2009年8月－10月塔克拉玛干沙漠北缘地表能量收支特征?     

王延慧  艾力.买买提明  何清  杨兴华  霍文  张建涛 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2014,8(3):34-41

利用塔克拉玛干沙漠北缘肖塘陆气相互作用观测站2009年8-10月探测的资料,对该地区能量收支状况进行了初步分析。结果表明：2009年8-10月的平均能量闭合率为78%,闭合差为22%。夏季白天,感热、潜热、土壤热通量各占净辐射的52%、6%、16%,夜间依次占净辐射的53%、3%、6%。夏季白天、夜间能量不平衡率分别为26%、38%。8月肖塘的总体输送系数CD平均值为4.5×10-3,CH为2.2×10-3。CD、CH季节变化和日变化显著,都是夏季大于秋季,白天大,夜间小。  相似文献   

种植于人工梭梭(Haloxylon ammodendron)林的肉苁蓉(Cistanche deserticola)个体质量特征     

李丙文  王桂芬  张忠良  许波  王强  范敬龙  李生宇  邱永志  常青 《中国沙漠》2014,34(4):1049-1054

为掌握人工种植条件下肉苁蓉(Cistanche deserticola)个体质量特征,在塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地咸水滴灌人工梭梭林内,采用统一的开沟、撒种接种方式,对不同林龄、不同深度接种肉苁蓉以及造林当年接种连年采收肉苁蓉的质量进行了调查和分析。结果表明:(1)所有样地出土肉苁蓉个体间质量差异大,分布离散程度高。(2)接种时林龄越大,出土肉苁蓉个体平均质量、质量品质较好的比率以及质量分布离散程度都越高;不同林龄间肉苁蓉个体质量有极显著差异。造林当年接种、连年出土肉苁蓉个体质量的特征与不同林龄的相似,但质量品质较好的比率相对较低。(3)在40~120cm深度,随种植深度增加,出土2年生以上肉苁蓉个体的数量以及质量品质较好的比率总体呈现增加趋势,并可以分为3个层面:40cm、50~80cm、100~120cm。其中40cm深度质量指标明显较低,其他深度间没有表现出明显的差异和规律,100~120cm深度的肉苁蓉个体相对细长、品相差。  相似文献   

戈壁地区夏季碳和水热循环及其湍流特征          下载免费PDF全文

赵子龙  张宏升  康凌 《地球物理学报》2013,56(8):2574-2582

本文利用2006年夏季大气边界层观测资料,采用涡动相关法分析了我国西北地区戈壁下垫面碳收支及水热循环的规律和特征,并分析了大气湍流特征.结果表明:夏季白天的CO₂湍流通量呈逆输送特征,即CO₂白天向下输送,夜间向上输送,平均数值为-0.199 mg·m^-2·s^-1,整体上表现为碳汇;戈壁地区湿度小,其数值受水平来流的影响较大,日变化特征不明显;温度的归一化标准差与稳定度参数的关系满足Monin-Obukhov Similarity (MOS)理论;温度和CO₂的能谱相似;互谱uc与uθ,wc与wθ相似;水汽和CO₂的输送主要受水平方向湍流的影响.  相似文献   

Inter‐annual variability of southerly winds in a coastal area of the Atacama Desert: implications for the export of aeolian sediments to the adjacent marine environment     

VALENTINA FLORES‐AQUEVEQUE  STEPHANE C. ALFARO  SANDRINE CAQUINEAU  GILLES FORET  GABRIEL VARGAS  JOSE A. RUTLLANT 《Sedimentology》2012,59(3):990-1000

