全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2844篇 |
免费 | 496篇 |
国内免费 | 413篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 129篇 |
大气科学 | 398篇 |
地球物理 | 945篇 |
地质学 | 1220篇 |
海洋学 | 327篇 |
天文学 | 3篇 |
综合类 | 160篇 |
自然地理 | 571篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 22篇 |
2023年 | 60篇 |
2022年 | 130篇 |
2021年 | 143篇 |
2020年 | 143篇 |
2019年 | 165篇 |
2018年 | 142篇 |
2017年 | 117篇 |
2016年 | 150篇 |
2015年 | 127篇 |
2014年 | 218篇 |
2013年 | 241篇 |
2012年 | 166篇 |
2011年 | 177篇 |
2010年 | 164篇 |
2009年 | 149篇 |
2008年 | 176篇 |
2007年 | 159篇 |
2006年 | 184篇 |
2005年 | 116篇 |
2004年 | 110篇 |
2003年 | 89篇 |
2002年 | 86篇 |
2001年 | 69篇 |
2000年 | 56篇 |
1999年 | 49篇 |
1998年 | 56篇 |
1997年 | 34篇 |
1996年 | 50篇 |
1995年 | 49篇 |
1994年 | 38篇 |
1993年 | 30篇 |
1992年 | 29篇 |
1991年 | 15篇 |
1990年 | 10篇 |
1989年 | 7篇 |
1988年 | 8篇 |
1987年 | 2篇 |
1986年 | 3篇 |
1985年 | 4篇 |
1984年 | 5篇 |
1983年 | 2篇 |
1982年 | 1篇 |
1978年 | 1篇 |
1977年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有3753条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
101.
I.Y. Malchikova 《冰川冻土》2004,26(Z1):206-209
The development of North Transbaikalye mineral resources (e. g. the Chiney deposit of iron titanium-vanadium-magnetite ores and Udokan copper deposits) is impossible without the establishment of industrial and transport infrastructure, one component of which are linear engineering constructions (drive railways, by-line auto roads, platform passages, protecting constructions, and others). However,on condition of spreading permafrost rocks this is conjugated with certain ecological risk just as from the transport network objects so for the objects themselves. A special attention is paid in the paper to considering of problems of projecting and constructing railways on the Udokan ridge. 相似文献
102.
Introduction Since 1920s, with increasing awareness of disaster prevention and reduction in various as-pects and gradually deepened development of International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction (IDNDR) activities in China, the role and position of disaster risk analysis and risk management work are increasingly prominent. In the final report of the IDNDR activities in 1999, the Science and Technology Committee of IDNDR had presented 5 challenge fields, which the international dis… 相似文献
103.
Perceptions of hazard and risk on Santorini 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Dale Dominey-Howes Despina Minos-Minopoulos 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》2004,137(4):4
Santorini, Greece is a major explosive volcano. The Santorini volcanic complex is composed of two active volcanoes—Nea Kameni and Mt. Columbo. Holocene eruptions have generated a variety of processes and deposits and eruption mechanisms pose significant hazards of various types. It has been recognized that, for major European volcanoes, few studies have focused on the social aspects of volcanic activity and little work has been conducted on public perceptions of hazard, risk and vulnerability. Such assessments are an important element of establishing public education programmes and developing volcano disaster management plans. We investigate perceptions of volcanic hazards on Santorini. We find that most residents know that Nea Kameni is active, but only 60% know that Mt. Columbo is active. Forty percent of residents fear that negative impacts on tourism will have the greatest effect on their community. In the event of an eruption, 43% of residents would try to evacuate the island by plane/ferry. Residents aged >50 have retained a memory of the effects of the last eruption at the island, whereas younger residents have no such knowledge. We find that dignitaries and municipal officers (those responsible for planning and managing disaster response) are informed about the history, hazards and effects of the volcanoes. However, there is no “emergency plan” for the island and there is confusion between various departments (Civil Defense, Fire, Police, etc.) about the emergency decision-making process. The resident population of Santorini is at high risk from the hazards associated with a future eruption. 相似文献
104.
105.
106.
107.
通过大量的现场调查数据与统计工作结果,采用了多种岩体质量分级评价方案,对澜沧江某水电站左岸地下式厂房岩体质量进行了精细的评价,最后将各种结果进行对比分析,得到一个合理、科学的综合岩体质量综合评价分级。并根据评价结果,作出了研究区坝址左岸地下式厂房岩体在不同高程的岩体质量分区图,为下一步的参数选取工作奠定了必要的基础。 相似文献
108.
