An Observational and Numerical Study on the Topographic Influence on Dust Transport in East Asia          下载免费PDF全文

JIANG Xuegong  CHEN Shoujun 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2009,23(5):629-641

Based on observations and numerical simulations, the topographic impacts on dust transport in East Asia were studied. Two regions frequently attacked by dust storms have been confirmed： one is the western part of Inner Mongolia and the southern Mongolia （namely the Mongolia Plateau）, and the other is the Tarim Basin. The most frequent dust storm occurrence area within the first region appears in its hinterland while that of the second one lies in its southern boundary. Moreover, the region from the northeastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau （TP） to the Loess Plateau is attacked by dust storms second frequently. The dust storms frequently occurring over the Mongolia Plateau axe related not only to the abundant sand and dust sources, but also to the special topographic conditions of East Asia. The most significant factor that influences the dust storms forming in the hinterland of the Mongolia Plateau is the canyon low level jet （CLLJ）, which dominates around the southern areas of the Altay-Sayan Mountains with an east-west direction in the beginning of its formation, and is accompanied by significantly enhanced surface wind afterwards. Due to the obstructive effects of the CLLJ, a lot of dust particles carried by the southward down-slope cold air mass would pile up over the southern slope of the Sayan Mountains. Meanwhile, uneven surface conditions are favorable for the dust particles to go up into the upper atmosphere. With the dust particles piling up continuously, a dust layer is formed in the troposphere and can be recognized as a ＇!dust accumulating container＂, which provides abundant dust particles to be transported later to the downstream areas. Additionally, the topographic features of East Asia also exert a great influence on dust transport. Generally, the easterly CLLJ enhances the easterly dust transport. The down-slope air current over the southern Sayan Mountains and the air flow surrounding the TP near its northeastern edge enhance the southward dust transport. Lastly, weather system influences are also examined. The weathers associated with cold fronts frequently appear over the areas of Mongolia and North China in springtime. The cold front system, in general, carries the sand and dust southwards. Among all topographic influencing elements, the rounding effect of the TP is the strongest. Under the combined influences of the cold front and the rounding effect of topography, most sand and dust particles are transported and then deposited over the Loess Plateau.  相似文献   

北京市持续重污染天气分析   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

李国翠  范引琪  岳艳霞  张玉凤 《气象科技》2009,37(6):656-659

通过对2004-2008年北京市空气持续重污染过程的统计及其对非沙尘型持续重污染天气形势的特征分析,得到以下结论：持续重污染过程具有明显的季节分布特征,主要包括春季沙尘型污染和秋冬季节非沙尘型污染;非沙尘型持续重污染过程期间多对应着大雾、轻雾、霾、烟等低能见度天气,过程后期对应的天气现象多为大风或降水天气。其中大雾天气更易引发长时间持续的空气重污染事件。非沙尘型持续重污染的天气形势特点为：高空多为纬向环流,850 hPa多为暖脊控制,地面多处于弱气压场,鞍形场型污染尤为严重。北京持续重污染多对应区域性污染。  相似文献   

山西沙尘天气的相关气候因子分析及预测模型的建立     

刘瑞兰  任国玉  吴占华 《干旱气象》2009,27(2):111-117

对山西沙尘天气与蒙古国的降水、我国北方积雪日数、青藏高原积雪日数和表征气候异常变化信号的大气-海洋环流因子SOI指数的关系进行了分析,揭示了全球准周期性变化对沙尘天气趋势的主导性作用.得出蒙古国西部前一年降水对山西省的沙尘天气具有较好的指示性;青藏高原前一年冬季积雪日数和山西省的年沙尘日数呈较好的负相关性;当前冬青藏高原积雪日数多时,山西省少沙尘,反之,多沙尘.就我国北方特别是山西省上游地区的积雪日数而言,指示性比较强的区域分布在内蒙古、甘肃、新疆.这些区域内某些站点前一年冬季的平均积雪日数多时,山西省少沙尘,反之,多沙尘.此外,山西沙尘还与SOI指数有显著的滞后2 a的正响应关系,与SOI有滞后两年正相关的站点主要分布在中东部和东北部.在要素相关分析的基础上,综合各类因子制作了山西省沙尘预测模型,以期为沙尘天气的短期预测工作提供一些参考依据.  相似文献   

沙尘输送模式的不确定性分析   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

林彩燕  朱江  王自发 《大气科学》2009,33(2):232-240

利用一个远距离输送的沙尘模式估计了由于参数化过程 (干沉降速度) 和输入资料 (源强和水平风场) 的误差造成沙尘模拟的不确定性。通过对以上参数分别进行敏感性试验, 分析了模式对2002年3月15～24日期间中国东部地区两次主要沙尘过程模拟的不确定性。结果显示, 源区的潜在源强和气象水平风场的不确定性对模拟结果的影响最大, 而干沉降速度的影响相对较小。同时, 对不同区域 ［西部 (＜95°E)、中部 (95°E～110°E) 和东部 (＞110°E)］ 的潜在源强和干沉降速度参数进行敏感性试验发现, 中部区域的参数设置对模拟结果的影响最大, 而西部和东部区域的参数变化对模拟结果的影响很小。此外, 不同高度的风场影响也不一样: 地面风速影响最大, 中层的影响较小, 而高层 (约6 km高度以上) 的风场几乎没有影响。  相似文献   