The analysis of the aeolian content of marine cores collected off the coast of the Atacama Desert (Mejillones Bay, Chile) suggests that marine sediments can record inter‐annual to inter‐decadal variations in the regional southerly winds responsible for particle entrainment at the surface of the nearby desert. However, the establishment of a simple and direct correlation between the sediment and wind records is complicated by the difference of time scales between the erosion and accumulation processes. The aim of this work is to: (i) assess the inter‐annual variability of the surface winds responsible for the sand movements; and (ii) determine whether the integration over periods of several months completely smoothes the rapid changes in characteristics of the transported and deposited aeolian material. To accomplish this aim, 14 years of 10 m hourly wind speed, measured at the Cerro Moreno (Antofagasta) Airport between 1991 and 2003 and at the Orica Station between 2000 and 2004, were analyzed. For each year, the wind speed statistical distribution can be represented by a combination of two to three Weibull functions. Winds of the lowest Weibull mode are too weak to move the sand grains at the surface of the pampa; this is not the case for the intermediate mode and especially for the highest speed mode which are able to erode the arid surface and transport particles to the bay. In each individual year of the period of study, the highest speed mode only accounted for a limited number of strong erosion events. Quantitative analysis of the distribution of the friction velocities and of their impact on erosion using a saltation model suggests that, although all wind speeds above threshold produce erosion events, values around 0·45 m sec^?1 contribute less to the erosion flux. This gap allows separation of the erosion events into low and high saltation modes. The correlation (r = 0·997) between the importance of the third Weibull mode and the extent of higher rate saltation indicates that the inter‐annual variability of the erosion at the surface of the pampa, as well as the transport of coarse particles (>100 μm), are directly related to inter‐annual variations in the prevalence of the strongest winds. Finally, a transport and deposition model is used to assess the possible impact of the wind inter‐annual variability on the deposition flux of mineral particles in the bay. The results suggest that inter‐annual differences in the wind speed distributions have a quantifiable effect on the intensity and size‐distribution of this deposition flux. This observation suggests that a detailed analysis of the sediment cores collected from the bay could be used for reconstructing the inter‐annual variability of past winds.  相似文献   

The earliest well-dated archeological site in the hyper-arid Tarim Basin and its implications for prehistoric human migration and climatic change   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

WenXia Han  LuPeng Yu  ZhongPing Lai  David Madsen  Shengli Yang 《Quaternary Research》2014

The routes and timing of human occupation of the Tibetan Plateau (TP) are crucial for understanding the evolution of Tibetan populations and associated paleoclimatic conditions. Many archeological sites have been found in/around the Tarim Basin, on the northern margin of the Tibetan Plateau. Unfortunately, most of these sites are surface sites and cannot be directly dated. Their ages can only be estimated based on imprecise artifact comparisons. We recently found and dated an archeological site on a terrace along the Keriya River. Our ages indicate that the site was occupied at ~ 7.0–7.6 ka, making it the earliest well-dated archeological site yet identified in the Tarim Basin. This suggests that early human foragers migrated into this region prior to ~ 7.0–7.6 ka during the early to mid-Holocene climatic optimum, which may have provided the impetus for populating the region. We hypothesize that the Keriya River, together with the other rivers originating from the TP, may have served as access routes onto the TP for early human foragers. These rivers may also have served as stepping stones for migration further west into the now hyper-arid regions of the Tarim Basin, leading ultimately to the development of the Silk Road.  相似文献   

腾格里沙漠西北缘青土湖晚第四纪孢粉组合特征与环境变迁          下载免费PDF全文

王丽媛  辛蔚  程捷 《古地理学报》2014,16(2):239-248

根据腾格里沙漠西北缘青土湖ZK1孔晚第四纪以来沉积物孢粉组合、磁化率特征和光释光年代的研究,恢复了该区的植被面貌,论述了青土湖地区自中更新世晚期以来的气候变迁特征。研究结果表明,该地区中更新世晚期可划分为凉干和暖湿2个阶段;晚更新世可划分为暖湿和凉干2个阶段,并且与深海氧同位素曲线反映的末次间冰期、末次冰期的次一级气候旋回特征相吻合;全新世该地区主要经历了从暖湿到凉干的气候波动。  相似文献   

The role of rare rainstorms in the formation of calcic soil horizons on alluvial surfaces in extreme deserts     

Rivka Amit  Yehouda Enzel  Naomi Porat 《Quaternary Research》2010,74(2):177-187

Soils in similar geomorphic settings in hyperarid deserts (< 50 mm yr⁻¹) should have similar characteristics because a negative moisture balance controls their development. However, Reg soils in the hyperarid southern Negev and Namib deserts are distinctly different. Soils developed on stable alluvial surfaces with only direct input of rainfall and dust depend heavily on rainfall characteristics. Annual rainfall amount can be similar (15-30 mm), but storm duration can drastically alter Reg soil properties in deserts. The cooler fall/winter and dry hot summers of the southern Negev Desert with a predominance brief (≤ 1 day) rainstorms result in gypsic-saline soils without any calcic soil horizon. Although the Namib Desert receives only 50-60% of the southern Negev annual rainfall, its rainstorm duration is commonly 2-4 days. This improves leaching of the top soil under even lower annual rainfall amount and results in weeks-long grass cover. The long-term cumulative effect of these rare rain-grass relationships produces a calcic-gypsic-saline soil. The development of these different kinds of desert soils highlights the importance of daily to seasonal rainfall characteristics in influencing soil-moisture regime in deserts, and has important implications for the use of key desert soil properties as proxies in paleoclimatology.  相似文献   

