吉林台爆破料应力应变关系的三轴试验研究     

侯新强  张远芳  高盟  慈军  刘红  张之科 《新疆地质》2005,23(2):194-198

通过室内大型三轴实验，研究了吉林台水库爆破料在不同级配下的应力应变关系，得到了在一定击实功下爆破料的最大干密度随细料含量变化的规律，分析了爆破料在不同级配和不同围压下应力与应变的变化规律、轴向应变与体积应变的关系及抗剪强度变化特性．从微观的角度说明了变化规律产生的原因，得出爆破料的抗剪强度随级配的变化而变化的规律．  相似文献   

北方某城市浅层地下水中有机污染物迁移转化的数值模拟研究   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

刘明柱  陈鸿汉胡丽琴 《中国地质》2005,32(3):507-511

在3次野外取水样分析的基础上，分析了研究区域有机污染特征，并根据室内实验和国内外文献资料所获取的参数，利用地下水模拟系统软件（GMS）对研究区三氯乙烯（TCE）和四氯乙烯（PCE）在地下水中的运移转化进行数值模拟研究，模拟结果表明：研究区地下水中TCE和PCE存在生物降解作用，但是反应速率很小，这表明在相当长的时间内，其浓度仍可能保持在相当的水平上。  相似文献   

城市钻孔数据地下三维地质建模软件的实现   总被引：15，自引：1，他引：15  

李亦纲  曲国胜  陈建强 《地质通报》2005,24(5):470-475

介绍了基于钻孔数据的城市地下三维地质建模软件的实现过程，提出了基于钻孔数据三维地质建模的总体思路、钻孔数据管理和层序分层方法，还介绍了软件的模块组成及应用实例。建立的软件实现了对城市钻孔数据的三维建模、可视化分析和科学管理，具有丰富的二维成图和三维显示功能，实例的应用也说明本软件是分析城市第四系构造格架和演化的有力工具。  相似文献   

伴随模式同化系统在修正模式地形中的应用   总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7  

李华宏  沈桐立  王曼  洪萍 《南京气象学院学报》2005,28(3):330-336

任何模式都只是实际大气的一种近似模拟，存在误差。鉴于传统的四维资料伴随模式同化系统都是假设模式完全正确仅对初始场进行修正。将伴随模式同化系统应用于修正模式地形误差，通过对不同初始地形的修正试验表明，MM5伴随模式同化系统能很好地对地形误差进行修正，能够反演出与初始气象要素场分辨率相匹配、与模式更协调的地形场，为伴随模式同化系统的广泛应用提供了一种新的思路。  相似文献   

基于DEM的地形简化方法对比分析   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

曹志冬  刘学军  王叶飞  汤国安 《现代测绘》2005,28(1):9-13

地形简化作为一门重要的数据压缩技术已广泛应用于DEM。在大量简化算法中，地形简化指标作为地形简化的核心环节，其好坏直接关系到地形简化的好坏。本文对基于局部误差、曲率和法向量的五个地形简化指标进行了分析评价，用离散的高斯合成曲面来模拟真实DEM，以解析得到的高斯曲率作为地形简化指标“真值”，对比研究了在离散高斯曲面上得到的五个简化指标与解析所得“真值”，通过对各个指标“保特征性”可信度的分析，获得了对这五个指标的整体评价，最后，实例验证了本文结论的正确性。  相似文献   

Spatial process and data models: Toward integration of agent-based models and GIS   总被引：8，自引：1，他引：8  

Daniel G. Brown  Rick Riolo  Derek T. Robinson  Michael North  William Rand 《Journal of Geographical Systems》2005,7(1):25-47

The use of object-orientation for both spatial data and spatial process models facilitates their integration, which can allow exploration and explanation of spatial-temporal phenomena. In order to better understand how tight coupling might proceed and to evaluate the possible functional and efficiency gains from such a tight coupling, we identify four key relationships affecting how geographic data (fields and objects) and agent-based process models can interact: identity, causal, temporal and topological. We discuss approaches to implementing tight integration, focusing on a middleware approach that links existing GIS and ABM development platforms, and illustrate the need and approaches with example agent-based models.  相似文献   

A parametric study on the impact of satellite attitude errors on GOCE gravity field recovery     

