Bound and mobile soil water isotope ratios are affected by soil texture and mineralogy,whereas extraction method influences their measurement     

Rachel E. Adams  Ayumi Hyodo  Toby SantaMaria  Cynthia L. Wright  Thomas W. Boutton  Jason B. West 《水文研究》2020,34(4):991-1003

Questions persist about interpreting isotope ratios of bound and mobile soil water pools, particularly relative to clay content and extraction conditions. Interactions between pools and resulting extracted water isotope composition are presumably related to soil texture, yet few studies have manipulated the bound pool to understand its influence on soil water processes. Using a series of drying and spiking experiments, we effectively labelled bound and mobile water pools in soils with varying clay content. Soils were first vacuum dried to remove residual water, which was then replaced with heavy isotope-enriched water prior to oven drying and spiking with heavy isotope-depleted water. Water was extracted via centrifugation or cryogenic vacuum distillation (at four temperatures) and analysed for oxygen and hydrogen isotope ratios via isotope ratio mass spectrometry. Water from centrifuged samples fell along a mixing line between the two added waters but was more enriched in heavy isotopes than the depleted label, demonstrating that despite oven drying, a residual pool remains and mixes with the mobile water. Soils with higher clay + silt content appeared to have a larger bound pool. Water from vacuum distillation samples have a significant temperature effect, with high temperature extractions yielding progressively more heavy isotope-enriched values, suggesting that Rayleigh fractionation occurred at low temperatures in the vacuum line. By distinctly labelling bound and mobile soil water pools, we detected interactions between the two that were dependent on soil texture. Although neither extraction method appeared to completely extract the combined bound and mobile (total water) pool, centrifugation and high temperature cryogenic vacuum distillations were comparable for both δ²H and δ¹⁸O of soil water isotope ratios.  相似文献   

Hydrological impact of a reservoir network in the upper Gan River Basin,China     

Ningpeng Dong  Zhongbo Yu  Chuanguo Yang  Mingxiang Yang  Wenzhuo Wang 《水文研究》2019,33(12):1709-1723

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多角度倾斜摄影技术在自动纹理映射上的应用     

王卿 《测绘与空间地理信息》2016,(10):198-200

利用多角度倾斜摄影技术获取的倾斜影像成果来更新和构建城市三维实景纹理映射成为数字城市建设中的一个重要应用。本文采用基于DLG和3Dmax生成的建筑物模型,结合SWDC-5的多角度倾斜影像,通过自动选择纹理、自动编辑纹理、自动纹理映射等一系列步骤,自动生成大区域建筑物三维实景数字城市。并通过实验数据对该计算方法的可靠性进行验证,结果表明:该系统的数字化程度远远高于传统方法。  相似文献   

纹理特征向量与最大化熵法相结合的SAR影像非监督变化检测   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

庄会富  邓喀中  范洪冬 《测绘学报》2016,45(3):339-346

合成孔径雷达(SAR)影像具有明显的斑点噪声,在变化检测中,一般需要考虑空间邻域信息。本文结合SAR影像丰富的纹理信息,提出一种考虑空间邻域信息的高分辨率SAR影像非监督变化检测方法,用基于灰度共生矩阵(GLCM)的32维纹理特征向量构造差异影像。通过最大化熵法自动选取阈值,对精度指标随窗口大小的变化进行回归分析,得到适合于变化检测的窗口为11×11。试验表明,本文方法优于马尔科夫随机场法,可以减小斑点噪声的影响,有效提高高分辨率SAR影像变化检测的精度。  相似文献   

广义残差地形模型及其在局部重力场逼近中的应用     

吴怿昊  罗志才  周波阳 《测绘学报》2016,45(5):531-537

研究了残差地形模型中的非调和性问题,比较了基于棱柱体和球冠体的积分模型,提出了基于球冠体积分的广义残差地形模型。以泊松小波径向基函数为构造基函数,结合广义残差地形模型,融合多源实测重力数据构建了局部区域重力场模型。研究结果表明:基于棱柱体积分的残差地形模型精度较低,在山区可能引入毫伽级以上的误差,建议采用更为接近真实地形表面的球冠体积分模型。相比于原始的残差地形模型,基于球冠体积分的广义残差地形模型能更为精确地逼近局部重力场模型中地形因素引起的高频效应。  相似文献   

