The migration of fluid-filled grain boundaries in recrystallizing synthetic bischofite: first results of in-situ high-pressure, high-temperature deformation experiments in transmitted light   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

O. SCHENK  J. L. URAI 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2005,23(8):695-709

The effect of fluids on recrystallization behaviour is well known; however, the detailed microscale distribution of fluid in grain boundaries and the influence of fluid on grain boundary migration are still unresolved. In this study, in‐situ deformation experiments in transmitted light microscopy were undertaken, as this allows continuous and direct observation of the whole range of processes involved in fluid‐assisted grain boundary migration. A new see‐through deformation apparatus was developed to enable the control of fluid pressure. Bischofite containing small amounts of aqueous fluid was deformed at temperatures between 50 and 90 °C, over a range of fluid pressure from 0.5 to 1 MPa, and strain rates of 5 × 10^?6 to 1 × 10^?4 s^?1. The rates of grain boundary migration were measured at different temperatures and strain rates. Detailed observations during and after the deformation illustrate the evolution of migrating fluid‐filled grain boundaries and show that the incorporation of fluids from inclusions as well as their pinch‐off is dependent on the grain boundary velocity, the thickness of the grain boundary and the size and shape of the inclusions. Direct evidence is presented for the contraction of the grain boundary fluids into isolated inclusions after equilibrium conditions are attained.  相似文献   

川西坳陷南段天然气来源与碳同位素地球化学研究   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6       下载免费PDF全文

樊然学  周洪忠  蔡开平 《地球学报》2005,26(2):157-162

川西坳陷南段是四川盆地主要的天然气产区之一。前人对该区天然气的来源有多种见解。为了更清楚地认识此地区天然气的来源与运移，本文分析了平落坝、大兴西和白马庙气田16件天然气样品的C1-C4烃及CO2组份的碳同位素组成。所获得的同位素数据结合化学成份和地质资料表明，3个气田的烃类完全是热解成因的，都来源于气田下面的上三叠统烃源岩。这些气田的甲、乙烷碳同位素组成随深度呈不同规律的变化，这些变化归因于烃源岩生烃的热解过程和烃类运移的动力学过程。平落坝气田中侏罗统气藏的烃类大部份形成于烃源岩低成熟和成熟的早期阶段并受到晚期成熟气体的不断补给。平落坝和大兴西气田多数气藏的烃类被认为是从源区垂直向上运移通过上伏地层而进入气藏的，白马庙气田的烃类被认为是沿断裂通道向上侏罗统气藏聚集的。平落坝和大兴西气田的δ^13Cco2值有很宽的分布范围(-10.7‰～-0.7‰)，这表明气田的CO2由来自基底的海洋碳酸盐岩无机碳成份和沉积地层的有机碳成份混合而成。这些气田的[He／CH4]-[N2／CH4]值之间和δ^13Cco2-δ^13Cc1值之间的相关性表明，非烃气体在进入气藏前已同烃类很好地混合，并被CH4为主流相的气流携带着向气藏运移。  相似文献   

空间互相关方法在分析海底沙波迁移规律中的应用     

甘雨  马小川  阎军 《海洋学报》2019,41(4):42-52

海底沙波具有显著的活动性并能够对海底工程设施造成潜在威胁，因此对海底沙波活动性的评估一直以来受到广泛关注。目前大多数研究者仍利用平面剖面对比来分析海底沙波的迁移特征。然而，该方法难以全面高效地获取海底沙波二维平面迁移矢量。本文基于2007年和2009年的高分辨率多波束测深数据，详细阐述了空间互相关方法在分析北部湾东南海域海底沙波迁移规律中的应用过程。利用实测数据进行对比分析，获得了研究区海底沙波的活动特征，并进一步讨论了空间互相关算法中不同参数的选取对结果的影响。结果显示，利用空间互相关分析方法能够有效获取海底沙波二维迁移矢量，获得的海底沙波迁移速率和迁移方向与前人研究成果吻合，表明了该方法的可行性和可靠性。但在对实际DTM数据进行空间互相关分析时，需根据海底沙波形态、数据质量等因素选取合适的参数及矢量获取方法。本研究实验了一种确定海底沙波迁移规律的新方法，该方法将有效提升获得海底地形变化规律的效率和准确度，可获得更加精细的海底地形动力过程。  相似文献   

