Changing poverty distribution in Bolivia: the role of rural–urban migration and urban services     

Greg O’Hare  Sara Rivas 《GeoJournal》2007,68(4):307-326

Bolivia is a country with high levels of poverty and inequality among its peoples and regions. For the nation and its urban and rural areas, trends in the social and spatial distribution of poverty (and extreme poverty) are identified from 1976 to 2003 using UBN data with minor support where appropriate from poverty lines. The main survey between 1992 and 2001 uses composite and selected UBN to track detailed poverty change for the country’s nine departments, its ten largest cities and a selection of other smaller urban and rural municipalities. Because of rising background increases in population in the various surveyed administrative units, many instances of relative reductions in poverty are accompanied by rising absolute increases. Marked spatial variations in poverty and development in the country over the last several decades are identified as the main driver for the country’s quickening pace of rural–urban migration. As a result, the paper concludes by assessing two different but closely related views. One investigation tests the notion that because more poor people have been living in Bolivia’s cities than in its rural areas since the mid to late 1990s, rapid rural–urban migration has simply shifted the locus of poverty from the countryside to the cities in a process called, the ‘urbanisation of poverty.’ A second, more challenging, investigation assesses the view that the flow of poor rural people to the better serviced urban areas of Bolivia has actually acted to alleviate national poverty levels.  相似文献   

新时期西部地区贫困问题研究   总被引：12，自引：1，他引：12  

刘慧 《地理研究》2001,20(4):489-497

西部地区是我国贫困面最大、贫困程度最深的地区，同时也是从类发展水平非常落后的地区，收入贫困与知识贫困、人力贫困并存。在上世纪末基本解决温饱之后，西部地区仍然面临着能否稳定脱贫、人力资源开发落后、农民税费过重等诸多扶贫新问题。在深入分析西部地区贫困特点及面临的新问题的基础上，提出了新世纪西部地区消除贫困战略的政策导向以及分三阶段实施贫困地区发展目标的基本设想。建议扶贫开发方式逐渐从以物质投入为主转向以人力资源投入为主，并与国家西部大开发中的“退耕还林（草）”、“西气东输”、“西电东送”等重大工程项目密切结合。  相似文献   

Exile and exclusion: The legacy of soviet forestry for villages in the north of Perm oblast     

Dominique Moran 《GeoJournal》2001,55(2-4):541-547

This paper explores the relationship between the forestry enterprises (leskhozi) and the inhabitants of forestry villages in the northern rayony of Perm oblast, Russian Federation in the context of the `new regional geography'. These relationships are compared with those identified between peasant farmers and collective and state farms post-1991, and a theory of the cultivation of these relationships as a coping mechanism for both households and enterprises facing difficult economic circumstances is advanced. The situation in the northern rayony is contextualised through discussion of the settlement and development history of the region, which was a recipient of forced and voluntary labour migration during the Soviet period. The paper concludes that in accordance with recent theories of post-communist regional development, the experience of transition in the northern rayony of Perm oblast is determined at least in part by its social and economic context. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

四川少数民族自治区域旅游开发与贫困缓解   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

何景明  李辉霞  何毓成  李立华 《山地学报》2003,21(4):442-448

四川少数民族自治地区是一个贫困面大、贫困程度深的区域。但它有着非常丰富的自然生态和民俗风情旅游资源,旅游业有着其他产业所无法比拟的资源优势。近年来,旅游业已成为区域新的经济增长点和国民经济的先导产业,将旅游开发与扶贫有机结合应该成为缓解贫困的有效的途径。但旅游扶贫功效的发挥是有条件的,并不是所有的旅游形式都具有同等的扶贫功效。为此文章论述了有利于贫困缓解的旅游发展战略。  相似文献   

Addressing Scottish rural fuel poverty through a regional industrial symbiosis strategy for the Scottish forest industries sector     

Barbara Illsley  Bill Lynch 《Geoforum》2007,38(1):21-32

Tackling fuel poverty is central to the delivery of the Scottish Executive’s commitment to social justice. Many Scottish rural households are not linked into the mains gas network and rely on expensive alternatives, despite being surrounded by plentiful supplies of low-cost renewable wood biomass. A regional study was undertaken to establish the potential market for pelletised wood fuel, available as a low-value by-product from the rapidly expanding Scottish forest industry sector. The wider implications of the research findings are analysed by extending the principles of industrial symbiosis from a site-specific to a regional scale. Promoting an indigenous pellet-based wood fuel market for rural Scotland would fulfil important Scottish Executive economic, social and environmental sustainability objectives. Adding off-site social symbiotic elements increases the potential for on-site technical symbiosis in nascent Scottish forest industry clusters. At present, market failure is preventing the realisation of these benefits, and the paper concludes by identifying ways in which market intermediation, through wood fuel energy service companies, might overcome the current barriers to exploiting such symbiosis.  相似文献   

