Effects of heavy metal (Pb) concentration on some growth parameters of plants grown in lead polluted soil under organic fertilizer amendment     

Ojo M. Oseni  Adekunle A. Adelusi  Esther O. Da  Abdulfatai B. Rufai 《寒旱区科学》2016,8(1):36-45

This study investigated morphological variation and biomass accumulation that occurred in Sida acuta and Chromolaena odorata plants grown in lead polluted soil under organic fertilizer amendment. The study was carried out in the screen house at the Biological Gardens of the Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State. The experiment was a factorial combination of one heavy metal (Pb) at five levels of concentration (0, 200, 400, 800 and 1,000 mg/kg) in a completely randomized design, and were replicated three times for each of the two plants and two levels (0 g/kg and 9.4 g/kg) of organic fertilizer (OBD-Plus). Each pot was filled with 5 kg of air-dried and sieved soil and placed on a plastic tray for the collection of excess water. Two weeks after planting, seedlings of uniform height were transplanted from the nursery to experimental pots at the rate of one seedling per pot and grown for 10 weeks. The growth parameters of the plants were biomonitored for 7 weeks. After 10 weeks of treatment, the plants were harvested and dried to calculate the biomass accumulation. The two plant species performed better under fertilizer application than without it. For each of the plant species the growth parameters decreased as the levels of Pb concentration increased. Furthermore, the plants' biomass decreased significantly (p<0.05) as the levels of Pb concentration increased. The organic fertilizer helped to improve the plants' performance in lead-polluted soil.  相似文献   

Design principles for origin-destination flow maps     

Bernhard Jenny  Daniel M. Stephen  Ian Muehlenhaus  Brooke E. Marston  Ritesh Sharma  Eugene Zhang 《制图学和地理信息科学》2018,45(1):62-75

Origin-destination flow maps are often difficult to read due to overlapping flows. Cartographers have developed design principles in manual cartography for origin-destination flow maps to reduce overlaps and increase readability. These design principles are identified and documented using a quantitative content analysis of 97 geographic origin-destination flow maps without branching or merging flows. The effectiveness of selected design principles is verified in a user study with 215 participants. Findings show that (a) curved flows are more effective than straight flows, (b) arrows indicate direction more effectively than tapered line widths, and (c) flows between nodes are more effective than flows between areas. These findings, combined with results from user studies in graph drawing, conclude that effective and efficient origin-destination flow maps should be designed according to the following design principles: overlaps between flows are minimized; symmetric flows are preferred to asymmetric flows; longer flows are curved more than shorter or peripheral flows; acute angles between crossing flows are avoided; sharp bends in flow lines are avoided; flows do not pass under unconnected nodes; flows are radially distributed around nodes; flow direction is indicated with arrowheads; and flow width is scaled with represented quantity.  相似文献   

中国晚泥盆世至早三叠世楔叶类植物多样性研究^*          下载免费PDF全文

邓珍珍  熊聪慧  黄璞  薛进庄 《古地理学报》2021,23(3):565-580

化石类群的分类单元多样性和形态多样性变化是生物宏演化的2个基本方面,而以往的研究对于后者的关注较少。晚古生代的楔叶类植物易于识别,化石记录丰富,但针对这一类群多样性演化的研究还较为缺乏。基于华北板块、华南板块晚泥盆世至早三叠世楔叶类植物属、种以及叶片形态编码数据库,对楔叶类植物宏演化历程进行详细研究。中国(华北板块和华南板块)楔叶类植物的属、种丰富度在晚古生代呈现出不稳定的持续增长,表现为晚泥盆世的初始兴盛、早石炭世杜内期至早二叠世萨克马尔期的缓慢上升、早二叠世萨克马尔期至晚二叠世吴家坪期的快速上升;晚二叠世长兴期,总体的属种多样性骤减;每百万年属种多样性在二叠纪—三叠纪之交亦有明显降低。华南板块楔叶类植物的属种多样性总体上小于华北板块,达到峰值的时间为卡匹敦期—吴家坪期,而华北楔叶类植物的属级多样性在空谷期—沃德期达到峰值。中国楔叶类植物叶片的形态多样性的剧烈变化与属种丰富度并不同步,表现为法门期至韦宪期较小,在宾夕法尼亚亚纪达到峰值,随后稍微下降并在二叠纪的大部分时段保持平稳。在晚古生代的叶片形态演化过程中,楔叶类植物的叶面积由小变大、叶片由深裂至不裂、叶尖形状由分裂变为圆形或钝圆、叶轮中的叶从大小相等到大小不等并出现叶镶嵌,这可能与当时植物群落中林下层光照强度的变化有关。  相似文献   