基于出租车上下客点的城市人口流动分析     

相恒茂  姜伟  高浠舰  杨浚  王艳东 《测绘与空间地理信息》2016,(7):31-33

掌握城市人口流动动态有利于进行交通预测、应急快速响应,以及合理的城市规划。出租车作为城市主要的交通运输工具之一,可以反映城市中人口的流动。本文以出租车上下客点数据为例,对比在工作日以及休息日的人口流动差异,分析出租车数据的空间分布及其动态变化,揭示城市人口流动模式。  相似文献   

Preservation of coal-waste geochemical markers in vegetation and soil on self-heating coal-waste dumps in Silesia,Poland     

《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2016,76(2):211-226

Occurrence and distributions of geochemical markers on vegetation and in soils covering two self-heating coal waste dumps were investigated with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and compared with those of bitumen expelled on the coal waste dump surface. Presence of biomarkers, alkyl aromatic hydrocarbons, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and such polar compounds as phenols indicate that components of self-heating coal wastes indeed migrate to soils and plants surface and their characteristic fingerprints can be applied in passive monitoring to investigate migration of contaminants from self-heating coal wastes. Moreover, results allow to discriminate between the Upper- and Lower Silesian coal basins, notwithstanding value shifts caused by heating. Mechanisms enabling the migration of geochemical compounds into soils include mixing with weathered coal-waste material, transport in gases emitted due to self-heating and, indirectly, by deposition of biomass containing geochemical substances. Transport in gases involves mostly lighter compounds such as phenols, methylnaphthalenes, methylbiphenyls, etc. Distributions and values of geochemical ratios are related to differences in their boiling temperatures in the case of lighter compounds but preserve geochemical features in the case of heavier compounds such as pentacyclic trierpanes.  相似文献   

Laboratory Simulation of the Formation Process of Surface Geochemical Anomalies Applied to Hydrocarbon Exploration     

WANG Guojian  TANG Yuping  CHENG Tongjin  TANG Junhong  FAN Ming  LU Li 《《地质学报》英文版》2016,90(6):2149-2162

The formation mechanisms and processes of geochemical anomalies used as proxies in surface geochemistry exploration (SGE) have not been well understood. Previous studies cannot realize 3D measurement of microseeping hydrocarbons from reservoirs to the surface, which made it difficult to understand the features and pathways of deep hydrocarbon microseepages. Understanding the processes of hydrocarbon microseepages will contribute to the acceptance and effectiveness of surface geochemistry. Based on a simplified geological model of hydrocarbon microseepages, including hydrocarbon reservoir, direct caprock, overlying strata and Quaternary sediments, this work established a 3D experimental system to simulate the mechanisms and processes of deep hydrocarbon microseepes extending to the surface. The dispersive halos of microseeping hydrocarbons in the subsurface were adequately described by using this 3D experimental system. Results indicate that different migration patterns of hydrocarbons above the point gas source within the simulated caprock and overlying strata can be reflected by the ratio of i-butane to n-butane (i-C4/n-C4), which follow diffusion and infiltration (buoyancy) mechanisms. This is not the case for vertical measurement lines far from the point gas source. A vertical gas flow in the form of a plume was found during hydrocarbon microseepage. For sampling methods, the high-density grid sampling is favorable for delineating prospecting targets. Hydrocarbon infiltration or buoyancy flow occurs in the zones of infiltration clusters, coupling with a diffusion mechanism at the top of the water table and forming surface geochemical anomalies. These results are significant in understanding hydrocarbon microseepage and interpreting SGE data.  相似文献   

Review of Earth Critical Zone Research   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

An Peijun  Zhang Zhiqiang  Wang Liwei 《地球科学进展》2016,31(12):1228-1234

Since the Earth Critical Zone put forward by National Research Council of America in 2001, it has got a lot of attention and some significant progresses have been made. This paper summarized those Earth Critical Zone projects and related research plans organized and implemented by the United States of America, Germany, Australia, France, China and the European Union, as well as main scientific problems and future development direction in the study of Earth Critical Zone. According to research status of China, the four main research contents should be strengthened including structure, formation and evolution mechanism of Earth Critical Zone, the coulpling interaction mechanism between migration and transformation of material and multi-processes, sevice function and evolution features of Earth Critical Zone and its support and effect on sustainable development, model simulation of process and system of Earth Critical Zone. In addition, our country should actively conduct cooperation and communication with the advanced countries, and enhance our involvement in international key research plans.  相似文献   

