Space-for-time substitution in geomorphology     

Huang  Xiaoli  Tang  Guoan  Zhu  Tongxin  Ding  Hu  Na  Jiaming 《地理学报(英文版)》2019,29(10):1670-1680

Journal of Geographical Sciences - Geomorphic evolution often presents a spatial pattern of a “young to old” distribution under certain natural environmental conditions, whereby...  相似文献   

耕地利用转型中的生物灾害脆弱性研究   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

宋小青  申雅静  王雄  李心怡 《地理学报》2020,75(11):2362-2379

学术界迫切需要探索新的领域以提升耕地利用转型综合研究水平。本文从农业生物灾害切入,耦合耕地利用“趋利避害”动机与农业诱致性生产替代行为,基于“经济社会环境—耕地利用活动—生物灾害反馈—灾害防治应对”社会生态交互逻辑,建立了耕地利用生物灾害脆弱性转型理论框架。在国家、农业区、省级尺度开展了1988—2017年脆弱性转型研究。结果表明：① 脆弱性在国家、省级尺度发生了转型。在国家尺度,1988—2009年,脆弱性值从15.33%增长到22.45%,而2010—2017年从22.40%下降到19.49%。在省级尺度,脆弱性存在2条典型转型路径;② 在农业区尺度,脆弱性转型主要源自因城乡收入比缩小和劳均耕地提升而带来的暴露度下降,其次源自因生物灾害损失挽回率提升和生物灾害防治失控率下降而带来的应对能力提升。脆弱性转型后,主要源自作物多样性下降和化肥使用强度上升带来的敏感性继续增强。本文发展了耕地利用转型研究的综合性,论证了耕地利用生物灾害脆弱性有望成为耕地利用转型综合研究的新领域,并探讨了脆弱性管控政策。  相似文献   

自适应基质矿物体积模量提取和流体替换验证(英文)   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

林凯  熊晓军  杨晓  贺振华  曹俊兴  张玺华  王萍 《应用地球物理》2011,8(2):110-116

岩石物理学研究中Gassmann方程被广泛应用于预测岩石中的地震波速度,由于输入的基质矿物体积模量参数不准确,极大的影响预测结果的可靠性,特别是复杂基质矿物组合的碳酸盐岩储层。因此本文结合Russell流体因子和Gassmann-Boit-Geertsma方程计算式,通过引入干岩石骨架泊松比,提出了一种基质矿物体积模量提取方法,能够自适应反演岩石基质矿物等效体积模量,提高流体影响预测的可靠性,通过实际资料流体替换验证,该方法的预测结果是可靠的,并且计算效率高、适应性强。  相似文献   

维苏威和武尔卡诺火山碎屑物中磷灰石挥发组分的研究     

刘羽  Stoppa F 《矿物学报》2011,31(2):180-184

磷灰石中挥发分的类质同象替换可以反映其结晶时岩浆体系的成分特点。采用扫描电镜、能谱、电子探针、X射线单晶晶胞参数测定和红外、拉曼光谱,对维苏威和武尔卡诺火山碎屑物中磷灰石进行了初步研究,发现其Ca、P位置上不出现替换,主要替换形成于通道位置上。武尔卡诺磷灰石低硫富Cl,晶胞参数c/a值很小,在低压高温下形成;而维苏威磷灰石含硫稍多,通道离子主要由OH-F组成,形成于压力较大、温度较低的环境,Cl趋向于在早期喷发物中富集,而F则趋向于在晚期喷发物中富集。  相似文献   

青藏高原东缘不同人工林替代乡土灌木对地被物水文特征的影响     

庞学勇  包维楷 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2011,(3):217-224

尽管森林地被物在保水与养分循环中扮演重要角色,但我们仍然对由植被转换引起的森林地被物的变化缺乏了解。为评价不同人工林替代乡土灌丛对森林地被物水文特性的影响,我们选择了4种人工林（连香树Cercidiphyllum japonicum[Cj],油松Pinus tabulaeformis[Pt],华山松Pinus armandi[Pa],落叶松Larix kaempferi[Lk]）,以次生乡土灌丛（QC）（Quercus liaotungensis和Corylus heterophylla var.sutchuenensis为优势种）为对照。人工林种植于1987年,初始密度为2500株ha-1。我们发现针叶人工林地被物厚度和贮量明显大于次生灌丛地和阔叶人工林地。地被物最大持水量在各林地之间差异与厚度和贮量显示相同的趋势,我们认为其主要贡献因子为林地凋落物数量及单位重量凋落物的最大持水量差异。地被物吸水过程和吸水速率与浸泡时间分别呈对数与指数回归关系。吸水过程在各植被之间与地被物各层次之间明显不同,主要受各植被的凋落物叶结构与分解程度影响。我们的结果显示针叶林地被物储量明显高于阔叶林,这说明以针叶树种为优势的林地大量养分滞留在凋落物中,难于返还土壤被植物利用,同时,半分解层（F）和分解层（H）最大持水能力高于未分解层（L）,因此,改善林地微环境,促进L层地被物向F和H层转化,是改善人工林地被物水文功能的主要方法之一。  相似文献   

利用核酸适配体的竞争置换作用检测溶藻弧菌(Vibrio alginolyticus)     

