Fish consumption by invading harp seals off the Norwegian coast in 1987 and 1988   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Ugland  K. I.; Jodestol  K. A.; Aspholm  P. E.; Kroyer  A. B.; Jakobsen  T. 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》1993,50(1):27-38

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Problems associated with tourism development in Southern Africa: The case of Transfrontier Conservation Areas   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Sanette Ferreira 《GeoJournal》2004,60(3):301-310

Tourism in Southern Africa is synonymous with the wildlife safari. In the post-colonial era the establishment of so-called ‘peaceparks’ that straddle the borders of states has come to be seen as a key not only to increasing tourism in the Southern African region, but also to the modernizing of conservation policies and the development of rural economies. This paper focuses on the global and continental presence of transfrontier conservation areas, the link between conservation and tourism development, and the current factors that constrain and influence the realization of an ‘African Dream’ — ‘establishment of the greatest animal kingdom’. The unstable political situation in Zimbabwe and how this negatively affects wildlife conservation and tourism in the Gonarezhou part of the Greater Limpopo Transfrontier Park, serves as a case study. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Back to the future: reflections and directions of South African marine bioinvasion research     

ME Alexander  CA Simon  CL Griffiths  K Peters  S Sibanda  S Miza 《African Journal of Marine Science》2016,38(1):141-144

Biological invasions continue to increase around the world, with impacts on many coastal marine systems. Here we review the South African marine invasion literature which, despite the field being relatively new, has grown to have significant presence in both the local and international arenas. Of the 79 papers reviewed, 70% focused on the establishment and spread of alien species, with modes of transport and introduction largely overlooked. An emphasis was also apparent towards field studies, in particular survey work, with few experimental studies. The overwhelming majority of papers focused on a single species, the Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis, reflecting the scale of this invasion and the tractable nature of rocky shores as study systems. With the exception of this one species, the impacts of marine alien species have rarely been quantified. We suggest that future research extends the taxonomic coverage of present work and develops a better understanding of the mechanisms of introduction, establishment and spread of marine alien species. Through an experimental approach, the drivers of altered ecological patterns and processes resulting from invasions should be addressed, providing insight into associated impacts. This approach will maintain the local applicability and international relevance of South African marine invasion research.  相似文献   

加蓬G4-188区块钻井技术实践认识     

石强 《海洋地质译丛》2008,(1):82-87

加蓬G4-188区块是一个新的海外勘探区块,在钻井过程中遇到了井壁垮塌、气侵、井斜控制困难等诸多难题,影响了钻井施工的速度。针对这些难题,实施了解决G4-188区块钻井施工难点的各项技术措施,为G4-188区块后续钻井施工提供了有益的技术支持。  相似文献   

Network analysis to inform invasive species spread among lakes     

ESCOBAR Luis E.  ROMERO-ALVAREZ Daniel  LARKIN Daniel J.  PHELPS Nicholas B. D. 《海洋湖沼学报（英文）》2019,(3):1037-1041

Often facilitated by human-mediated pathways,aquatic invasive species are a threat to the health and biodiversity of global ecosystems.We present a novel approach incorporating survey data of watercraft movement in a social network analysis to reconstruct potential pathways of aquatic invasive species spread between lakes.As an example,we use the green alga Nitellopsis obtusa,also known as starry stonewort,an aquatic invasive species affecting the Great Lakes region in the United States and Canada.The movement of algal fragments via human-mediated pathways(i.e.,watercraft)has been hypothesized as the primary driver of starry stonewort invasion.We used survey data collected at boat ramps during the 2013 and 2014 openwater seasons to describe the flow of watercraft from Lake Koronis,where N.obtusa was first detected in Minnesota,to other lakes in the state.Our results suggest that the risk of N.obtusa expansion is not highly constrained by geographic proximity and management efforts should consider highly connected lakes.Estimating human movement via network analysis may help to explain past and future routes of aquatic invasive species infestation between lakes and can improve evidence-based prevention and control efforts.  相似文献   

Network analysis to inform invasive species spread among lakes     

ESCOBAR Luis E.  ROMERO-ALVAREZ Daniel  LARKIN Daniel J.  PHELPS Nicholas B. D. 《海洋湖沼学报（英文）》2019,(3):1037-1041

Often facilitated by human-mediated pathways,aquatic invasive species are a threat to the health and biodiversity of global ecosystems.We present a novel approach incorporating survey data of watercraft movement in a social network analysis to reconstruct potential pathways of aquatic invasive species spread between lakes.As an example,we use the green alga Nitellopsis obtusa,also known as starry stonewort,an aquatic invasive species affecting the Great Lakes region in the United States and Canada.The movement of algal fragments via human-mediated pathways(i.e.,watercraft)has been hypothesized as the primary driver of starry stonewort invasion.We used survey data collected at boat ramps during the 2013 and 2014 openwater seasons to describe the flow of watercraft from Lake Koronis,where N.obtusa was first detected in Minnesota,to other lakes in the state.Our results suggest that the risk of N.obtusa expansion is not highly constrained by geographic proximity and management efforts should consider highly connected lakes.Estimating human movement via network analysis may help to explain past and future routes of aquatic invasive species infestation between lakes and can improve evidence-based prevention and control efforts.  相似文献   

Biotic consequences of a shift in invertebrate ecosystem engineers: Invasion of New Zealand rocky shores by a zone‐forming ascidian          下载免费PDF全文

Andrew R. Davis  Katherine Walls  Andrew Jeffs 《Marine Ecology》2018,39(3)

