共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 511 毫秒
1.
金乌贼(Sepia esculenta)繁殖模式的分子学鉴定 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
我国金乌贼自然资源日渐衰退,为制定相应的保护措施,需要对金乌贼的繁殖模式进行分析研究。本实验在青岛海域采捕活体金乌贼成体22只,进行室内繁育。根据形态学判定参与受精产卵雌性有2只(F8,F18)雄性18只。为了进一步探索金乌贼的繁殖模式,对雌体F2纳精囊处交配后留下的精荚中的精子进行了微卫星DNA标记检测,发现至少2个雄性参与交配行为;同时,随机选取子代幼体87只,利用8个DNA微卫星位点进行亲权鉴定。结果表明:F8个体是42只幼体的母本,而剩余45只的母本是F18,由F8产卵孵化的幼体潜在父本是M4和M5,由F18产卵孵化的幼体潜在父本是M12和M13,每一个雌性可能与至少2个潜在雄性交配并受精。分析结果显示金乌贼繁殖模式存在一雌多雄关系,为科学维持和保护原种基因库,有的放矢地进行繁育、增养殖和人工放流工作提供重要支撑。 相似文献
2.
《African Journal of Marine Science》2013,35(2):145-153
This study investigated multiple mating in three species of intertidal klipfishes (family Clinidae): super klipfish Clinus superciliosus, bluntnose klipfish Clinus cottoides, and nosestripe klipfish Muraenoclinus dorsalis. These species display the rare reproductive mode of female vivipary with superfetation, a phenomenon where offspring at various stages of development are found within the female. Three or four microsatellite loci were used to genotype 25–30 adults of each species, as well as embryos of 131 C. superciliosus from six broods, 103 C. cottoides from six broods, and 63 M. dorsalis from five broods. The presence of multiple mating by females was assessed by maximum-likelihood sibship reconstruction implemented in the program COLONY, and the non-random distribution of reproductive success among individuals (reproductive skew) within broods was tested using the binomial skew index. Multiple mating by females was pervasive and observed in 83%, 100% and 80% of the broods of C. superciliosus, C. cottoides and M. dorsalis, respectively. The mean number of sires per brood was 4.3, 3.0 and 3.2, and, correspondingly, 5/5, 5/6 and 1/4 of multiply-sired broods showed significant reproductive skew in C. superciliosus, C. cottoides and M. dorsalis, respectively. The presence of pronounced reproductive skew may indicate post-copulatory processes taking place that bias paternity. We compared our results on multiple mating within the klipfish family, and with four other fish families that have vivipary with superfetation, and found the klipfish patterns were among those of live-bearing vertebrate groups with the highest average numbers of sires per brood. 相似文献
3.
4.
《African Journal of Marine Science》2013,35(3):281-289
The blacktip shark Carcharhinus limbatus is a cosmopolitan species found in warm-temperate, subtropical and tropical waters around the world. The research here aimed to assess whether multiple paternity exists in South African C. limbatus and to confirm phylogeographic patterns previously observed within the species. A minimum and maximum frequency of 50% and 71% multiple paternity, respectively, were observed in 14 litters genotyped with five microsatellite markers. Based on the mitochondrial control region, relatively high nucleotide and haplotype diversity characterised the South African sampling population, and pairwise φST values indicated that it significantly differed from the populations of the Pacific and the western Atlantic oceans. The haplotype network showed that the South African samples were grouped closely with the Australian, Indo-Pacific and West African C. limbatus samples, which is suggestive of an Indo-Pacific origin for this population. This study is the first to report multiple paternity in this species. Furthermore, the results reveal that C. limbatus from South Africa is genetically diverse and phylogeographically distinct from most other C. limbatus populations. 相似文献
5.
为了解许氏平鲉(Sebastes schlegelii)微卫星标记与生长性状的相关性,选取26个微卫星标记在海捕许氏平鲉群体中进行微卫星筛选,每个微卫星位点的等位基因数(Na)在3~21,有效等位基因数(Ne)为1.1815~15.5676;观测杂合度(Ho)范围为0.0417~0.9999;期望杂合度(He)范围为0.1581~0.9456;多态信息含量(PIC)范围为0.1509~0.9320。利用单标记分析法分析了多态性较高(PIC0.5)的22个标记与体长、体质量、体高的相关性,结果显示3个标记与生长性状显著相关,其中HJ2-32与体长、体质量和体高显著相关(P0.05),并推断等位基因D与C对于体质量、体长、体高分别具有重要的正向与负向影响;HJ7-2与体质量显著相关;HJ7-22与体长显著相关,并推测等位基因F对体长具有正向影响,等位基因B对体长有负面影响。这些标记可为许氏平鲉分子标记辅助育种提供基础。 相似文献
6.
