用半径-电荷比研究SiHmXn和CHmXn型分子的标准生成焓   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

谢兵  冯琳  杨锋  罗明道  屈松生 《地球科学》2001,26(3):328-330

本文用原子的半径-电荷比定义原子结构参数Pi和分子结构参数P.用P分别研究了含氢分子SiHmXn和CHmXn（X=F，Cl，Br，I）的标准生成焓，二者呈良好的线性关系.本文的定义考虑了氢对分子结构和性质的贡献.  相似文献   

Experimental study on N_2O and CH_4 fluxes from the dark coniferous forest zone soil of the Gongga Mountain, China   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

董云社  齐玉春  罗辑  梁涛  雒昆利  章申 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2003,46(3)

The increasing concentration of greenhouse gas in the atmosphere and their resultant climatic and environmental changes have been drawing much attention of the governments of various countries in recent years. The sphere of global influence and the comp…  相似文献   

Metamorphic Environments around the Cretaceous Kurihashi Pluton in the Kitakami Mountains, NE Japan: in Comparison to the Ganidake Pluton - Kamaishi Skarn Metasomatism     

Kazuhiro Sasaki    Kazuo Nakashima  Satoshi Kanisawa 《Resource Geology》2005,55(2):111-122

Abstract. Many granitic plutons of Early Cretaceous age are intruded on various scales in the Kitakami Mountains. The stock‐type Ganidake pluton accompanies enormous Fe‐Cu mineralization of the Kamaishi deposits, whereas the Kurihashi pluton accompanies less mineralization. To elucidate the cause of these differences, the metamorphic conditions and redox state of the contact metamorphic aureole around the Kurihashi pluton have been examined by the petrochemical study and gas analysis of the metamorphic rocks. A typical mineral assemblage in the pelitic rocks in the lowest‐grade part is biotite‐muscovite‐chlorite‐quartz‐plagio‐clase‐graphite, which occur more than 2 km away from the contact point with the Kurihashi pluton. Graphite disappears at the 1550 m point, and cordierite and garnet appear in the middle and highest‐grade parts, respectively. A typical mineral assemblage in the tuffaceous rocks in the lower‐grade part is chlorite‐actinolite‐biotite‐quartz‐plagioclase. Actinolite changes into hornblende near to the pluton. The CO₂/CH₄ ratios obtained in measurements by gas chromatography exceeds 100 in the pelitic rocks at the contact point with the pluton. The ratios decrease and become less than 0.1 with distance from the pluton. Equilibrium temperatures calculated from a garnet‐biotite pair in the pelitic rock and a hornblende‐plagioclase pair in the tuffaceous rock are 640d? and 681 d?C at the contact point, respectively. The log?o₂ values among these metamorphic aureoles estimated from the CO₂/CH₄ ratios are slightly lower than the FMQ‐buffer. Redox states of the contact metamorphic aureole are kept in an intermediate condition between oxidized magma of the Kurihashi pluton and graphite‐bearing pelitic country rocks. Judging from these metamorphic conditions around the Kurihashi pluton and from the re‐evaluation of the previous knowledge about contact metasomatism around the Ganidake pluton, the Kurihashi metamorphism has occurred at higher temperatures and dry conditions than the Ganidake metasomatism. These differences in the metamorphic conditions and presence or absence of a large limestone mass around the pluton might be the principal reasons why the Kurihashi pluton accompanies less mineralization and the Ganidake pluton accompanies gigantic Kamaishi skarn mineralization.  相似文献   

A multi-methodological approach to determine CO2 and CH4 fluxes and concentrations in solid waste disposal     

Barbara Nisi Franco Tasssi Giordano Montegrossi Orlando Vaselli Fabrizio Cuccoli Luca Lombardi Sandro Moretti 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):98-98

The municipal solid waste （MSW） landfills are the significant sources of atmospheric contamination, due to biogas production by anaerobic decomposition of organic matter via bacterial activity. Biogas released from landfills is commonly composed of a mixture of methane （55%-60%） and carbon dioxide （40%-45%）, with minor contents of N2, H2, CO and traces of toxic and bad smelling inorganic and organic compounds. Particular attention has to be paid to CH4 and CO2 because of their liability for the greenhouse effect. Presently, the U.S. methane emission from landfills is considered to be about 25% of the total methane released to the atmosphere. Accordingly, field measurements should be planned in order to verify and, eventually, optimize the amount of gases released from waste disposals to the atmosphere. Simultaneous measurements of methane and carbon dioxide fluxes are an effective tool to better evaluate： （1） the amount of biogas released, （2） the real efficiency of the impervious cover, and （3） the presence of anomalous degassing zones or of newly formed fractures. Static closed-chamber methods for CH4 and CO2 flux measurements have been developed and used in both natural and artificial systems. Furthermore, portable gas-chromatographers equipped with flame ionization detector （FID） and accumulation chamber connected to infrared detectors （IR） .have been utilized for measuring CH4 and CO2 fluxes, respectively. This paper deals with a detailed investigation that combines （1） CH4 and CO2 flux measurements from solid waste disposal and surrounding areas （determined by an accumulation chamber equipped with two IR detectors, respectively）, （2） chemical composition of soil and piezometer gases （collected in pre-evacuated glass tubes and analyzed by gas-chromatography）, and （3） CO2 linear concentration measurements on optical air paths with IR laser devices. This multi-methodological approach was successfully applied to an active MSW in Tuscany （Central Italy）. The analytical results have shown that the CO2/CH4 ratios of the piezometer gases have large variations, likely related to the different stage of decomposition processes affecting the heterogeneous solid material of the waste landfill. Significant contents of light hydrocarbons and BTX were also detected.  相似文献   