地理空间要素与贫困分布的关系研究——以赫章县为例     

张兰兰  吴启明  申朝永  刘芳  陈砚国 《测绘通报》2021,(12):120-123,129

本文以赫章县为例,以乡镇为研究单元,从地形地貌、土地资源、交通条件等方面构建地理空间要素评价指标。并利用地理探测器、地理加权回归模型等方法,从空间的视角科学分析地理空间要素对贫困化空间分布的影响,揭示了贫困程度与资源环境的空间分布规律,为实现因地制宜、精准脱贫,以及巩固脱贫摘帽成果提供了决策参考。  相似文献   

中国11个集中连片特困区贫困程度比较研究——基于综合发展指数计算的视角   总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8  

丁建军 《地理科学》2014,(12):1418-1427

综合比较11个集中连片特困区的贫困程度对于更好地实施连片特困区区域发展与扶贫攻坚战略十分重要。基于"发展"与"贫困"之间的对应关系,通过构建涵盖经济、社会和生态3个维度24项指标的综合发展指标体系,测算和比较分析了11个集中连片特困区的贫困程度。结果表明:1在经济、社会和生态3个维度中,11个集中连片特困区的经济发展严重滞后,经济贫困相对更为突出,社会服务有所改善,但仍然十分落后,生态条件较好、生态负荷较小,但生态脆弱性不容忽视;2 11个集中连片特困区的贫困程度在空间上呈"东部-北部-西南部"走向依次递增的特征,西南腹地是中国贫困的"重灾区";3 11个集中连片特困区在人均GDP、人均财政收入、农村居民人均纯收入、平均受教育年限、万人科技人员数等反映经济发展水平和区域自我发展能力的指标上较为相似,但在建制村硬化公路通达率、人口密度、九年义务教育巩固率、村卫生室普及率和青壮年文盲率等表征社会公共服务的指标上具有明显差异。  相似文献   

安徽省大别山区扶贫开发的产业选择和发展对策     

孙贤斌  王哲 《亚热带资源与环境学报》2014,(4)

大别山区扶贫开发和功能区生态环境保护是目前人们所广泛关注的重要课题。合理发展产业经济是实现国家重要生态功能区环境保护和脱贫的重要途径。结合大别山区贫困县的生态功能定位和产业基础,构建生态产业集中发展区和生态经济综合配套区,以六安市为例选择优势主导产业、各贫困县的生态产业,且提出生态补偿式扶贫开发中产业具体发展对策。  相似文献   

情感地理视角下脱贫村农户情感重构——以湖南省十八洞村为例     

陈驰蕊  何峰  汤放华 《热带地理》2022,42(4):579-591

以湖南省花垣县十八洞村为案例地,以“留守”农户和“返乡”农户为研究对象,基于情感地理视角,通过深度访谈法和参与式观察法探究了精准扶贫政策影响下农户情感重构及其重构机制。结果表明：1）脱贫村农户情感重构主要包括归属感、幸福感、风险厌恶感、相对剥夺感和失落感5个维度的重构,这些维度相互影响、相互制约。2）精准扶贫政策的实施使得脱贫村农户地方归属感上升,幸福感增强,风险厌恶感下降。然而,扶贫力度的不均衡导致农户间的相对剥夺感增强,传统文化的消解和社会关系的重构等使得农户产生失落感。3）在脱贫村农户情感重构过程中,农户认知是核心力量,政府行动起主导作用,企业行动发挥辅助作用。政府和企业行动通过重构乡村地域系统的物质空间、经济空间和社会空间刺激乡村地域主体即农户认知转变,继而引发情感的重构。  相似文献   

Rehabilitation and Sustainable Use Pattern of Rocky-desertified Land in Southwest China''s Poverty-stricken Karst Mountainous Areas——A Case Study in Benggu Township, Xichou County, Yunnan, China     

YANG Zisheng  LIU Yansui  BAO Guangjing  LI Zhiguo  HE Yimei 《山地科学学报》2006,(3)

  相似文献