱼在孵化后2 d开口摄食,仔鱼体长开始下降,从内源营养期转入混合营养期,持续1 d;3 d时卵黄囊、油球消失,仔鱼体长增加,进入外源营养期,初次摄食率可达到68.25%。3.5 d时初次摄食率最高达到88.24%,之后初次摄食率逐渐下降,5 d时初次摄食率下降为37.5%,可知条纹锯PNR=5 d。6.5 d时试验组仔鱼全部死亡。结果表明,内源营养期对照组与试验组无显著差异,对卵黄囊与油球的利用率相似。混合营养期,仔鱼体长出现负增长,且试验组负增长速率明显高于对照组。外源营养期,试验组仔鱼体长持续下降,至PNR时体长负增长速率加快死亡率增加,直至全部死亡;对照组仔鱼体长开始增长,死亡率逐渐下降并趋于稳定。条纹锯仔鱼孵出后2~5 d为摄食的关键时期。  相似文献   

Embryonic exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of PCB126 affect prey capture ability of Fundulus heteroclitus larvae     

Couillard CM  Légaré B  Bernier A  Dionne Z 《Marine environmental research》2011,71(4):257-265

Early life stages from a marine fish species, Fundulus heteroclitus, were exposed to sublethal doses of 3,3',4,4',5 pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB126) to evaluate its effects on ecologically relevant responses: growth and behavior. A few hours after fertilisation, eggs were treated topically with PCB126 (2.5-50 pg egg?1). Four days post-hatching (dph), morphological changes (body length and malformations), spontaneous locomotor activity (active swimming speed, rate of travel, % inactivity), prey capture ability (Artemia franciscana nauplii) and whole body EROD activity were evaluated in larvae. Untreated larvae collected at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4 dph were also examined. PCB126 did not increase the mortality or malformation rates. Body length and spontaneous locomotor activity were altered only in larvae treated with the highest dose. Treatment with PCB126 caused a dose-responsive reduction in prey capture ability (rate of decline in the number of Artemia) and induction of EROD activity. The lowest observed effective dose for both of these responses was 5.0 pg PCB126 egg?1 or 5.0 TCDD-toxic equivalents pg g?1 egg, using a TCDD-toxic equivalent factor of 0.005 and an egg mass of 5 mg. Prey capture efficiency (number of Artemia captured per feeding strike) was reduced at ≥ 10.0 pg egg?1. In untreated developing larvae, prey capture ability and efficiency increased as post-hatching development progressed and EROD activity remained low. The pattern of behavioral responses observed in PCB126-exposed Fundulus larvae differed from that observed in less-developed larvae indicating that other mechanisms than retarded development were involved. Behavioral dysfunction was a more sensitive response to PCB126 than morphological alterations and it occurred at environmentally relevant concentrations.  相似文献   

Sea urchin development in a global change hotspot, potential for southerly migration of thermotolerant propagules     

M. Byrne  P. SelvakumaraswamyM.A. Ho  E. WoolseyH.D. Nguyen 《Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography》2011,58(5):712-719

The distribution of the sea urchin Heliocidaris erythrogramma coincides with the southeast Australia global change hot spot where marine ecosystems are warming significantly due to changes in ocean circulation. To address questions on future vulnerabilities, the thermotolerance of the planktonic life phase of H. erythrogramma was investigated in the climate and regionally relevant setting of projected near-future (2100) ocean warming. Experimental treatments ranged from 18 to 26 °C, with 26 °C representing +3-4 °C above recent ambient sea-surface temperatures. Developmental success across all stages (gastrula, 24 h; larva, 72 h; juvenile, 120 h) decreased with increasing temperature. Development was tolerant to a +1-2 °C increase above ambient, but significant deleterious effects were evident at +3-4 °C. However, larvae that developed through the early bottleneck of normal development at 26 °C metamorphosed successfully. The inverse relationship between temperature and planktonic larval duration (PLD) was seen in a 25% decrease in the PLD of H. erythrogramma at 24 and 26^oC. Ocean warming may be advantageous to a subset of larvae through early settlement and reduction of the vulnerable planktonic period. This positive effect of temperature may help buffer the negative effects of ocean warming. In parallel studies with progeny derived from northern (Coffs Harbour) and southern (Sydney) H. erythrogramma, northern embryos had significantly higher thermotolerance. This provides the possibility that H. erythrogramma populations might keep up with a warming world through poleward migration of thermotolerant propagules, facilitated by the strong southward flow of the East Australian Current. It is uncertain whether H. erythrogramma populations at the northern range of this species, with no source of immigrants, will have the capacity to persist in a warm ocean. Due to its extensive latitudinal distribution, its potential developmental thermotolerance and independence of its lecithotrophic larvae from exogenous food and the need to make a functional skeleton, H. erythrogramma may be particularly robust to ocean change.  相似文献   

黄河口及附近海域鱼卵和仔鱼种类组成及分布特征   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

刘霜  张继民  冷宇 《海洋通报》2011,30(6):662-667

根据2009年5月和8月2个航次对黄河口及附近海域18个站位的鱼卵和仔鱼调查资料,对该水域鱼卵仔鱼的种类组成和数量分布特征进行了分析和探讨.结果表明,鱼卵仔鱼的种类组成和数量分布呈现明显的季节变化特征;春季鱼卵仔鱼种类数高于夏季,平面分布范围大于夏季,主要优势种季节更替明显;与历史同期资料相比,鱼卵仔鱼种类和数量大幅下...  相似文献   

池养条件下军曹鱼仔鱼的消化道内容物   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

汤保贵 陈刚施钢  吴灶和 《广东海洋大学学报》2006,26(1):12-16

采用光镜解剖观察的方法对池塘培育的1-20日龄军曹鱼仔鱼消化道内容物的种类、数量和大小进行研究。结果显示：军曹鱼仔鱼于2日龄开口，主要摄食桡足类无节幼体和桡足幼体及枝角类；在2～20日龄阶段，桡足类在军曹鱼仔鱼食谱中占据主要成分；从13日龄开始摄食虾、蟹类幼体等大型浮游动物，两个阶段的食物选择性指数存在显著差异。  相似文献   

Accumulation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) associated with bottom sediments in larvae of Chironomus riparius Meigen     

《Limnologica》2021

Patterns of bioaccumulation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) by chironomid larvae (Chironomus riparius Meigen) were studied under laboratory conditions. Larvae were maintained for 20 days, separately in two batches of natural bottom sediments sampled from Rybinsk Reservoir (Russia), each differing in PCB content (425.6 μg / kg or 24.8 μg / kg dry weight, respectively). The study revealed that chironomid larvae accumulated PCBs at levels comparable to the PCB content measured in sediments from each exposure. The bioaccumulation coefficient (1.11 and 1.59, respectively, as per dry weight for compared sediment batches) depended directly on the sum PCB content in sediments. At high sediment PCB content, the ratios of homologous groups of PCBs in larvae and sediment were identical and corresponded to the Aroclor 1254 congeners profile; at lower PCB content, pronounced differences were revealed. In larvae, the ratios of 3, 4, 5, and 6CB homologues were evenly distributed at levels of 20–34 %, while the 4CB homologues prevailed (47 %) in sediments. The content of the latter compounds in larvae was lower than in sediments, and higher for the other homologous groups. The study indicates selective bioaccumulation of various homologous groups of PCBs under conditions of low sediment PCB content.  相似文献