Geochemical dissociation of major and trace elements in bed and suspended sediment phases of the phosphate mines effluent water, Jordan     

Tayel El-Hasan 《Environmental Geology》2006,51(4):621-629

The bed and suspended (slime) sediment phases associated with effluent water that are produced from phosphate-ore-upgrading process at Al-Abyad mine in the southern part of Jordan were analyzed chemically and mineralogically. The results show that the effluent water is highly oxic and mildly alkaline in nature. The geochemical behavior of each phase was controlled by the effluent water physicochemical parameters, sediment particle size, mineralogical constituents of the studied phases, and the prevailing climatic nature of the area. Bed sediments have higher concentrations of many elements than slime. Accordingly, the bed sediments can be considered as a sink rather than a pool for many elements. The geochemical dissociation of major oxides and trace elements between bed and slime sediments was evident using t test, particularly between P₂O₅, SiO₂, CaO, K₂O, Mn, Sr, Y, and Co, and to lesser extent, V, U, Zn, and Cr. This might be attributed to effluent water characteristics, mineralogy, and the presence of fine-grained materials. The spatial distribution of major oxide and trace element concentrations along the stream drainage exhibited a slight increase with distance either in bed or slime sediment phases. However, they increased suddenly at the last three sampling sites, which might be due to the abundance of fine-grained materials that are mainly composed of clay minerals (montmorillonite) that would enhance the adsorption process. Moreover, the XRD results confirmed the existence of elemental geochemical dissociation as a function of mineral control.  相似文献   

Arsenic fixation on iron-hydroxide-rich and plant litter-containing sediments in natural environments   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Andreas Fritzsche  Holger Dienemann  Ernst Gert Dudel 《Environmental Geology》2006,51(1):133-142

Iron-hydroxide-rich and plant litter-containing sediments from natural sites contaminated with uranium mine tailing leachates were examined for their ability to adsorb arsenic. The samples with high contents of iron hydroxides (Fe_total concentration, >300 g kg⁻¹) exhibited remarkable fixation of arsenic (up to 40 g As kg⁻¹). This value corresponded approximately to the supersaturation point for natural iron hydroxides under the present conditions, and it was significantly lower than the value found for synthetic iron hydroxides. There was a strong correlation (R=0.8999) between the concentration of iron and that of arsenic at low arsenic contents, indicating adsorption on strong binding sites. Although all the samples had noticeable contents of organic carbon (plant litter), calcium, and manganese, no obvious effect of these elements on arsenic fixation could be detected. The amount of iron hydroxides was found the only fixation-controlling parameter immediately below a leaching water source.  相似文献   

MATHEMATIC MODEL AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON ADSORBING OIL BY SEDIMENT *     

Wenqian ZHAO  Xiaobo CAO  Qinsheng HUANG 《国际泥沙研究》1998,(3)

ＭＡＴＨＥＭＡＴＩＣＭＯＤＥＬＡＮＤＥＸＰＥＲＩＭＥＮＴＡＬＳＴＵＤＹＯＮＡＤＳＯＲＢＩＮＧＯＩＬＢＹＳＥＤＩＭＥＮＴＷｅｎｑｉａｎＺＨＡＯ１ａｎｄＸｉａｏｂｏＣＡＯ２ａｎｄＱｉｎｓｈｅｎｇＨＵＡＮＧ３ＡＢＳＴＲＡＣＴＴｈｅｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔ...  相似文献   

Vergleich von traditionellen und neuartigen Adsorberpolymeren bei der Adsorption von 1,2-Dichlorethan aus Wasser     

A. Kowalzik  A. Wahl  K. Pilchowski 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》1996,24(1):36-38

Comparison of Traditional and Novel Polymeric Adsorbents with Regard to the Adsorption of 1,2-Dichloroethane from Water The adsorption of 1,2-dichloroethane from water onto traditional and novel polymeric adsorbents was studied in this publication. It was found that the novel (cross-linked) polymeric adsorbents have a higher loading than the traditional (not crosslinked) polymeric adsorbents. The main reason for that is the larger specific surface. There is no remarkable difference between the crosslinked and not crosslinked polymeric adsorbents due to the kinetics of adsorption.  相似文献   

Arsenic — a Review. Part II: Oxidation of Arsenic and its Removal in Water Treatment     

Monique Bissen  Fritz H. Frimmel 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2003,31(2):97-107

In natural waters arsenic normally occurs in the oxidation states +III (arsenite) and +V (arsenate). The removal of As(III) is more difficult than the removal of As(V). Therefore, As(III) has to be oxidized to As(V) prior to its removal. The oxidation in the presence of air or pure oxygen is slow. The oxidation rate can be increased by ozone, chlorine, hypochlorite, chlorine dioxide, or H₂O₂. The oxidation of As(III) is also possible in the presence of manganese oxide coated sands or by advanced oxidation processes. Arsenic can be removed from waters by coprecipitation with Fe(OH)₃, MnO₂ or during water softening. Fixed‐bed filters have successfully been applied for the removal of arsenic.The effectiveness of arsenic removal was tested in the presence of adsorbents such as FeOOH, activated alumina, ferruginous manganese ore, granular activated carbon, or natural zeolites. Other removal technologies are anion exchange, electrocoagulation, and membrane filtration by ultrafiltration, nanofiltration or reverse osmosis.  相似文献   

