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31.
本研究利用高通量测序技术分析小鼠喂食鲣鱼(Katsuwonus pelamis)鱼油和鱼白酶解液后肠道微生物的多样性、群落组成以及结构的变化,探讨高蛋白、高脂肪饮食对人类健康的影响。研究结果显示:喂食鱼油组小鼠的肠道微生物丰富且多样。在门水平上,对照组和鱼油组的优势菌门为拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes);鱼白组的优势菌门为厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)。在科水平上,对照组和鱼油组中的优势菌科为Muribaculaceae;鱼白组中的优势菌科为毛螺菌科(Lachnospiraceae)。在属水平上,对照组和鱼油组中的优势菌属为Muribaculum;鱼白组中的优势菌为Lachnoclostridium;对照组、鱼油组和鱼白组小鼠的肠道微生物群落中瘤胃球菌属(Ruminococcus)和拟杆菌属(Bacteroides)等丰度较高。在种水平上,对照组和鱼油组中的优势菌为Muribaculum intestinale;鱼白组中的优势菌为解糖梭菌(Clostridium saccharolyticum)。研究结果证明鲣鱼鱼油和鱼白可以调节菌群结构和组成,增加肠道有益菌,减少病原菌的丰度等。 相似文献
32.
An adult male sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus L.) which stranded in Hawke's Bay, New Zealand, was found to have seven erupted teeth in its upper jaw—six on the left side, and one on the right side. Each upper tooth lay in the side of the pit into which the corresponding lower tooth fitted, and two bore a groove consistent with contact with a lower tooth. 相似文献
33.
For the first time in decades, multiple lesions on the exoskeleton of wild caught American lobsters (Homarus americanus) were observed in eastern Canada in 2005 and 2006. These lesions were similar to those observed since the mid 1990s in the eastern United States. Of the 12 lobsters examined, 8 were males. Scanning electron microscopy showed a dense population of rod‐shaped bacteria associated with the breakdown of the first layer of cuticle. However, the ability of bacteria to fully penetrate the carapace is unknown. The shell disease did not seem to be immediately fatal and was often associated with alterations in the histoarchitecture of several internal organs (i.e., testis, vas deferens, hepatopancreas, and gills). For instance, follicle cells responsible for spermatogenesis were damaged, resulting in deformed and non‐viable spermatozoa in the testis and vas deferens. In contrast, the female reproductive organ did not show any abnormalities. R‐cells responsible for the storage of lipids and glycogen in the hepatopancreas were severely damaged or destroyed, indicating stress and starvation. Beside necrosis and calcification of gill filaments, debris between the gill filaments was also observed that would limit ion exchange and cause metabolic exhaustion. It does not seem that shell disease was the causative agent or a vector for the pathological conditions of internal organs, but one of the symptoms of a common agent affecting the internal organs. Although shell disease was observed in several areas in eastern Canada, its prevalence was low, in contrast to the epizootic shell disease observed in Long Island Sound, Rhode Island and southern Massachusetts, United States. 相似文献
34.
35.
应用单因素试验和三因素正交试验研究了温度、二甲基亚砜(DMSO)浓度及精子密度等因素对九孔鲍(Haliotis diversicolor supertextexta)精子短期保存的影响。单因素试验结果表明: DMSO、维生素C、甘油、葡萄糖等添加剂中仅5%和7. 5% DMSO有利于精子活力的保持; 3个试验温度中28℃精子活力下降速度最快,其次为1℃, 最慢是5℃; 稀释度越高精子活力下降速度越快。正交试验中, 九孔鲍精液分别在25个保存条件下保存96 h, 保存期间每隔一段时间取样观察精子活力。25 个处理的活力变化数据用生长函数拟合, 根据拟合方程计算出精子活力半衰期, 并对结果进行直观分析及方差分析。结果表明, 较理想的精子保存条件是: 温度为7℃, DMSO质量分数为3%, 精子密度为7.5×108个/mL; 各因素对精子活力半衰期的影响按精子密度、温度、DMSO密度顺序递减; 精子密度对精子活力半衰期有显著影响(P<0.05) , 温度及DMSO浓度的影响不显著(P>0.05) 。 相似文献
36.