大渡河次级支流斯合沟泥石流特征研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
泥石流作为地质环境较差、的山区的主要自然灾害之一,对它的研究尤其是泥石流规律方面的研究已取得了较大的成绩。但是对于泥石流的研究思路却有待进一步发展和完善,这在很大程度上将对山区的工程建设有很重要的指导意义。论文从工程地质研究思路的角度出发,对位于大渡河支流官料河上某水电站下闸址区的斯合沟泥石流进行了研究。文中采用工程地质分析的方法对大渡河次级支流斯台沟泥石流的形成环境(地层岩性条件、构造条件、地貌条件、气象条件、植被发育及人类活动)、基本特征(泥石流沟的基本特征、泥石流的堆积特征)进行了系统的研究,提出了该泥石流的形成演化过程及其机制模型(初期是堰塞式沟谷型泥石流,后期逐渐转向汇聚式沟谷型泥石流)。并在此基础上对泥石流沟沿岸的岸坡稳定性(可能泥石流的物源)等进行了评价分析。将定性分析和定量分析相结合,对泥石流的活动趋势以及可能泥石流的体积(未来泥石流形成将主要是在面蚀和沟蚀作用下的坡面泥石流。泥石流规模较小,且由于沟谷中下游坡降的进一步减缓,形成的泥石流物质一般将沿途停积.实际进入官料河内的体积很小)做出了较为科学的评价预测。经过这样的系统分析对工程建设中的泥石流防治有着积极的指导意义。 相似文献
109.
While laboratory and analytical studies can provide valuable information about earthquake hazard mitigation, the most effective educator is the impact of a full-scale earthquake on a full-scale city. The recent earthquakes in Turkey showed that the governmental as well as individual attitudes towards earthquakes did not represent proportionate responses to the risk levels concerned. Turkey had weaknesses in preparing, planning, mitigating and responding to disasters in spite of the known seismic vulnerability of the country. Many steps have been taken after 1999 earthquakes in Turkey, however, the preparations largely concentrate on the response and recovery phases and a fundamental step to reform the current disaster management system and steps to rehabilitate the vulnerable building stock has not been undertaken until today. This would involve changing the present laws and regulations and de-centralising the disaster management system. The aim of this paper is to propose a national mitigation strategy for Turkey for a time-frame of 10 years. The model proposed is a very comprehensive model for earthquake risk reduction in Turkey and within this context, the legislative and technical aspects of mitigation will be discussed in detail. Strategies for mitigating and retrofitting the existing building stock will also be proposed. 相似文献
110.
Agro-meteorological hazards such as drought, waterlogging and cool summer occur with very high frequency and affect maize production and social-economic development in the maize-growing region of Songliao Plain, China. Moreover, both the frequency of these hazards and loss from them are considered to be increasing with global warming. The purpose of this paper is to quantitatively analyze the relationships between the fluctuation of maize yield and drought, waterlogging and cool summer, and to evaluate the consequences of these hazards in the maize-growing area of Songliao Plain, taking Lishu county as a case study area based on GIS (Geographic Information System). Crop yield-climate analysis and regression analysis were employed to analyze and quantify relationships between the fluctuation of maize yield and drought, waterlogging and cool summer, and to evaluate the consequences of these hazards. The parameters and model of damage evaluation were presented using weighted comprehensive analysis, and the degree of damage of drought, waterlogging and cool summer to maize production was comprehensively evaluated and regionalized. It is shown that from 1949 to 1990, the negative value years of the fluctuation of maize yield due to meteorological hazards accounted for 55% of seasons, of which 14% was caused by drought, 30% by waterlogging, 4% by cool summer and drought, 9% by cool summer and waterlogging, 13% by drought and waterlogging, 30% by drought, waterlogging and cool summer. Studies on the instability and spatial variation of the fluctuations in maize yield in Lishu county showed that the middle plains are stable areas to climatic influence, while southeastern hills and low mountains, the low lands of the plains along the East Liao River and the western plain are unstable areas in terms of areas in maize yield. The synthetic index of the degree of damage to maize of drought, waterlogging and cool summer showed a strong positive correlation with the ratio of the amount damaged to the normal yield of maize. This suggests that this index can be used to evaluate such damage. The degree of damage of drought, waterlogging and cool summer to maize in Lishu county shows the regional characteristics, which increase gradually from the center to the west and east, this being almost identical with the spatial distribution of the fluctuation of maize yield due to these hazards. This study can be expected to provide the basis for developing strategies to mitigate agro-meteorological hazards and reducing the losses from them, and adjust the medium and long-term distribution of agricultural activities so as to adapt to environmental changes. 相似文献