甘肃地质灾害风险管理思考          下载免费PDF全文

郭富赟 《甘肃地质》2021,(1):16-22

本文从5个方面分析了甘肃省地质灾害风险管控面临的形势,在此基础上提出了重构包括生命至上、天人合一、主动而为、依法防灾等地质灾害风险管理科学理念,提出了地质灾害风险管理应遵循资源整合与系统设计、预防优先与抗救结合、分级防治与风险共担、工程治理与避险并重、政府主导与社会参与、应急处置与长效防范6项原则,提出了今后甘肃地质灾害风险管控应从发挥制度在地质灾害风险管控引领作用、打造积极的防灾减灾文化、推进地质灾害防治全民能力提高、强化地质灾害风险管控科技支撑、构建地质灾害隐患动态风险评估体系、加强空天地一体化专群结合监测预警网络建设、加大地质灾害综合治理力度、扩大避险搬迁覆盖面和实施力度、地质灾害防治纳入国土风险管控体系等8个方面的着力点。  相似文献   

中国沿海管角螺4个自然群体形态差异的比较   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

罗福广  李斌  罗平秀  郑惠芳  潘英 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2010,40(3)

运用多变量形态度量学方法,采用7个形态性状对中国北海、温州、湛江、连云港4个管角螺自然群体的形态变异进行分析研究.聚类分析和主成分分析结果表明,北海群体与湛江群体形态最为接近,而温州群体与连云港群体形态差异较大.主成分分析构建了4个主成分,其贡献率:主成分1为42.74%,主成分2为18.23%,主成分3为15.83%,主成分4为11.83%,累计贡献率为88.63%.建立了4个管角螺群体的判别函数,其判别准确率P_1为81.3%～95.6%,判别准确率P_2为75.0%～93.3%,综合判别率为87.3%.3种多元分析结果均认为,4个群体在形态上有一定程度的差异,与地理分布、环境、气候、生物饵料等因子有关,但差异尚未达到亚种水平.  相似文献   

编纂《气象志》的四大原则     

王鹏飞 《南京气象学院学报》1993,(1)

由于了解气象国情的需要,近年来我国各省、市、自治区气象局,都在负责编纂《气象志》。《气象志》作为《地方志》的专志之一,是《地方志》编纂工作的创举,责任重大但缺乏经验。虽各地曾提出过编写专志的普遍原则,但并未提出过编写《气象志》的特殊原则。而此项特殊原则系编《气象志》所不可或缺的。为适应此项需要,本文特阐述编纂《气象志》的四个总体大原则,即时代先进性原则、志实原则、统属原则和体例原则。至于编纂《气象志》的一些具体原则,如叙事原则、供资原则、存史原则、传人原则及著录原则等将另文阐述。  相似文献   

CT扫描参数优选对辐射防护的贡献     

李建平  马爱武  张培功  徐惠英 《CT理论与应用研究》1993,(4)

作者参照国际放射防护委员会(ICRP)1991年60号出版物规定的实践中放射防护原则,设计CT扫描中患者及公众放射防护方策,通过优选予置扫描参数和适时扫描参数,降低CT 受检者的辐射剂量,并业已经过辐射测量实验结果的证实。对此,做一介绍。  相似文献   

Variational principles for surface wave propagation on a laterally heterogeneous Earth—II. Frequency-domain JWKB theory     

Jeroen Tromp  F. A. Dahlen 《Geophysical Journal International》1992,109(3):599-619

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炼镁用白云岩的工业要求及矿床勘探工作原则     

马德广 《湖南地质》1993,12(1):62-64

皮江法炼镁工艺对白云岩原料的特定技术要求,提出了炼镁用白云岩矿床的勘探工业指标的矿床勘探原则,对我国今后进行这个矿种的勘探工作具有现实的技术户经济意义。  相似文献   

高分辨率中子俘获伽马能谱测井     

刘景林  刘际时 《煤田地质与勘探》1993,21(1):55-63

叙述了NCGS测井的原理及元素含量计算方法;解决了现场测井中计算元素含量时必须得到的参数,如等效相对探测效率曲线的刻度、探管和井液中干扰(Fe、Ti、H)份额的扣除。用自己研制的仪器经山东几个煤田钻孔实测资料验证.计算的元素含量与岩芯化学分析对照结果,其精度不低于美国PGT公司和Schlumberger公司制造的仪器。此外,还介绍了连续测量获得的谱,经处理绘制成连续曲线,首次推出S_(511)、S_B、S_H/S_B等曲线,提供多种有用地质信息。  相似文献