巴丹吉林沙漠东南缘末次冰期沉积物地球化学特征及气候指示意义     

范小露  张新毅  田明中 《干旱区地理》2021,44(2):409-417

沙漠古气候重建对于了解区域古气候演变具有重要意义.通过以巴丹吉林沙漠东南缘巴润宝日陶勒盖(BRBG)剖面为研究对象,进行全样地球化学、分组分分粒级元素地球化学及Sr同位素分析,重建该地区末次冰期期间(66.8～41.0 ka)的气候演化模式.研究表明:66.8～41.0 ka呈现残留组分高Sr/Ca值、酸溶组分及残留组...  相似文献   

塔克拉玛干沙漠沙垄起伏地形夏季地表温度差异特征          下载免费PDF全文

王国胜  何清  金莉莉  赵佳伟  阿力木.阿巴斯  邢红艳 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2022,16(6):131-140

摘 要：开展塔克拉玛干沙漠沙垄起伏地形夏季地表温度观测试验，旨在为塔克拉玛干沙漠环境陆面过程研究提供科学依据。2019年6月7日至9月2日在塔中地区，沿沙垄迎风坡以及背风坡底部、中部、上部、顶点及垄间谷地共设8个地表温度观测点。结果表明：（1）夏季沙垄地表温度最高温出现在垄间谷地，为74.63 ℃，最低温出现在迎风坡底部，为10.52 ℃；地表温度一天中在7:00左右达到最低，15:00左右达到最高。（2）晴天、多云以及浮尘天各观测点地表温度日均变化曲线呈单峰型，降水、扬沙及沙尘暴天呈双峰型；地表温度的最高温与日均值最大值均出现在晴天的垄间谷地，地表温度的最低温及日均值最小值均出现在降水天的迎风坡底部。（3）沙垄顶点与两个底部最大温差范围是顶点与背风坡底部在晴天的温差范围，为0～18.62 ℃，最小温差范围是顶点与迎风坡底部在降水天的温差范围，为0.01～6.18 ℃；迎风坡和背风坡在晴天地表温度温差范围最大，为0.01～16.93 ℃，在降水天温差范围最小，为0.01～4.15 ℃；顶点与两个底部夏季综合温差范围在0～18.62 ℃，迎风坡与背风坡夏季综合温差范围为0～16.93 ℃。塔克拉玛干沙漠地表温度受典型天气影响变化类型多样，沙垄顶点与底部、迎风坡与背风坡地表温度差异受风力及地形作用明显。  相似文献   

基于Grimm180粒子仪对塔克拉玛干沙漠沙尘暴的定量观测          下载免费PDF全文

明虎  王敏仲  刘新春  杨慧娟  高联辉  王奇 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2021,15(2):26-33

为了得到沙尘粒子和沙尘质量浓度的实时定量特征,利用Grimm180粒子仪在塔克拉玛干沙漠对沙尘暴进行了实时观测。通过分析Grimm180粒子仪在2018年5月20日和24日两次沙尘暴过程观测的数据得到:在浮尘、扬沙和沙尘暴期间,PM_2.5的质量浓度值随时间变化不大,一般PM_2.5浓度值<1500μg·m^-3,而PM₁₀在不同阶段的变化比较明显,数值在2000~6000μg·m^-3。沙尘粒子谱和沙尘质量浓度谱的分布形状在浮尘、扬沙和沙尘暴基本相同,当粒子直径>0.35μm时,粒子数浓度随直径的增大近似符合M-P分布。从浮尘到扬沙再到沙尘暴,小粒子区(D≤1μm)的占比越来越小,而中粒子区(1μm10μm)的粒子数越来越多并且占比越来越大。当粒子直径为0.35μm左右时,粒子数浓度达到最大值;当粒子直径在25~32μm时,沙尘质量浓度的值最大。在浮尘和扬沙阶段,PM_2.5/PM₁₀>25%;每分钟1 L体积内的沙尘粒子总数大约是4×10⁵,最大沙尘质量浓度<20μg·L^-1。在沙尘暴阶段,PM_2.5/PM₁₀<15%;每分钟1 L体积内的沙尘粒子总数>5×10⁵,最大沙尘质量浓度>25μg·L^-1。这些结论为准确地分析沙尘暴的定量特征提供了科学依据。  相似文献