Modeling impacts of vegetation in western China on the summer climate of northwestern China     

陈军明  赵平  刘洪利  郭晓奄 《大气科学进展》2009,26(4):803-812

Using the monthly NCEP-NCAR reanalysis dataset, the monthly temperature and precipitation at surface stations of China, and the MM5 model, we examine impacts of vegetation cover changes in western China on the interdecadal variability of the summer climate over northwestern China during the past 30 years. It is found that the summer atmospheric circulation, surface air temperature, and rainfall in the 1990s were different from those in the 1970s over northwestern China, with generally more rainfall and higher temperatures in the 1990s. Associated with these changes, an anomalous wave train appears in the lower troposphere at the midlatitudes of East Asia and the low-pressure system to the north of the Tibetan Plateau is weaker. Meanwhile, the South Asian high in the upper troposphere is also located more eastward. Numerical experiments show that change of vegetation cover in western China generally forces anomalous circulations and temperatures and rainfall over these regions. This consistency between the observations and simulations implies that the interdecadal variability of the summer climate over northwestern China between the 1990s and 1970s may result from a change of vegetation cover over western China.  相似文献   

北京城市化发展对大气边界层特性的影响   总被引：17，自引：3，他引：14  

徐阳阳  刘树华  胡非 《大气科学》2009,33(4):859-867

利用中国科学院大气物理研究所大气边界层物理与大气化学国家重点实验室的北京325 m气象塔1993年～2003年夏季 (7月～9月) 的观测资料, 统计分析了各年的风速与温度廓线分布特征。统计分析结果表明, 随着城市化的发展, 相对风速有逐年减小的趋势, 并且越靠近地面, 相对风速的减小越明显, 这反映了城市建筑对近地面层空气流动的摩擦作用。对风速廓线进行线性拟合得到风速随高度的垂直递增率, 发现无论是100 m以下的近地面层还是较高层, 风速的垂直递增率都随城市化发展存在逐年增大的趋势, 表明粗糙下垫面的影响已经向高层扩展。根据温度廓线计算了各年的温度垂直递减率, 发现其有增大的趋势, 这表明城市化发展对边界层热力结构同样有显著影响。本文还依据统计整理得到的近中性层结下的风速廓线资料, 利用莫宁-奥布霍夫相似理论计算了下垫面的空气动力学参数, 结果表明, 地表粗糙度、 零平面位移随着城市化发展皆有明显增加的趋势。同时, 分析了各空气动力学参数与平均风速及无量纲风速的关系。其中, 摩擦速度和平均风速二者基本成正相关, 且摩擦速度随平均风速的增大而增大的趋势越发明显。本文研究结果对研究城市化发展对区域大气边界层结构、 气候和环境影响有参考意义, 可为城市大气边界层模式和区域气候模式提供参数化依据。  相似文献   

Impacts of Future NOx and CO Emissions on Regional Chemistry and Climate over Eastern China     

WANG Geli  YANG Peicai  LIU Chuanxi  LIU Yi  LU Daren 《大气科学进展》2010,27(4):750-760

A coupled chemical/dynamical model (SOCOL-SOlar Climate Ozone Links) is applied to study the impacts of future enhanced CO and NOx emissions over eastern China on regional chemistry and climate. The result shows that the increase of CO and NOx emissions has significant effects on regional chemistry, including NOx, CO, O₃, and OH concentrations. During winter, the CO concentration is uniformly increased in the northern hemisphere by about 10 ppbv. During summer, the increase of CO has a regional distribution. The change in O₃, concentrations near eastern China has both strong seasonal and spatial variations. During winter, the surface O₃, concentrations decrease by about 2 ppbv, while during summer they increase by about 2 ppbv in eastern China. The changes of CO, NOx, and O₃, induce important impacts on OH concentrations. The changes in chemistry, especially O₃, induce important effects on regional climate. The analysis suggests that during winter, the surface temperature decreases and air pressure increases in central-eastern China. The changes of temperature and pressure produce decreases in vertical velocity. We should mention that the model resolution is coarse, and the calculated concentrations are generally underestimated when they are compared to measured results. However, because this model is a coupled dynamical/chemical model, it can provide some useful insights regarding the climate impacts due to changes in air pollutant emissions.  相似文献   

话说秸秆还田的生态效应     

易福华  胡亚芬 《气象知识》2010,(3):34-35

每逢三夏三秋,农田中常见狼烟四起。有报道,全国年产7亿吨秸秆,利用的只有约一半,其余大多在田间焚烧。烧秸秆不仅污染空气,损害人体健康,影响交通安全和飞机航班起降,容易引发火灾,还有更严重的后果。  相似文献   

