全文获取类型
收费全文 | 4576篇 |
免费 | 895篇 |
国内免费 | 709篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 695篇 |
大气科学 | 1481篇 |
地球物理 | 872篇 |
地质学 | 1126篇 |
海洋学 | 629篇 |
天文学 | 16篇 |
综合类 | 560篇 |
自然地理 | 801篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 64篇 |
2023年 | 240篇 |
2022年 | 286篇 |
2021年 | 290篇 |
2020年 | 224篇 |
2019年 | 281篇 |
2018年 | 155篇 |
2017年 | 183篇 |
2016年 | 169篇 |
2015年 | 221篇 |
2014年 | 413篇 |
2013年 | 291篇 |
2012年 | 306篇 |
2011年 | 363篇 |
2010年 | 269篇 |
2009年 | 337篇 |
2008年 | 341篇 |
2007年 | 260篇 |
2006年 | 255篇 |
2005年 | 184篇 |
2004年 | 143篇 |
2003年 | 139篇 |
2002年 | 97篇 |
2001年 | 120篇 |
2000年 | 92篇 |
1999年 | 80篇 |
1998年 | 94篇 |
1997年 | 75篇 |
1996年 | 72篇 |
1995年 | 45篇 |
1994年 | 32篇 |
1993年 | 21篇 |
1992年 | 12篇 |
1991年 | 7篇 |
1990年 | 16篇 |
1989年 | 2篇 |
1957年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有6180条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
11.
海洋生态环境监测的指标体系研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文在总结国内外各种海洋生态监测方法的基础上,构建生物分布指数、生物暴露指数和生物反应指数,并由此确定生态质量总指教。生态质量总指数可以综合反映特定海洋环境的生物群落特征,典型污染物在生物体内的蓄积特征以及生物体对环境污染的生理生化反应特征,因此可以应用于近岸海洋环境质量的生态监测。 相似文献
12.
13.
海底油气集输管网可靠性评估 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对海底油气集输管网进行了可靠性评估,提出了一种适用于树状海底油气集输管网可靠性评价的方法,将流可靠度和单元重要度的概念引入到海底油气集输管网可靠性的分析中,该方法能够有效地评价海底油气集输管网的可靠性。 相似文献
14.
中国海洋经济区划的若干问题 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
海洋经济区划是对地(海)域和海洋经济单元划分和合并的研究。在分析了经济区划及海洋经济区划发展过程的基础上,研究认为:中国海洋经济区划是制订区域发展规划、优化生产力布局和陆海环境综合整治的科学基础,是区域资源开发、灾害防治的重要依据。其特点是单一功能区划与多功能综合区划相结合,自然环境特征与人类活动相结合,静态与动态相结合,生态与经济相结合。提出了中国海洋经济区划的概念、特征、指导思想、主要任务、分区原则、指标体系和等级系统。 相似文献
15.
通过对ET0计算公式研究进展的总结,分析了在世界上三个时期比较有代表性的计算蒸发腾发量(ET0)的主要公式:修正Penman(MP)公式、Penman-Monteith(PM)公式及标准ASCE-PM公式;以20世纪90年代末期和21世纪初期世界上最新的19个用Lysimeter实验值率定ET0计算值的实验成果为基础,对于不同气候条件下ET0计算方法的普适性分析评估认为:虽PM公式应用效果较好的地区较多,但也有不少地区效果欠佳,MP等公式在一部分地区较好,PM与MP公式并非普适性的,要特别关注标准ASCE-PM公式,总之,这类半理论(半经验)公式均有一定的地区性.仅通过MP、PM公式的计算比较,不能简单地评定哪种公式最优或哪种公式计算ET0值大(或值小),应针对不同地理及气候条件,要经Lysimeter的实验结果才能进行率定比较.文中也对今后研究提出相应建议,有助于ET0计算公式学科的深入研究. 相似文献
16.
Calculating Pollution Indices by Heavy Metals in Ecological Geochemistry Assessment and a Case Study in Parks of Beijing 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Pollution index is a powerful tool for ecological geochemistry assessment. The commonly used pollution indices by heavy metals in soils and sediments were classified as two types of single index and integrated index in an algorithm point of view. Four single indices of contamination factor (or concentration factor), ecological risk factor, enrichment factor, and index of geo-accumulation were illustrated, and the reference values for calculating single indices were distinguished into background levels and threshold pollution values. Eight integrated indices were divided into two groups. One group is suitable for the normal distribution single indices including the sum, average, weighted average,vector modulus, and Nemerow pollution indices, and the other for log-normal distribution including the product, root of product, and weighted power product pollution indices. Using background levels as reference values, five contamination classes were divided, and the terminologies are suggested for the single and integrated indices to unify the assessment results. Software of EGAPI was developed in a single document interface to calculate the four single and eight integrated indices by heavy metals to assess the quality of soil and sediment ecological geochemistry. Pollution indices by heavy metals of Cu,Pb, and Zn in soils in parks of Beijing were calculated using EGAPI software, and these five contamination classes and terminologies suggested in this study were evaluated and used. Results ofintegrated indices of Cu, Pb, and Zn in soils indicated that the soil qualities are unpolluted as a whole and varied from low polluted to unpolluted status from the center to the outskirts of Beijing City. 相似文献
17.
18.
19.
Environmental Investigation and Evaluation of Land Subsidence in the Datong Coalfield Based on InSAR Technology 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Heavy mining of Jurassic and Carboniferous horizontal coal seams in the Datong coalfield has seriously affected the local geological environment, which is mainly manifested by such geohazards as soil avalanches, landslides, mudflows, surface subsidence, surface cracks, surface solid waste accumulation and surface deformation. More seriously, coal mining causes groundwater to leak. Overpumping of groundwater has resulted in substantial land subsidence of the urban area in Datong City. Based on the previous geo-environmental investigation in the work area, the authors used radar remote sensing techniques such as InSAR (synthetic aperture radar interferometry) and D-InSAR (differential synthetic aperture radar interferometry), supplemented by the optical remote sensing method, for geo-environmental investigation to ascertain the geo-environmental background of the Datong Jurassic and Carboniferous-Permian coalfield and evaluate the effects of the geohazards, thus providing a basis for the geo-environmental protection, geohazard control and prevention, land improvement and optimization of the human environment. In this study 8 cog-nominal ERS-1/2 SAR data frames during 1992 to 2003 were used, but the following processing was made: (1) the multitemporal SAR magnitude images were used to interpret the geological structure, vegetation, microgeomorphology and drainage system; (2) the multi-temporal InSAR coherent images were used to make a classification of surface features and evaluate the coherence change due to coal mining; and (3) the multi-temporal cog-nominal SAR images were used to complete D-InSAR processing to remove the information of differential deformation areas (sites). In the end, a ten-year time series of differential interferograms were obtained using the multi-temporal cog-nominal SAR images. In the tests, 84 deformed areas (sites) were obtained, belonging to those in 1993-1996, 1996-1997, 1997-1998, 1998-2001, 1998-2002 and 2001-2003 respectively. Of the 84 areas, 44 are m 相似文献
20.