黄海南部小黄鱼洄游分布及种群结构特征     

熊瑛  仲霞铭  汤建华  杨健 《海洋学报(英文版)》2016,35(6):34-41

Monthly fishery survey data of the small yellow croaker Larimichthys polyactis in the southern Yellow Sea from2003 and 2013 were employed to evaluate the variation in the resource distribution and biological characteristics(especially body length and sex ratio) in the population on a decadal scale.The results indicated that the small yellow croaker migrated from the Shawai fishing ground to the Dasha fishing ground in spring and was mainly distributed in the central and western parts of the Dasha fishing ground in April and May.Larimichthys polyactis in the Dasha fishing ground migrated eastward to offshore wintering grounds in autumn and reached the central Dasha fishing ground in October and November.The small yellow croaker entered the western waters of the Shawai fishing ground in winter.A large number of age 0+ fish occurred in the Shawai and Jiangwai fishing grounds in October of 2003 and 2013.The body lengths of the spawning stock and wintering stock in 2013 were larger than those in 2003,and the monthly sex ratios(female to male) were significantly less than 1 in both years.The monthly distribution of this fish in the southern Yellow Sea was consistent with a previous finding that "the stock migrated between the wintering grounds in the west of Jeju Island and the Lüsi spawning grounds" but tended to move more northward,with the spawning grounds extending outward.In the past decade,body length variation experienced a decline after an increase,rather than a steady decrease.The sex ratio in the single-stick stow net showed a tendency to increase over the decade,but was either less than or more than 1 depending on the fishing gear;therefore,further studies should be conducted to determine the sex structure.  相似文献   

Numerical modeling study of mineralization induced by methane cold seep at the sea bottom     

《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2016

In order to investigate the response of authigenic minerals to gas hydrate geo-systems, the biogeochemical processes and its induced mineralization were predicted by employing the comprehensive reactive transport modeling approach. Based on the available data extracted from the northern continental slope area of the South China Sea, a 1-D vertical column model was developed. Three cases with different upward methane flux rates and three cases with different mineral compositions, i.e., a total of six cases were designed to investigate the effects of variations in the depth of sulfate methane transition zone (SMTZ) and in the mineral composition on the formation of authigenic minerals. The simulation results indicate that the SMTZ depth influenced by both the upward methane flux rate and the initial composition played an important role in the formation of authigenic minerals. The AOM reaction is intensive at the interface, and the precipitation amount of calcite is large, which is mainly controlled by AOM. When the methane leakage rate is 20 times higher than the base case, aragonite starts to precipitate. During the simulation, oligoclase, k-feldspar, smectite-Na, smectite-Ca, chlorite dissolved. Our study specific to this area as a starting point may provide a quantitative approach for investigating carbonate and pyrite formation in hydrate-bearing sediments accounting for methane oxidation and sulfate reduction. The method presented here and the model built in this study can be used for other sites with similar conditions. In addition, this study may serve as an indication for the potential natural gas hydrate reservoir in depth, and is also significant for marine carbon and sulfur cycle.  相似文献   

Spatial Concentration in Australian Regional Development,Exogenous Shocks and Regional Demographic Outcomes: a South Australian case study     

Peter Smailes  Trevor Griffin  Neil Argent 《The Australian geographer》2016,47(4):527-545

ABSTRACT

As a tribute to the massive contribution of our friend and colleague Graeme Hugo to the population and settlement geography of Australian rural areas, this paper presents a longitudinal study from his home State. It forms part of a wider study of the long-term demographic relationships between Australia’s rapidly growing regional cities and their surrounding functional regions. Of particular interest is the question of what effect the accelerating concentration of population and economic activity into a given regional city will have for the longer term demographic sustainability of its functional region as a whole. Taking the case of Port Lincoln, regional capital of most of South Australia’s Eyre Peninsula, it examines the nature of change in the functional region over the period 1947–2011, and investigates the forces feeding, and partly counteracting, the population concentration process, informed by concepts of evolutionary economic geography. In particular it traces the demographic impact (particularly differential migration and ageing trends) of exogenous shocks to the region’s essentially primary productive economic base during the period of major change from 1981 to 2011.  相似文献