采用光滑河蓝蛤和菲律宾蛤仔两种双壳贝类培养长蛸幼体,分析其生长和存活情况。结果显示,长蛸初孵幼体无外卵黄,体表光滑,第一对腕(最长腕)约为胴长的2.9倍,腕吸盘两列,第1—4对腕平均吸盘数(n=3)分别为66±4.60、55±3.76、43±4.59和41±3.82;1—15d幼体投喂的是光滑河蓝蛤(壳长15.4—20.3mm),之后投喂菲律宾蛤仔(壳长33.2—39.3mm);幼体30d—70d总成活率由80.99%降至54.65%;整个培育过程中,幼体生长率与饵料效率呈极显著线性回归关系(P0.01),y=1.452x-2.731(R2=0.865);1—80d胴长/全长比增幅高于腕长/全长,表明胴体增长快于腕的增长;各腕吸盘数变化不显著;幼体鲜重与培养天数呈指数函数关系,Wt=0.301e0.010t(R2=0.854,P0.01);长蛸幼体最终生长率为122.05%,平均生长率为9.97%/10d。 相似文献
7.
Johannes Dambach Michael J. Raupach Florian Leese Julia Schwarzer Jan O. Engler 《Marine Ecology》2016,37(6):1336-1344
The coherency among larval stages of marine taxa, ocean currents and population connectivity is still subject to discussion. A common view is that organisms with pelagic larval stages have higher dispersal abilities and therefore show a relatively homogeneous population genetic structure. Contrary to this, local genetic differentiation is assumed for many benthic direct developers. Specific larval or adult migratory behavior and hydrographic effects may significantly influence distribution patterns, rather than passive drifting abilities alone. The Southern Ocean is an ideal environment to test for the effects of ocean currents on population connectivity as it is characterized by several well‐defined and strong isolating current systems. In this study we studied the genetic structure of the decapod deep‐sea shrimp Nematocarcinus lanceopes, which has planktotrophic larval stages. We analysed 194 individuals from different sample localities around the Antarctic continent using nine microsatellite markers. Consistent with a previous study based on mitochondrial DNA markers, primarily weak genetic patterns among N. lanceopes populations around the continent were found. Using ocean resistance modeling approaches we were able to show that subtle genetic differences among populations are more likely explained by ocean currents rather than by geographic distance for the Atlantic Sector of the Southern Ocean. 相似文献
8.
根据自行分离的翘嘴鳜微卫星序列（GenBank登录号：DQ789247-DQ789306）设计并合成20对微卫星引物,对鳜属鱼类4个物种即翘嘴鳜、大眼鳜、斑鳜和暗鳜共80个个体进行了物种鉴定分析.结果表明,20对微卫星引物共检测到293个等位基因,大小在80-301bp之间.它们在4个物种中的多态性位点百分率分别为90%、75%、85%和85%,累积个体识别率和非父排除率均达到0.9999,属于高识别力的微卫星遗传标记系统,可以用来进行鳜属鱼类物种的鉴定分析.UPGMA聚类分析表明,翘嘴鳜与暗鳜之间亲缘关系最近,可归属于第Ⅰ类;大眼鳜为第Ⅱ类;斑鳜独自为第Ⅲ类.本研究可为鳜属鱼类的分类及进化关系、群体遗传结构分析等提供理论支持,为野生原种鳜类遗传多样性的监测和评估以及鳜类优良的种质资源得到合理保护和开发利用奠定基础. 相似文献
9.
The present study used two mitochondrial markers (16S rRNA and COI) to assess the genetic diversity of a newly founded Lessepsian migrant mussel, Brachidontes pharaonis, in Tunisian waters. The species appears to be restricted to only one population in Rades Harbour, in the northern part of the country. Phylogenetic analyses revealed the monophyly of B. pharaonis in Tunisia. Both molecular markers revealed high genetic variability of the B. pharaonis population. Haplotype networks and demographic analyses confirmed the recent expansion events within this population. Multiple human-mediated introduction events involving several founder populations and intensive population growth rates are probably the main causes of the high polymorphism observed within this invasive mollusc. 相似文献
10.