阴离子捕获剂及其在污染防治与环境修复领域中的应用   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

郑丽波  叶瑛  韩晓非  季珊珊  冯璐珈 《地球科学进展》2003,18(4):626-631

综述了阴离子捕获剂的结构、性能、制备与表征方法、吸附专属性及其在环境修复方面的应用。阴离子捕获剂是一种具有层状结构的阴离子粘土，由于其特殊的结构和性能，可通过层间阴离子交换、层状结构重建等机制来吸附环境中的阴离子，从而清除环境中的污染物。大量研究表明。阴离子捕获剂对环境中以络阴离子形式存在的重金属污染物有很强的吸附能力，并能有效吸附水体中的N、P、As、Se和放射性元素。此外，阴离子捕获剂还能吸附有机污染物，如农药、酚类化合物、洗涤剂和腐殖质等。从环境中除去不同类型的有毒有害组分。需使用不同类型的阴离子捕获剂。其吸附能力主要由捕获剂本身的特点和外部理化条件所决定。阴离子捕获剂的研究已成为当前环境保护工程和技术研究的一个新热点。  相似文献   

The effect of cadmium on fulvic acid adsorption to Bacillus subtilis     

Paul C. Frost  Patricia A. Maurice  Jeremy B. Fein 《Chemical Geology》2003,200(3-4):217-224

The effects of Cd on the adsorption of an aquatic fulvic acid (FA) to the surface of Bacillus subtilis were investigated from pH 2.5 to 7.0, at fixed ionic strength (0.1 M NaClO₄) and at ambient temperature (22 °C). Cd (14 mg/l) had no effect on FA adsorption at pH<5 but increased FA adsorption at pH>6. The effects of Cd (0, 14 mg/l) on FA adsorption to B. subtilis were further examined as a function of initial FA concentration (0–45 mg C/l) at pH 6.5. FA adsorption isotherms also were measured at pH 6.5 as a function of dissolved Cd concentration (0–14 mg/l) at three initial FA concentrations (4, 8, 22 mg C/l). At all FA concentrations studied at pH 6.5, FA adsorption increased with increasing initial total Cd concentration.

Under all studied conditions, preferential adsorption of high- to intermediate-molecular-weight FA components to B. subtilis resulted in a fractionation of the FA pool, with lower-molecular-weight components remaining in solution. At pH>6, Cd further enhanced the adsorption of high- to intermediate-molecular-weight FA components but did not significantly enhance the adsorption of lower-molecular-weight components. Hence, the overall process of adsorptive fractionation was not altered significantly by the presence of Cd.

Overall, the results of this study (1) demonstrate that FA adsorption to bacterial surfaces can be altered by the presence of a metal cation, and (2) provide further evidence that microbe–metal–ligand interactions may significantly affect the mobility and fate of natural organic matter in the subsurface.  相似文献   

微生物参与下的水/粒界面吸附反应研究进展   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

万鹰昕  刘丛强  傅平青  刘建军 《地球科学进展》2002,17(5):699-704

回顾了近年来微生物存在下的水/粒界面吸附反应研究进展，包括微生物对金属阳离子的吸附、矿物微粒对微生物的吸附和微生物参与下的水/粒界面吸附；目前，这些吸附反应的定量化模型研究主要有体积分配关系和表面络合模型两种方法。其中，体积分配关系可从野外直接测得；而表面络合模型是采用不受溶液条件变化影响的准热力学常数来描述表面化学反应，能外推至实验室无法直接模拟的条件。随着人们对微生物在环境中重要性认识的加深，微生物参与下的水/粒界面吸附和可预测吸附程度的定量化模型受到人们越来越多的重视。  相似文献   

Zur Adsorption von Dichlormethan und 1,1,1-Trichlorethan aus Modellabwässern mit Adsorberpolymeren und Aktivkohlen     

A. Wahl  A. Kowalzik  K. Pilchowski 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》1998,26(1):36-39

Adsorption of Dichloromethane and 1,1,1-Trichloroethane from Synthetic Wastewaters with Polymeric Adsorbents and Activated Carbons Isotherms, kinetics, and dynamics of adsorption of dichloromethane and 1,1,1-trichloroethane from synthetic wastewaters onto novel polymeric adsorbents were investigated in comparison to traditional polymeric adsorbents and activated carbons. The polymeric adsorbents and the activated carbons showed no large differences in adsorption kinetics, whereas the novel, crosslinked polymeric adsorbents exhibited at times higher adsorption capacities than the traditional, not crosslinked polymeric adsorbents and activated carbons.  相似文献   

微塑料与水中污染物的联合作用研究进展   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张哿  邹亚丹  徐擎擎  王宇擎  刘成  李锋民 《海洋湖沼通报》2019,(2):59-69

微塑料(直径<5mm的塑料)因其吸附、迁移性能和生物毒性成为目前研究的热点。微塑料进入水体后,会与水中的持久性污染物和重金属进行相互作用,与它们单独作用于生物的毒性效应不同。本文从微塑料对污染物的富集、迁移以及微塑料与污染物的联合毒性效应方面,对微塑料与污染物的联合作用进行了总结。环境中的微塑料能通过吸附作用富集水中有机污染物和金属离子,该过程主要受微塑料自身性质、塑料的老化程度、污染物的空间分布和其他环境条件的影响。污染物能以微塑料为载体在环境和生物体间迁移,包括空间上的转移和生物体内的转移。微塑料与污染物联合作用于生物体时,会通过增加摄入浓度、加剧组织损伤和降低机体抗性等方式增强污染物对生物体的毒性效应,或者通过降低污染物接触浓度、污染物或共污染物的生物可利用性减缓污染物对生物体的毒性效应。未来应对微塑料的吸附行为、相互作用机制以及评价方法、生物积累和慢性毒性进行探究。  相似文献