R. Pail 《Journal of Geodesy》2005,79(4-5):231-241

In the recent design of the Gravity field and steady-state Ocean Circulation Explorer (GOCE) satellite mission, the gravity gradients are defined in the gradiometer reference frame (GRF), which deviates from the actual flight direction (local orbit reference frame, LORF) by up to 3–4°. The main objective of this paper is to investigate the effect of uncertainties in the knowledge of the gradiometer orientation due to attitude reconstitution errors on the gravity field solution. In the framework of several numerical simulations, which are based on a realistic mission configuration, different scenarios are investigated, to provide the accuracy requirements of the orientation information. It turns out that orientation errors have to be seriously considered, because they may represent a significant error component of the gravity field solution. While in a realistic mission scenario (colored gradiometer noise) the gravity field solutions are quite insensitive to small orientation biases, random noise applied to the attitude information can have a considerable impact on the accuracy of the resolved gravity field models.  相似文献   

GGM02 – An improved Earth gravity field model from GRACE     

B. Tapley  J. Ries  S. Bettadpur  D. Chambers  M. Cheng  F. Condi  B. Gunter  Z. Kang  P. Nagel  R. Pastor  T. Pekker  S. Poole  F. Wang 《Journal of Geodesy》2005,79(8):467-478

A new generation of Earth gravity field models called GGM02 are derived using approximately 14 months of data spanning from April 2002 to December 2003 from the Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment (GRACE). Relative to the preceding generation, GGM01, there have been improvements to the data products, the gravity estimation methods and the background models. Based on the calibrated covariances, GGM02 (both the GRACE-only model GGM02S and the combination model GGM02C) represents an improvement greater than a factor of two over the previous GGM01 models. Error estimates indicate a cumulative error less than 1 cm geoid height to spherical harmonic degree 70, which can be said to have met the GRACE minimum mission goals. Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available in the online version of this article at  相似文献   

Global height datum unification: a new approach in gravity potential space     

A. A. Ardalan  A. Safari 《Journal of Geodesy》2005,79(9):512-523

The problem of “global height datum unification” is solved in the gravity potential space based on: (1) high-resolution local gravity field modeling, (2) geocentric coordinates of the reference benchmark, and (3) a known value of the geoid’s potential. The high-resolution local gravity field model is derived based on a solution of the fixed-free two-boundary-value problem of the Earth’s gravity field using (a) potential difference values (from precise leveling), (b) modulus of the gravity vector (from gravimetry), (c) astronomical longitude and latitude (from geodetic astronomy and/or combination of (GNSS) Global Navigation Satellite System observations with total station measurements), (d) and satellite altimetry. Knowing the height of the reference benchmark in the national height system and its geocentric GNSS coordinates, and using the derived high-resolution local gravity field model, the gravity potential value of the zero point of the height system is computed. The difference between the derived gravity potential value of the zero point of the height system and the geoid’s potential value is computed. This potential difference gives the offset of the zero point of the height system from geoid in the “potential space”, which is transferred into “geometry space” using the transformation formula derived in this paper. The method was applied to the computation of the offset of the zero point of the Iranian height datum from the geoid’s potential value W ₀=62636855.8 m²/s². According to the geometry space computations, the height datum of Iran is 0.09 m below the geoid.  相似文献   

Effects of detailed soil spatial information on watershed modeling across different model scales     

Trevor Quinn  A.-Xing Zhu  James E. Burt   《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2005,7(4):324-338

Hydro-ecological modelers often use spatial variation of soil information derived from conventional soil surveys in simulation of hydro-ecological processes over watersheds at mesoscale (10–100 km²). Conventional soil surveys are not designed to provide the same level of spatial detail as terrain and vegetation inputs derived from digital terrain analysis and remote sensing techniques. Soil property layers derived from conventional soil surveys are often incompatible with detailed terrain and remotely sensed data due to their difference in scales. The objective of this research is to examine the effect of scale incompatibility between soil information and the detailed digital terrain data and remotely sensed information by comparing simulations of watershed processes based on the conventional soil map and those simulations based on detailed soil information across different simulation scales. The detailed soil spatial information was derived using a GIS (geographical information system), expert knowledge, and fuzzy logic based predictive mapping approach (Soil Land Inference Model, SoLIM). The Regional Hydro-Ecological Simulation System (RHESSys) is used to simulate two watershed processes: net photosynthesis and stream flow. The difference between simulation based on the conventional soil map and that based on the detailed predictive soil map at a given simulation scale is perceived to be the effect of scale incompatibility between conventional soil data and the rest of the (more detailed) data layers at that scale. Two modeling approaches were taken in this study: the lumped parameter approach and the distributed parameter approach. The results over two small watersheds indicate that the effect does not necessarily always increase or decrease as the simulation scale becomes finer or coarser. For a given watershed there seems to be a fixed scale at which the effect is consistently low for the simulated processes with both the lumped parameter approach and the distributed parameter approach.  相似文献