Application of indigenous benthic amphipods as sediment toxicity testing organisms     

Jung-Suk Lee  Kyu-Tae Lee  Dong-Hoon Kim  Chan-Kook Kim  Jong-Hyeon Lee  Kun-Ho Park  Gyung-Soo Park 《Ocean Science Journal》2005,40(1):17-24

A series of experiments were conducted to develop standard test organisms and test protocols for measuring sediment toxicity using candidate amphipods such asMandibulophoxus mai, Monocorophium acherusicum, Haustorioides indivisus, andHaustorioides koreanus, which are indigenous to Korea. The relevant association of test species with sediment substrates was one of the important factors in sediment bioassay. The indigenous amphipodsM. mai andM. acherusicum were well associated with test sediments when they were exposed to various sediment substrates from sand to mud. The tolerant limits to various physico-chemical factors affecting bioassay results such as temperature, salinity and ammonia, as well as sensitivities to reference toxicant and contaminated sediments, were investigated usingM. mai andM. acherusicum in the present study. These amphipods were tolerant to relatively wide ranges of salinity (10~30 psu) and ammonia (<50 ppm), and displayed relevant sensitivity to temperature as well. They are more sensitive to Cd, the reference toxicant, when compared to the standard test species used in other countries. Field-sediment toxicity tests revealed thatM. mai would be more sensitive to sediment-associated pollutants thanM. acherusicum, while the sensitivity ofM. acherusicum was comparable to that ofLeptocheirus plumulosus, which has been used as a standard test species in the United States of America. Overall results of this first attempt to develop an amphipod sediment toxicity test protocol in Korea indicated thatM. mai andM. acherusicum would be applicable in the toxicity assessment of contaminated sediments, following the further evaluation encompassing various ecological and toxicological studies in addition to test method standardization.  相似文献   

Effect of Chromium and Organic Acids on Microbial Growth and Exopolymeric Substance Production by Pseudomonas Bacteria          下载免费PDF全文

Nazime Mercan Dogan  Cetin Kantar  Goksel Dogan 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2014,42(5):674-681

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Photodegradation of methylene blue in natural seawater     

Luni Sun  Guipeng Yang  Xiaoyan Cao  Limin Zhou 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2010,9(2):135-138

This paper reports the photochemical degradation of Methylene Blue(MB)in natural seawater(NSW).The photodegradation reaction conformed to the first-order reaction kinetics with the rate constant 0.0158 min-1.MB was photochemically degradated faster under high-pressure mercury lamp(HPML)than under sunlight.When MB was in lower concentrations,salinity could inhibit the photoreaction whereas MB in higher concentration,salinity could accelerate the photoreaction.Humid acid could also inhibit the photoreactions.Toxicity tests with marine phytoplankton Skeletonema costatum(Sk)and Heterosigma akashiwo Hada (Ha)showed decreased acute toxicity after photodegradation.  相似文献   

PROPERTIES OF PROTEOLYTIC TOXIN OF VIBRIO ANGUILLARUM FROM DISEASED FLOUNDER   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

莫照兰  陈师勇  张培军 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2002,20(4):316-322

Extracellular products(ECP)produced by Vibrio anguillarum strain M3 originally isolated from diseased flounder(Paralichthys olivaceus)were prepared.ECP of M3 showed gelatinase,casinase,amylase and haemolytic activity on agarose plates.High protease activity against azocasin was detected.Bacterium M3 showed highest growth and protease activity at 25℃。The Protease present in ECP showed maximal activity at pH 8 and 55℃；was completely inactivated by application of 80℃ heat for 30 min;was completely inhibited by EDTA and HgCl2,and was partially inhibited by PMSF,SDS,MnCl2 and iodoacetic acid;but not inhibited by CaCl2 and MgCl2.The ECP was toxic to flounder fish at LD50 values of 3.1 μg protein/g body weight.The addition of HgCl2 and application of heat at 50℃ decreased the lethal toxicity of ECP.When heated at 100℃,ECP lethality to flounder was completely in-hibited.After intramuscular injection of ECP into flounder,it showed evident histopathological changes including necrosis of muscle,extensive deposition of haemosiderin in the spleen,dilated bolld vessels congested with numerous lymphocytes in the liver.These results showed that ECP protease was a lethal factor produced by the baterium V.anguillarum M3.  相似文献   

环境水体中铊的测定方法研究进展   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

齐剑英  李祥平  刘娟  王春霖  张平  吴颖娟  陈永亨  常向阳 《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2008,27(1):81-88