基于规则格网的DEM插值实验     

张一帆  王青山 《测绘工程》2016,25(2)

通过地形建模,将6个地形隶属函数按照101×101,112×112,126×126,144×144,168×168,201×201,257×257 7种格网密度生成6种局部地形单元的规则格网DEM;使用反距离加权(IDW)等7种插值算法,将前6种格网密度下的DEM插值成257×257规格;从原始257×257DEM中随机抽取检查点计算残差,并对残差中误差进行分析。通过分组插值实验,运用控制变量法、方差分析等方法研究地貌类型、采样密度和插值算法对DEM插值精度的影响。  相似文献   

基于 Lidar 数据和倾斜摄影的城市三维模型构建     

向云飞  余代俊  张兵  杨骁 《测绘工程》2016,25(12):65-69

针对传统建模方式建模效率低、模型纹理不够丰富真实等缺点,阐述一种以机载Lidar技术来获取地面点高精度的三维坐标、用倾斜摄影测量为三维建模提供纹理的一种新兴的三维建模方式。实验表明,该建模方式不仅工作效率高、真实反应城市空间布局,而且定位精度高、具备可量测分析功能等,同时提供DOM,DEM,点云数据,倾斜影像等数据。  相似文献   

结合多尺度纹理特征的遥感影像面向对象分类     

林雪  彭道黎  黄国胜  王雪军 《测绘工程》2016,25(7):22-27

地物具有多尺度的特点,单一尺度难以准确描述遥感影像包含的地物纹理信息。利用我国自行研发的高分一号遥感影像数据,采用灰度共生矩阵对第一主成分进行纹理特征提取,利用Jeffries-Matusit距离选择多尺度组合,并通过单一纹理结合多光谱数据的分类精度,以及纹理特征间的相关性,最终选择多尺度纹理特征组合进行面向对象分类。研究结果表明:结合多尺度纹理特征组合的面向对象GF-1影像分类能有效提取地物信息,总体分类精度达到81.75%,Kappa系数0.78。  相似文献   

倾斜摄影测量的城市真三维模型构建方法   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

周晓敏  孟晓林  张雪萍  弥永宏 《测绘科学》2016,41(9):159-163

针对如何基于近年来新推出的倾斜摄影测量技术快速构建城市真三维模型的问题,在研究分析国内基于该技术构建三维模型方法的基础上,提出了利用Street Factory系统,结合少量人工干预快速构建城市真三维模型的方法。采用倾斜影像联合空中三角测量技术,实现了多角度倾斜影像的一体化区域网平差;通过多视影像密集匹配和自动纹理关联,实现了高精度真实三维模型的构建。基于RCD-30倾斜相机获取的西安大雁塔景区倾斜影像,开展城市真三维模型构建试验。结果表明,所提方法构建的城市真三维模型满足相关规范的要求,适合大规模区域城市三维模型快速构建,对测绘生产单位规模化生产具有一定的参考价值。  相似文献   

Recognition features of felsic pyroclastics of Serra do Tombo formation,Minas Gerais,Brazil     

《Journal of South American Earth Sciences》2016

In this contribution we report a study of poorly exposed, rhyodacitic welded-ignimbrite deposit from Minas Gerais. A petrographic study of textures indicate high temperature of emplacement. Key features include eutaxitic texture, flattened and agglutinated lapilli and glass menisci. Most of the feldspar minerals and glass are extensively altered to clay minerals, which pseudomorph the original volcanic textures. Glass menisci and spherules suggest a possible process of liquid immiscibility. Immobile trace element distribution indicates a possible link with other post-Palaeozoic felsic volcanic rocks in Brazil, a magmatism interpreted as due to basaltic underplating and partial melting of a hydrous continental crust. A peculiar feature is a high Light REE/Heavy REE ratio. Depletion in heavy rare earth elements is possibly due to a residual HREE-bearing phase in the source. The geologic context of these rocks suggests a Lower Cretaceous age and a tectonic relationship with a continental rifting event.  相似文献