纳木错水位为何上涨     

王元红 《气象知识》2010,(1):35-36

纳木错,藏语意为“天湖”,地处拉萨市当雄县与那曲地区班戈县境内,背靠南部的念青唐古拉山脉,是西藏三大圣湖之一。素以海拔高、湖面广阔、景色瑰丽著称。纳木错地区位于地势高亢的藏北高原腹地,空气稀薄,氧气少,含氧量相当干海平面的59％,空气干燥少尘,透明度高,大气质量约为海平面的1／2。  相似文献   

利用MODIS反演四川盆地地表温度与地面 同步气温、地温观测值的相关性试验     

闵文彬  李跃清 《气象》2010,36(6):101-104

通过对MODIS反演的地表温度与四川盆地自动气象站观测的准同步地面空气温度Ta和0 cm地温Ts的相关分析,结果表明：对于非均匀下垫面,卫星反演地表温度TLS分别与Ta和Ts的相关系数稳定性都不好,不同卫星过境时间的相关系数差异很大。但（Ts-TLS）与（Ts-Ta）却有着既显著又稳定的线性相关,不同卫星过境时间的相关系数都达到0.8以上,具有良好的相关性。基于卫星反演地表温度和空气温度的地温统计模型,其标准误差为4.85 ℃。  相似文献   

利用卫星遥感资料估算区域尺度空气温度   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

侯英雨  张佳华  延昊  王建林 《气象》2010,36(4):75-79

空气温度是地球大气系统能量和水分循环的关键参数,气象台站观测的空气温度是单点观测的,空间代表性较差,在区域尺度模型中应用还存在一些问题,作者提出了一个从卫星遥感资料直接反演空气温度的新方法。基于NOAAAVHRR资料反演的地表温度(Land Surface Temperature,T_(LS))和地面观测的空气温度(Air Temperature,T_a)的相关关系,建立了稀疏植被区域不同高程范围的空气温度遥感估算统计方法;基于NDVI和T_(LS)的梯形空间特征关系,建立了在中、高植被覆盖区域的空气温度遥感估算物理方法。经检验,稀疏植被区域空气温度反演绝对误差在1.5～1.8℃之间,中、高植被覆盖区域空气温度反演平均绝对误差为1.61℃,表明作者提出的空气温度遥感反演方法是可行的。  相似文献   

对流层中上层干空气对“碧利斯”台风暴雨的影响   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

郭英莲  徐海明 《南京气象学院学报》2010,33(1):98-109

利用2006年7月14—15日的NECP／NCAR全球1°×1°再分析、站点降水和探空资料,研究了对流层中上层干空气对“碧利斯”台风造成的湖南暴雨的影响。结果表明,暴雨发生前对流层中上层500～200hPa有大片相对湿度低的干区,暴雨发生后干区减弱消失。干区与不稳定能量之间有一定的对应关系。受东风气流影响,干区向偏西方向移动;较强的水汽垂直输送也有利于暴雨发生前雨区上空干空气的减弱。敏感性试验证明对流层中上层干空气对不稳定能量有一定的积累作用;在增强干空气相对湿度的情况下,干空气的减弱对降水量的减少有一定影响。  相似文献   

Difference in the Interdecadal Variability of Spring and Summer Sensible Heat Flux over Northwest China          下载免费PDF全文

ZHOU Liantong 《大气和海洋科学快报》2009,2(2):119-123

The present study investigates the difference in interdecadal variability of the spring and summer sensible heat fluxes over Northwest China by using station observations from 1960 to 2000. It was found that the spring sensible heat flux over Northwest China was greater during the period from the late 1970s to the 1990s than during the period from the 1960s to the mid-1970s. The summer sensible heat flux was smaller in the late 1980s through the 1990s than it was in the 1970s through the early 1980s. Both the spring and summer land-air temperature differences over Northwest China displayed an obvious interdecadal increase in the late 1970s. Both the spring and summer surface wind speeds experienced an obvious interdecadal weakening in the late 1970s. The change in the surface wind speed played a more important role in the interdecadal variations in sensible heat flux during the summer, whereas the change in the land-air temperature difference was more important for the interdecadal variations in sensible heat flux in the spring. This difference was related to seasonal changes in the mean land-air temperature difference and the surface wind speed. Further analysis indicated that the increase in the spring land surface temperature in Northwest China was related to an increase in surface net radiation.  相似文献   

空气滤膜采集大气浮尘样品中多元素的测定   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

陈波  冯永明  刘洪青 《岩矿测试》2009,28(5):435-438

用氢氟酸-盐酸-硝酸-高氯酸体系对空气滤膜上附着的浮尘样品进行分解,电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法、电感耦合等离子体质谱法同时测定溶液中15个主量和微量元素铁、铜、锌、镍、镧、铈、锂、锰、铬、镉、钴、铅、钍、铊、铀。将国家一级标准物质模拟浮尘样品加入空白滤膜进行测定,结果与标准值相符。各元素4次测定结果的相对标准偏差(RSD)小于5%。  相似文献