铊(T1)是一个典型性的毒害重金属元素,对哺乳动物的毒害高于Hg、Cd、Pd、Cu、Zn等元素.铊广泛分布于自然界的水体中,含量较低,但大量的铊通过矿山开采、金属冶炼、工业生产、地热开发,以及电子产品等途径进入水体,给人类带来巨大的危害.传统的测定方法如分光光度法、电分析化学法以及原子吸收法等由于自身的局限性已经不能满足目前的要求.为了对水体中的铊进行有效的临测和治理,必须发展的测试技术.本文建议推广如电感耦合等离子体、质谱法流动注射分析以及其他更加灵敏、准确的测定方法.并展望了环境水体中铊的测定方法的发展趋势.  相似文献   

敌百虫对两种赤潮微藻生长的毒性效应研究     

王朝晖  钟文聪  廖姿蓉 《海洋科学》2017,41(10):102-108

敌百虫是使用最为广泛的有机磷农药之一,在水产养殖中主要用于防治甲壳类寄生虫。本文研究了72 h的急性暴露以及25 d的亚慢性暴露下,敌百虫对两种赤潮微藻海洋卡盾藻和锥状斯氏藻生长的影响,以了解敌百虫对海洋微藻的毒性及海洋初级生产力的影响。在急性暴露下,高质量浓度敌百虫能明显抑制两种藻细胞的生长,而低质量浓度则对藻细胞的生长影响不明显,敌百虫对海洋卡盾藻和锥状斯氏藻生长的72 h EC50分别为32.1 mg/L和22.1 mg/L。在亚慢性暴露下,两种藻细胞对敌百虫的敏感性相近,高质量浓度组(25 mg/L)的藻细胞在暴露的第7~9天就全部死亡;1 mg/L的低质量浓度组,藻细胞的生长状况与对照组相近;5 mg/L和10 mg/L质量浓度组在暴露初期对藻细胞生长具有抑制作用,但在暴露后期则明显刺激了藻细胞的生长。本研究说明水环境背景质量浓度下的敌百虫不会抑制浮游植物的生长,但施药一段时间后,可刺激藻细胞的生长,从而增加了引发赤潮的风险。  相似文献   

铅在海水中的析出及其对急性毒性实验的影响          下载免费PDF全文

童一帆  韩雪萌  蔡文倩  田胜艳 《海洋科学》2023,47(1):73-80

铅(Pb)在海水中易产生沉淀,这将影响毒性实验中效应值的计算。本研究通过海水中不同重金属对中国广泛分布的底栖无脊椎动物双齿围沙蚕(Perinereis aibuhitensis)以及毒理学研究常用的海水模式生物卤虫(Artemiasalina)的急性毒性实验,对比分析了海水中Pb的生物毒性特点以及暴露溶液中Pb的析出对毒性实验结果的影响。用人工海水与天然海水配制Pb溶液时,理论浓度为18.7～1 200mg/L的Pb溶液中均出现大量白色沉淀。通过扫描电子显微镜能谱(SEM-EDS)对析出物进行检测,根据元素组成推测析出物主要为氯化铅与碳酸铅。对溶液浓度进行检测发现,Pb的实测浓度仅为理论浓度的1/15～1/2,根据实测浓度计算的Pb对双齿围沙蚕和卤虫的96h/48h半数致死浓度(LC₅₀)值低于根据理论浓度计算值的1/10。对比Pb、Cu、Cd对双齿围沙蚕与卤虫的LC₅₀值发现, Pb对水生生物的毒性低于Cu和Cd,且对不同生物的毒性效应存在差异。对比研究报道中Pb对海洋生物的急性毒性效应发现,Pb对幼体生物的毒性效应较显著,而在海水有效溶解...  相似文献   

水产动物中的微塑料及其对人健康的潜在危险性          下载免费PDF全文

王娜  张士璀 《海洋科学》2023,47(6):124-129

塑料的大量生产和使用导致其在自然界积累,并在各种环境因素作用下裂解,产生粒径小于5 mm的碎片和颗粒,即微塑料,全球的水生生态系统都发现有一定程度微塑料污染。各种水生动物,包括人类经常食用的鱼、虾和贝类等水产动物,都不可避免摄入微塑料,并通过食物链传递给人。微塑料中含有添加剂,其表面可以吸附周围环境的化学物质甚至微生物。动物和人摄入微塑料,可通过胃肠道转移到其他器官,给健康造成潜在危害,受到学术界越来越多的关注。作者从水产动物中的微塑料、人体暴露途径和潜在毒性3个方面,对水产食物链中的微塑料及其对人健康的潜在危险的研究进展做了简要概述。  相似文献