林筱钧  彭英林  鄢庆枇  江兴龙  周建传  汤学敏  范云庭  郑江 《海洋与湖沼》2022,53(1):215-223

溶藻弧菌(Vibrio alginolyticus)是水产养殖中致病性较强的一种条件致病菌,为更灵敏、高效地对其进行检测,研发出一种基于核酸适配体竞争置换作用的检测方法。首先设计并制备出磁珠-核酸适配体-荧光报告探针的检测复合物(MAP检测复合物),然后利用溶藻弧菌与其核酸适配体有较好的亲和特异性,在对样品进行检测时,样品中的溶藻弧菌就会竞争MAP检测复合物中的核酸适配体,从而置换出与该核酸适配体结合的荧光报告探针,再通过检测置换出的报告探针的荧光强度来表征溶藻弧菌的浓度,从而实现对溶藻弧菌的定量检测。结果表明,该方法对溶藻弧菌的检测限可达到1CFU/mL,与嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophila)、迟钝爱德华氏菌(Edwardsiella tarda)、哈维氏弧菌(Vibrio harveyi)、大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)等水产养殖中的常见致病微生物没有交叉反应,并在1~20、20~100和100~1000 CFU/mL范围内都表现出较好的线性关系。另外还对MAP检测复合物的制备条件进行了优化,较为理想的制备条件为:100nmol/L核酸适配体与100nmol/L荧光报告探针按体积比1︰1混合结合30 min,制备出50 nmol/L的核酸适配体-荧光报告探针复合物,然后该复合物再与25μg/mL的磁珠按体积比1︰1混合结合60 min,制备出相应的MAP检测复合物。利用核酸适配体的竞争置换作用检测溶藻弧菌有较好的灵敏度和特异性,展现了较好的应用前景。  相似文献   

广西铝针铁矿的研究及其意义     

陈世益 《南方国土资源》1997,(2)

文章论述广西某些地区铝土矿及红土的针铁矿中铝的类质同象置换现象，并运用Ｘ射线衍射分析法测定其中的置换率。这种针铁矿称为铝针铁矿。文中指出，在地表氧化条件下形成的针铁矿中，这种置换现象甚为普遍；置换率的高低反映其形成时的地质环境及物理化学条件；高置换率常常与高成熟度红土化作用特别是红土型铝土矿密切相关。铝一旦进入针铁矿晶格后，将出现稳定性效应，在矿物被溶解或相变成其他矿物之前是不会自行析出的。因此，对其研究不仅可用以判断形成环境，而且，对铝土矿矿物量和有效溶出率的计算以及对工业利用流程合理选择均有重要意义  相似文献   

A homogenization method for estimating the bearing capacity of soils reinforced by columns     

B. Jellali  M. Bouassida  P. de Buhan 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2005,29(10):989-1004

The ultimate bearing capacity problem of a strip foundation resting on a soil reinforced by a group of regularly spaced columns is investigated in the situation when both the native soil and reinforcing material are purely cohesive. Making use of the yield design homogenization approach, it is shown that such a problem may be dealt with as a plane strain yield design problem, provided that the reinforced soil macroscopic strength condition has been previously determined. Lower and upper bound estimates for such a macroscopic criterion are obtained, thus giving evidence of the reinforced soil strong anisotropy. Performing the upper bound kinematic approach on the homogenized bearing capacity problem, by using the classical Prandtl's failure mechanism, makes it then possible to derive analytical upper bound estimates for the reinforced foundation bearing capacity, as a function of the reinforced soil parameters (volume fraction and cohesion ratio), as well as of the relative extension of the reinforced area. It is shown in particular that such an estimate is closer to the exact value of the ultimate bearing capacity, than that derived from a direct analysis which implicitly assumes that the reinforced soil is an isotropic material. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Minres factor analysis of hypersthene data, Strathcona Mine (Ontario, Canada)     

E. L. Zodrow 《Mathematical Geology》1976,8(4):395-412

This is the first application of minimum residuals (minres),a type of factor analysis, in the study of hypersthene minerals from a mafic norite formation at the Strathcona Mine near Sudbury, Ontario. Minres, because it yields highest communalities for some variables, is preferred to other types of factoring solutions including a common factor model with Chayes' null correlations as factor input. Oblique rotation of factors is rejected as a model for statistical and geochemical reasons. A five oxide-variable model that reasonably well determines hypersthene is reduced by minres to a two-factor model which is statistically significant. Because of the small number of variables in the analysis, it is difficult to interpret the isolated factors in terms of specific geologic processes. The factors, however, even if surrogate, are linked with substitution phenomena in the hypersthene.  相似文献   

Theoretical modelling of cis -vacant and trans -vacant configurations in the octahedral sheet of illites and smectites     

C. I. Sainz-Diaz  A. Hernández-Laguna  M. T. Dove 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2001,28(5):322-331

 The cis-vacant configurations of smectites and illites have been studied theoretically by using transferable empirical interatomic potentials. A wide range of compositions of octahedral and tetrahedral cation and interlayer charge has been considered. All results have been compared with the trans-vacant configurations in each sample. The calculated values reproduce the differences in the lattice parameters between the cis- and trans-vacant configurations of experimental studies. Taking into account the cis-/trans-vacant proportion, the calculated structures agree with experiment for the main structural features of the crystal lattice. The effect of the cation substitution in the octahedral and tetrahedral sheets on the cell parameters has been also studied, finding good linear relationships. The calculated cation substitution effects are consistent with experimental results. Although the energy difference between the cis- and trans-vacant configurations is small, the cis-vacant is more stable when the composition of clays is more smectitic, like the experimental behaviour. Similar trends of the cation substitution effect on the cis-/trans-vacant proportion to the experimental results are found. The structure of the hydroxy groups has also been analysed. The OH bond length, the orientation of the O–H bond with respect to the (001) plane and the non-bonding H...O distances have been studied. Received: 4 September 2000 / Accepted: 29 January 2001  相似文献