The population dynamics and life cycle of Idotea balthica basteri (Pallas, 1772) were studied at the Menzel Jemil (lagoon of Bizerte, Tunisia) based on monthly samples taken from October 2009 to September 2011. The presence of juveniles and gravid females throughout the sampling period showed that this species exhibits continuous reproduction. Sexual differentiation occurs in approximately 43–59 days. Females took 88–160 days (3–5.5 months) to reach sexual maturation, and males took 102 days (3.5 months). The fecundity and fertility values exhibited a great variation in the number of eggs and embryos or mancae inside the marsupium which was correlated with the length of the gravid females. The sex ratio underwent fluctuations throughout the sampling period but was always in favour of females. Size frequency distributions were analysed recognizing 24 cohorts during the sampling period. Six cohorts were identified in October 2009 and 18 cohorts in November 2009–September 2011. Among these latter cohorts, nine were tracked till they disappeared. The minimum average size of new cohorts ranged from 1.92 ± 0.31 to 2.97 ± 0.26 mm and the maximum values ranged from 12.83 ± 0.96 to 19.23 ± 0.56 mm. Life span was estimated at 10–14 months. I. balthica basteri, in the lagoon of Bizerte, is a semi‐annual species with iteroparous females, and a bivoltine life cycle that produces two generations per year. 相似文献
11.
2019~2020年在三峡库区巫山(WS)、万州(WZ)、丰都(FD)、涪陵(FL)4个采样点采集到新建短颌鲚(Coilia brachygnathus)种群153尾个体,基于鳞片和10个微卫星DNA标记进行年龄结构、生长特征与遗传多样性分析。结果显示,短颌鲚种群体长分布范围为102.1~301.6mm,平均体长(196.6±40.0)mm;体重分布范围为1.90~79.70g,平均体重(17.70±13.06)g。短颌鲚种群年龄组为1~5龄,其中2龄和3龄为优势年龄组,占总个体数的82.35%。体长-体重呈幂函数指数关系,属于正异速生长类型。微卫星DNA标记分析结果显示,10个微卫星位点共检测到82个等位基因,各群体平均等位基因数(Na)为5.600 0~7.300 0,平均有效等位基因数(Ne)为3.541 4~3.831 5,平均观测杂合度(Ho)为0.617 7~0.700 0,平均期望杂合度(He)为0.682 3~0.702 9之间,平均多态信息含量(PIC)为0.628 5~0.648 4。4个群体的遗传多样性水平均较高,呈现出由三峡库区下游至上游逐渐减小的特点。遗传结构分析结果显示,群体间遗传分化水平很低,遗传变异主要来源于个体内部。结果表明,三峡库区短颌鲚种群处于快速扩张阶段,4个群体均具有较丰富的遗传多样性,遗传结构未发生显著群体分化,群体间基因交流频繁。由此提示,三峡库区短颌鲚很可能来源于三峡大坝下种群扩张迁入三峡库区水域而繁殖建群。 相似文献
12.
Spawning, phases of embryonic development, intracapsular feeding mechanism and development mode of banded murex Hexaplex trunculus (Linnaeus, 1758) were examined using specimens from the Aegean Sea. In addition, the numbers and characteristics of non‐viable nurse eggs during different phases were examined in relation to the development phases of viable embryos. Females spawned between 59 and 162 egg capsules containing 306.76 ± 50.74 eggs. Trochophore larvae first appeared on the 15th day after spawning. Nurse egg consumption began on the 17th day after spawning when the embryos reached the early veliger stage. In the beginning, veligers consumed the nurse eggs by mechanically disintegrating them with velar cilia movement. From the 18th day after spawning, embryos began to consume whole nurse eggs, although mechanical disintegration continued until hatching. Viable embryos consumed the most developed nurse eggs first. The average number of nurse eggs consumed per embryo was 24.67 by the end of the intracapsular period. The average number of hatchlings was 11.95 ± 3.81 per capsule with 1321.48 ± 133.1 μm shell length. According to our observations H. trunculus shows dispersal polymorphism, with most of the hatchlings completing metamorphosis after a short planktonic non‐feeding period (up to 2 days), while others metamorphose prior to hatching. Planktonic hatchlings had both foot and well developed four‐lobed velum and minimum 1 3/4 whorls. Both hatchling types could be seen in the capsule mass from the same female. 相似文献
13.
本研究旨在从DNA分子水平上研究中国鲎(Tachypleus tridentatus)种群遗传多样性及种群结构等相关信息,以期为保护其野生群体种质资源提供科学依据。本研究通过生物素—磁珠富集法筛选微卫星标记,构建中国鲎基因组微卫星文库。基因组DNA经Fast Digest Tru1I酶切后,选取400 bp~1000 bp片段,用生物素标记的(GT)15、(CT)15混合探针与其杂交,杂交复合物与链霉亲和素磁珠结合,捕获含有重复序列的微卫星片段,纯化后连接PMD19-T载体克隆,构建基因组微卫星文库。从334个阳性克隆中随机选取196个片段大于400 bp的阳性克隆进行测序,共获得127个微卫星序列,其中完美型占69.3%、非完美型占11.0%、复合型占19.7%。除探针使用的GT和CT的重复序列外,还筛选到多碱基GCT、TGG、AAAC、ACAA、GATTT、TTTTA的重复序列。根据微卫星序列设计选择合成40对引物,结果显示其中3对具有较高多态性,可作为进一步评价中国鲎野生种质资源等遗传信息的有效遗传标记。 相似文献
14.