沙尘气溶胶对大气冰相过程发展的敏感性试验   总被引：8，自引：6，他引：2  

陈丽  银燕 《气象科学》2009,29(2):208-213

利用分档云动力学模式,研究了沙尘气溶胶输送过程中在不同大气背景环境条件下对云内冰相粒子形成、发展和降水过程的影响.通过敏感性试验发现:在背景气溶胶浓度不断增加的情况下,冰相降水率以及冰相降水在总降水量中的比例逐渐减小;只有在大陆性云和污染严重的地区,含有一定比例可溶性物质的沙尘粒子提高了大气中的巨核浓度,使云中冰相降水质粒提前出现,有利于降水的形成.另一方面,当把不可溶矿物气溶胶粒子作为有效的大气冰核参与云降水形成的物理过程时,由矿物气溶胶引起的大气冰核浓度增加在一定程度上抑制云中冰相降水质粒的发展,部分抵消巨核对降水的促进作用.  相似文献   

塔城地区沙尘天气变化特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

李新东  王飞  井立军  何琳  高婧  井立红  朱海江  马玲霞 《气候变化研究进展》2009,5(5):271-277

 根据1961-2005年塔城地区9个气象站地面实测资料,用线性趋势分析、Mann-Kendall、相关分析和合成分析等方法对塔城地区沙尘天气的时空分布及变化特征进行了分析,并对其机理进行了讨论。结果表明：1) 沙尘天气高发区位于沙湾、乌苏一带,次高值中心位于额敏,沙尘日数与大风日数、降水量空间分布呈反向分布的特点;2) 年均沙尘暴日数为3.8 d,主要发生在4-9月;3) 沙尘日数呈减少的趋势,其中沙尘暴日数以1.0 d/10a的速率显著减少,大风日数以10.5 d/10a的速率显著减少;4) 沙尘暴、扬沙、浮尘日数分别在1993、1992、1973年发生了显著减少的突变;5) 近半个世纪来新疆的冷空气活动强度和频率有所减弱(小),而大风日数的显著减少是沙尘日数减少的主要原因。  相似文献   

北京地区不同天气条件下近地面大气电场特征   总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6       下载免费PDF全文

吴亭  吕伟涛  刘晓阳  董万胜  张义军  李成才  王美华  杨晶  李长河 《应用气象学报》2009,20(4):394-401

利用2004年8月—2005年11月近地面大气电场仪的观测资料, 对北京地区不同天气条件下近地面大气电场特征进行分析。结果表明:北京地区晴天近地面大气电场日变化呈双峰双谷, 谷值分别出现在北京时05:00和12:00, 峰值分别出现在07:00和23:00, 并且表现出一定的季节变化; 晴天大气电场的变化与气溶胶含量的变化有密切关系, 两者呈正相关; 晴天大气电场与绝对湿度之间也表现出很强的相关性, 在一定程度上反应了水汽对大气电场的作用; 沙尘天气下风速均达到一定强度, 近地面大气电场为负值, 并且变化剧烈, 电场强度与PM₁₀之间呈现较强的负相关, 而电场强度与风速之间没有表现出明显的相关性。  相似文献   

Direct Climatic Effect of Dust Aerosol in the NCAR Community Atmosphere Model Version 3 （CAM3）   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

YUE Xu  WANG Huijun  LIAO Hong  FAN Ke 《大气科学进展》2010,27(2):230-242

Direct climate responses to dust shortwave and longwave radiative forcing (RF) are studied using the NCAR Community Atmosphere Model Version 3 (CAM3). The simulated RF at the top of the atmosphere (TOA) is-0.45 W m-2 in the solar spectrum and +0.09 W m-2 in the thermal spectrum on a global average. The magnitude of surface RF is larger than the TOA forcing, with global mean shortwave forcing of-1.76 W m-2 and longwave forcing of +0.31 W m-2 . As a result, dust aerosol causes the absorption of 1.1 W m-2 in t...  相似文献   

Relationship between East Asian Monsoon and Dust Weather Frequency over Beijing   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

WU Yunfei  ZHANG Renjian  HAN Zhiwei  ZENG Zhaomei 《大气科学进展》2010,27(6):1389-1398

The relationship between dust weather frequency (DWF), which denotes the number of days of dust weather events, over Beijing and the East Asian Monsoon (EAM) was studied using DWF data for Beijing during the period 1951--2006. Results show that, during this period, the blowing-dust weather frequency (BDWF), as well as the indices of East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM) and East Asian summer monsoon (EASM), all decreased considerably, with a t-test confidence level of 99%. The correlation coefficients between the chosen EAWM index and BDWF over Beijing in winter and the following spring were 0.34 and 0.33, respectively, with significance levels of 0.01 and 0.02, respectively. For the chosen EASM index and BDWF, these correlation coefficients were 0.51 and 0.45, respectively, with both at a confidence level exceeding 99.9%. With the linear trends removed, the values (in the same order as above) were 0.14, 0.14, -0.12, and -0.09, all not significant at the 95% confidence level. Clearly, the EAM relates mainly to DWF over long timescales. To a certain extent, the EAM might have some impact on DWF by affecting the associated surface air temperature and precipitation during the corresponding time period in sand-dust source regions at the interannual scale. A stronger (weaker) EAWM might advance (suppress) the occurrence of DWF, and the opposite for the EASM.  相似文献   

2010年3月我国沙尘天气为何这么多     

李小泉 《气象知识》2010,(3):30-31

今年3月11日至月底,我国已先后出现了7次沙尘天气过程,尤其是3月19日开始的强沙尘天气过程,影响范围扩展到我N20个省市自治区,连过去很少出现沙尘天气的浙江、福建和台湾省也都受到波及。为什么3月中旬以来我国会频繁出现沙尘天气呢？这是由这段时间的天气气候条件决定的。  相似文献