The pervasive effects of invasive ecosystem engineers, that is those species that modify their environment, are well documented, but rarely have the broader impacts of one foundation invertebrate species being replaced by another been examined. In New Zealand, green‐lipped mussels, Perna canaliculus, commonly dominate wave‐exposed rocky shores. The recent appearance of an invasive ecosystem engineer, the ascidian Pyura doppelgangera, at the very northern tip of New Zealand now threatens to exclude these bivalves from this habitat. Here, we report major shifts in assemblages associated with the invader and chronicle its continued spread. We examined epibiota associated with clumps of mussels and clumps of Pyura from two rocky shore habitats—pools and emergent substrata at two locations. We detected some differences in species richness in biota associated with the two foundation species, but faunal abundance only differed between the locations. These minor changes were dwarfed by the shift in species composition within clumps of each foundation species. Molluscs, particularly gastropods, and crustaceans dominated the assemblage within mussels. In contrast, tubicolous polychaetes dominated the fauna associated with the ascidian. Sessile epifauna, notably barnacles and calcareous tube‐dwelling polychaetes, were common on mussels, but never encountered on the ascidian. Multivariate analysis revealed marked dissimilarity (>80%) between the characteristic mussel and ascidian faunas with virtually no overlap. This biotic shift overshadowed any differences between habitats and locations. The broader implications of these faunal shifts for local and regional patterns of biodiversity, as well as ecosystem function, remain unclear, but deserve further attention.  相似文献   

辽东湾西部滨海地区海水入侵研究     

王玉广  刘娟  张永华  杨新梅 《海洋工程》2010,28(1)

通过对19个观测井2年定期、连续的水位观测,以及水质主要9种离子浓度分析,阐述了辽东湾西部沿岸海水入侵的分布特征。根据海水入侵区地下水中主要离子浓度与地下水的相关关系,总结了随着海水入侵的发展地下水化学类型的变化。地下水化学类型分为5大类型:Na+-Cl-型、Cl-.HCO3-或HCO3-.Cl-型(阳离子为Ca2+.Na+)、HCO3-.Cl-.SO42-或Cl-.HCO3-.SO42-型水(阳离子为Ca2+)、SO42-.HCO3-型(阳离子为Na+.Ca2+)、HCO3-型(阳离子为Ca2+.Na+)。该区地下水水化学类型呈带状分布,类型变化规律明显,反映了海水入侵分布特征。当淡水开采时,水位降深越大,微咸水入侵强度越大。控制淡水开采是防止微咸水入侵的主要措施。  相似文献   

Ecophysiological characteristics of invasive Spartina alterniflora and native species in salt marshes of Yangtze River estuary,China     

Li-Fen Jiang  Yi-Qi Luo  Jia-Kuan Chen  Bo Li 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2009

Biological invasions represent one of the significant components of global change. A comparative study of invaders and co-occurring natives is a useful approach to gaining insights into the invasiveness of exotic plants. Spartina alterniflora, a C₄ grass, is a widespread invader in the coastal wetlands in China and other regions of the world. We conducted a comparative study of S. alterniflora and native C₃ species, Phragmites australis and Scirpus mariqueter, in terms of their gas exchange and efficiencies in resource utilization. We tested the hypothesis that S. alterniflora has growth-related ecophysiological advantages over the natives in its non-native range, which result in its rapid growth and enhance its invasiveness. Photosynthesis, leaf area index (LAI), specific leaf area (SLA), and the efficiency of resource use (light, water, and nitrogen) were examined monthly for eight months in 2004. Overall, S. alterniflora had greater LAI, higher maximal net photosynthetic rate (A_max), and longer growing season than those of the native species. On average, the efficiencies of S. alterniflora in light, water, and nitrogen utilization were respectively 10.1%, 26.1%, and 33.1% higher than those of P. australis, and respectively 70.3%, 53.5%, 28.3% higher than those of S. mariqueter. However, SLA of S. alterniflora was significantly lower than those of P. australis and S. mariqueter. Although there was no general pattern in the relationship between invasiveness and plant photosynthetic types, in this study, most of the ecophysiological characteristics that gave S. alterniflora a competitive advantage in the Yangtze River estuary were associated with photosynthetic pathways. Our results offer a greater understanding of the relationship between invasiveness and plant photosynthetic type. Our results also indicate that LAI and the length of the photosynthetic season, which vary with habitats, are also important in invasion success.  相似文献   

两次斜压锋生类强对流过程对比分析     

盛志军  周雨  张国平 《气象科技》2021,49(4):569-578

利用常规气象观测资料、加密自动站资料及NCEP再分析资料,对2019年春季江西两次强对流天气(以下简称"3·21"、"4·9"过程)作对比分析。结果表明:(1)两次过程都由冷空气进入地面倒槽触发,"3·21"过程冷暖空气的辐合明显;"4·9"过程锋面辐合较弱,冷锋移动快。(2)"3·21"过程对流发生时湿层更深厚,对流层高层高值位涡库自上而下呈漏斗状延伸至400hPa,"干侵入"特征明显;"4·9"过程中低层整体湿度条件较差,中高层有明显干空气卷入,冷却蒸发作用导致的强下沉气流引发地面大风。(3)"3·21"过程回波有明显弓形特征,中气旋数量达9个;强冷空气从3km高度侵入,动量迅速下传,移速快,对大风等强对流预警有指示意义;"4·9"过程侵入冷空气浅薄,单体风暴VIL小,短临预警低估大风可能性大。  相似文献