Mitochondrial DNA variation reveals distinct lineages in Penaeus semisulcatus (Decapoda,Penaeidae) from the Indo‐West Pacific Ocean 
下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Penaeus semisulcatus, the green tiger prawn, is an ecologically and economically important penaeid shrimp in the Indo‐West Pacific region, especially in rice‐shrimp farming and capture fisheries in Bangladesh and Sri Lanka, respectively. Genetic variation and phylogeography of samples of this species from Bangladesh and Sri Lanka were studied utilizing different mitochondrial DNA markers, i.e. cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (CO1), control region (CR) and 16S rRNA genes. No evidence of population structure was observed in Bangladesh, but distinct variations were found among the Sri Lankan samples (ΦST = 0.04, p = .002; FST = 0.07, p = .001), with the western sample differing from the northwestern and southern samples. The Bangladesh population had lower genetic diversity than two of the three Sri Lanka populations. The phylogeography of P. semisulcatus revealed two distinct mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) lineages, one in the Western Pacific Ocean and second in the Indian Ocean. The Bangladesh samples showed highest levels of similarity with samples from Sri Lanka, India and Malaysia, with the Bangladesh and Sri Lanka populations sharing the most common recent ancestry. Among the Indian Ocean samples, high levels of variation were observed in the samples from Iran, indicating admixture of two distinct mtDNA lineages, one shared by the populations from the Bay of Bengal and the other possibly originating from Eastern Africa. The genetic and phylogeographic information obtained in this study will be useful in appropriate planning for management and conservation of shrimp fisheries in Bangladesh and Sri Lanka, and in the Indo‐West Pacific region. 相似文献
15.
利用FIASCO (Fast Isolation by AFLP Sequences Containing repeats) 技术建立拟穴青蟹Scylla paramamosain基因组文库, 并与生物素标记的(CA)15 寡核苷酸探针杂交, 联合磁珠富集法构建拟穴青蟹微卫星富集文库。测序194 个阳性菌落, 分析其中的150 条序列, 结果表明: 两碱基重复类型占90%以上, 其中重复拷贝数在30 以上的占27.45%; 含微卫星座位189 个, 其中完美型146 个、非完美型28个和复合型15 个。设计125 对引物扩增一个拟穴青蟹野生群体(含20 个个体), 其中的19 对引物能稳定扩增且片段大小基本符合理论长度。遗传变异分析表明, 17 个位点表现出高度多态性, 16 个位点显著偏离Hardy-Weinberg 平衡(P<0.05), 4 组两两位点间存在连锁不平衡现象(P<0.0026, 经Bonferroni 法校正), 7 个微卫星位点可能存在无效等位基因。若排除混合微卫星位点的引物对以及扩增位点PIC (polymorphism information content)值在0.5 以下的引物对, 则13 对引物能用于拟穴青蟹群体遗传学等研究。 相似文献
16.
中国经济头足类增养殖现状及展望 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
头足类(Cephalopods)是软体动物门的重要组成部分,在中国海洋渔业中占有重要的经济地位。开展头足类增养殖,对于保护中国种质资源、提高头足类产量具有重要意义。本文就目前中国主要的经济头足类,包括金乌贼(Sepia esculenta)、拟目乌贼(S.lycidas)、虎斑乌贼(S.pharaonis)、无针乌贼(Sepiella japonica)、长蛸(Octopus minor)、真蛸(O.vulgaris)以及短蛸(Amphioctopus fangsiao)的繁殖习性、幼体培育、成体养成等各阶段生活史的研究进展和存在问题进行阐述,并对其发展前景进行展望,旨在为中国头足类养殖产业提供借鉴。 相似文献
17.