Evaluation of the damage in fish spermatozoa cryopreservation 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Cryodamages occur during sperm cryopreservation. Cryopreservation of fish sperm usually results in marked decrease in sperm quality, such as swelling or disruption of the plasma membrane, mitochondrial dysfunction, diminished sperm motility, impaired velocity, shorter motility period, denaturation, and release of some enzymes from spermatozoa. In this paper, damages in morphology, physiology, biochemistry and metabolism, and genetic integrity of fish semen after cryopreservation are discussed. New approaches in assessment of fish thawed sperm quality such as computer assisted sperm analysis, flow cytometic analysis combined with fluorescent probes and single cell gel electrophoresis are also briefly reviewed. 相似文献
37.
在不同海水温度和不同精子密度条件下对四倍体(4n)与二倍体(2n)太平洋牡蛎(Crassostrea gigasThunberg)离体精子的存活能力进行了比较.结果表明,四倍体与二倍体太平洋牡蛎精子的存活时间均随水温的升高和密度的降低而缩短,四倍体牡蛎精子的存活能力低于二倍体.四倍体牡蛎精子在海水温度10℃可存活8 h,在28℃仅存活2 h;二倍体牡蛎精子在10℃可存活12 h,在28℃仅存活4 h.四倍体牡蛎精子在较高密度(6.4×10<'7>个/Ml)下可存活8 h,较低密度(2.0×106个/Ml)下低于1 h;在与四倍体牡蛎精子相同的高、低密度下,二倍体存活时间分别超过10 h和1 h. 相似文献
38.
Different sperm allocation strategies in two populations of the semiterrestrial crab Neohelice granulata (Brachyura,Grapsoidea, Varunidae) 下载免费PDF全文
Sperm reserves are costly to produce and so the development of different sperm allocation strategies may be advantageous. Knowledge of sperm allocation strategies is important from an evolutionary perspective because they contribute to characterize mating systems. However, population differences in sperm allocation strategies of the same species have rarely been assessed. Here, we studied the male sperm allocation strategies in two different populations of Neohelice granulata in Mar Chiquita Lagoon (MCL) and San Antonio Oeste (SAO), Argentina. We found that the quantity of ejaculate transferred by N. granulata males depended on different factors such as male size and female receptivity duration, while it was independent of female size, at both study areas. Regarding the operational sex ratio factor, the amount of ejaculate transferred depended on it in MCL but not in SAO. Thus, N. granulata males may have the capacity to regulate the quantity of ejaculate transferred based on individual factors such as their own size and female receptivity duration, and population factors such as operational sex ratio, which varies in the two populations studied. 相似文献
39.
Multiple paternity in the common long‐armed octopus Octopus minor (Sasaki, 1920) (Cephalopoda: Octopoda) as revealed by microsatellite DNA analysis 下载免费PDF全文
Multiple paternity was assessed in Octopus minor using microsatellite DNA markers. Octopus minor adults were captured in traps and kept in indoor cement ponds. The females spawned after several days. Ten broods (B1–B10), each containing 15 embryos and the maternal octopus, were maintained until the embryos reached the stage at which DNA could be extracted and used for genotyping. Multiple paternity was tested using five microsatellite DNA markers and the results proved the hypothesis that multiple paternity occurs in O. minor (observed in six out of the 10 broods). Analysis with GERUD software gave the minimum number of fathers and showed that four broods were sired by a single male, three were sired by two different males and three were sired by three different males. In brood B10, the number of fathers identified by the single‐locus method was one fewer than that by the GERUD method. Of the six multiple paternity broods, four (66.7%) showed significant skew from equal paternal contributions, which indicated that sperm competition and/or cryptic female choice may be important for post‐copulatory paternity bias in this species. 相似文献
40.
ABSTRACT The length-frequency distribution of sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) was studied on the east coast of NZ using passive acoustic recorders moored offshore of Kaikoura, Cape Palliser and Castlepoint. Sperm whale’s echolocation signals are unique among odontocete species. Their clicks are composed by multiple pulses resulting from the sound transmission within the whale head. The total length of the whales can be estimated by measuring the time delay between these pulses. A total of 997 length measurements were obtained from click trains using cepstral analysis (mean?=?14.6?m; min?=?9.6?m; max?=?18.3?m; std?=?1?m). The size-frequency distributions at all three locations were similar, although animals smaller than 12?m were not present offshore of Kaikoura. Animals of various sizes appeared to be present all year round, with no apparent seasonality in the occurrence of any size class. 相似文献