The disruption of chromosome segregation which is detected visually by the anaphase aberration (aa) test suggests that unequal amounts of DNA are distributed to daughter cells and possibly to subsequent cell generations. To investigate this possibility trout cell cultures and trout embryos (blastodisc) were exposed to benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) and the nitrosamide, MNNG, respectively. They were then examined by flow cytometry to determine if anaphase damage resulted in unequal DNA distribution to daughter cells. Both B[a]P and MNNG produced a significant increase (P < 0·01) in aa in cultured cells after 48 h exposure. These values returned to normal by 10 days in the absence of the genotoxic agents, except for the highest concentration (0·5 μg/ml MNNG), which showed only a 50% recovery by that time. Likewise, the coefficient of variation (CV) of nuclear DNA content of the cells also rose significantly after treatment and remained elevated for as long as 14 days following exposure. Experiments with rainbow trout embryos also showed a significant increase in both aa and CV following exposure to MNNG. Flow cytometric analysis of DNA content of trout cells and embryos following exposure to mutagens showed an unequal distribution of DNA that was transmissible through several cell generations. These findings indicate that visible anaphase aberrations could predict heritable genetic defects such as those associated with aneuploidy. 相似文献
18.
基于微卫星标记的三疣梭子蟹家系系谱认证 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
用6个微卫星标记对三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)的6个家系进行系谱鉴别和遗传多样性研究。6个微卫星标记在6个家系中显示了高度的遗传差异,6个位点的多态信息含量(PIC)分别为Pot09位点0.6045,Pot14位点0.6072,Pot17位点0.8130,Pot18位点0.6870,Pot25位点0.7839,Pot42位点0.6330。6个多态性位点共发现了32个等位基因,每个位点的等位基因数在4～8个之间。不同位点共发现7个家系特异性等位基因,2#和3#家系中各发现2个,1#、5#、6#家系中各发现1个,4#家系未发现特异性等位基因。根据已知亲本及子代基因型,可推断出6个家系中全部亲本的基因型,据此鉴别各家系。在Pot18位点可将1#家系和6#家系与其他家系相区别;Pot14位点和Pot17位点可将3#家系与其他家系相区别;Pot42位点可将5#与其他家系相区别;Pot17位点和Pot25可将2#家系与其他家系相区别。因此,Pot18位点、Pot14位点和Pot17位点、Pot42位点、Pot17位点和Pot25位点可分别用于鉴别1#和6#家系、3#、5#、2#家系的特异性标记。研究表明,在选用的6个微卫星标记中,最少选用3个标记可鉴别6个三疣梭子蟹家系。 相似文献
19.
Dietary analysis of harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) from faecal samples and overlap with fisheries in Erimo,Japan 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Tabitha C. Y. Hui Yuka Morita Yumi Kobayashi Yoko Mitani Kazushi Miyashita 《Marine Ecology》2017,38(3)
The number of harbour seals in Japan has been rebounding since protection began in the mid‐1980s. With the increase in seal numbers, increased conflict with fisheries has occurred through depredation and the belief that seals compete with fisheries for prey. However, competition can only be determined if the prey species and quantities seals consume over time are known. We studied the diet of harbour seals in Erimo, site of the largest population of harbour seals in Japan, from 2011 to 2012 and assessed the degree of prey overlap with local fisheries. We used both hard parts and DNA techniques to identify prey items in seal scats, and compared these results to local fisheries data. A total of 46 prey occurrences was detected by both methods, of which 17 matched between techniques at least to the family level. Hard parts methods identified five incidences of prey undetected by DNA methods in five scats (one incidence per scat). DNA methods identified 24 additional prey occurrences in 13 scats, for which no hard part evidence for that prey had been found. This more than doubled the total number of prey occurrences across the 15 scats compared. Overall, the most frequently occurring harbour seal prey were walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma), sculpins and snailfishes. In contrast, the top three groups targeted by fisheries were codfishes, salmon and invertebrates. Many species common in the harbour seal's diet such as snailfishes and blennies were not targeted by fisheries. Fishes such as greenlings, sculpins, rockfishes and Japanese anchovy (Engraulis japonicus) were common in the diet of harbour seals, but made up a very small proportion of fisheries catches in Erimo. The importance of other prey species varied between seasons. Sculpins, greenlings and forage fishes were the top three prey groups for harbour seals in spring by percent modified frequency of occurrence, whereas the most important target groups by percentage mass caught by fisheries were codfishes, cephalopods and other invertebrates. Sculpins and rockfishes remained as important prey items for harbour seals in summer and autumn, in addition to codfishes, snailfishes and blennies. In contrast, the main groups caught by fisheries in summer were other fishes, particularly Japanese amberjack (Seriola quinqueradiata) and various species of sharks and eels, and invertebrates. By autumn, Erimo fisheries had focussed on catching salmon. Salmon were taken by harbour seals as well during this period, but at a relatively lower frequency compared to other prey groups. The results of our study show that although harbour seals consumed several of the prey species targeted by fisheries, the relative importance of these species to seals and fisheries and the seasons in which they were targeted were different. 相似文献