Mineralogy and petrology of Al-rich objects and amoeboid olivine aggregates in the CH carbonaceous chondrite North West Africa 739     

Alexander N. Krot  Michael I. Petaev  Klaus Keil 《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2006,66(1):57-76

The aluminum-rich (>10 wt% Al₂O₃) objects in the CH carbonaceous chondrite North West Africa (NWA) 739 include Ca,Al-rich inclusions (CAIs), Al-rich chondrules, and isolated mineral grains (spinel, plagioclase, glass). Based on the major mineralogy, 54 refractory inclusions found in about 1 cm² polished section of NWA 739 can be divided into hibonite-rich (16%), grossite-rich (26%), melilite-rich (28%), spinel-pyroxene-rich (16%) CAIs, and amoeboid olivine aggregates, (AOA's, 17%). Most CAIs are rounded, 25–185 μm (average=70 μm) in apparent diameter, contain abundant, tiny perovskite grains, and typically surrounded by a single- or double-layered rim composed of melilite and/or Al-diopside; occasionally, layers of spinel+hibonite and forsterite are observed. The AOAs are irregularly shaped, 100–250 μm (average=175 μm) in size, and consist of forsterite, Fe,Ni-metal, and CAIs composed of Al-diopside, anorthite, and minor spinel. One AOA contains compact, rounded melilite-spinel-perovskite CAIs and low-Ca pyroxene replacing forsterite. The Al-rich (>10 wt% bulk Al₂O₃) chondrules are divided into Al-diopside-rich and plagioclase-rich. The Al-diopside-rich chondrules, 50–310 μm (average=165 μm) in apparent diameter, consist of Al-diopside, skeletal forsterite, spinel, ±Al-rich low-Ca pyroxene, and ±mesostasis. The plagioclase-rich chondrules, 120–455 μm (average=285 μm) in apparent diameter, are composed of low-Ca and high-Ca pyroxenes, forsterite, anorthitic plagioclase, Fe,Ni-metal nodules, and mesostasis. The isolated spinel occurs as coarse, 50–125 μm in size, subhedral grains, which are probably the fragments of Al-diopside chondrules. The isolated plagioclase grains are too coarse (60–120 μm) to have been produced by disintegration of chondrules or CAIs; they range in composition from nearly pure anorthite to nearly pure albite; their origin is unclear. The Al-rich objects show no evidence for Fe-alkali metasomatic or aqueous alteration; the only exception is an Al-rich chondrule fragment with anorthite replaced by nepheline. They are texturally and mineralogically similar to those in other CH chondrites studied (Acfer 182, ALH85085, PAT91467, NWA 770), but are distinct from the Al-rich objects in other chondrite groups (CM, CO, CR, CV). The CH CAIs are dominated by very refractory minerals, such as hibonite, grossite, perovskite and gehlenitic melilite, and appear to have experienced very low degrees of high-temperature alteration reactions. These include replacement of grossite by melilite, of melilite by anorthite, diopside, and spinel, and of forsterite by low-Ca pyroxene. Only a few CAIs show evidence for melting and multilayered Wark-Lovering rims. These observations may suggest that CH CAIs experienced rather simple formation history and escaped extensive recycling. In order to preserve the high-temperature mineral assemblages, they must have been efficiently isolated from the hot nebular region, like some chondrules and the zoned Fe,Ni-metal grains in CH chondrites.  相似文献   

三江平原湿地CH₄、N₂O的地-气交换特征   总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11  

王毅勇  郑循华  宋长春  赵志春 《地理研究》2006,25(3):457-467

利用暗箱-气相色谱法对三江平原3种具有代表性的湿地类型（常年积水的毛果苔草沼泽、季节性积水的小叶章湿草甸和灌丛湿地）进行了为期两年的CH⁴和N²O现场同步观测。结果表明,湿地全年CH⁴和N²O通量有明显的季节和年际变化,与温度和土壤水分条件密切相关。在发生季节性干旱的年份,生长季（5月¹0月）CH⁴排放通量峰值出现在6月和8月,呈双峰型;而在降水充沛的年份,CH⁴排放通量峰值出现在6、7月份,呈单峰型。冰冻期（11月到次年4月）CH⁴排放通量十分的微弱,其中灌丛湿地表现为负排放。3种类型湿地N²O通量一般在非冰冻期表现为排放,呈双峰型,5月份融化期为第一个高峰期,7、8月为第二个高峰期,冰雪覆盖期表现为吸收。湿地CH⁴和N²O通量在春季的融冻期,存在此消彼长的现象。  相似文献   

利用HALOE资料分析中层大气中水汽和甲烷的分布特征   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

毕云  陈月娟  许利 《大气科学》2007,31(3):440-448

利用1991年12月至2004年5月的HALOE资料，分析了中层大气中微量气体水汽和甲烷的垂直和水平分布特征。垂直分布特征是:水汽混合比在对流层顶和平流层底达到极小值（此极小值区被称为湿层顶），平流层里水汽混合比随高度增加，在平流层上层和中间层低层混合比出现明显的扰动，在中间层顶再次达到极小值，向上混合比又随高度增加。甲烷混合比从100 hPa附近向上混合比一直减少。经向分布特征主要表现为:平流层中下层水汽混合比低值区在热带地区上拱，水汽混合比自低纬向高纬递增；而该气层甲烷混合比则是高值区在热带地区上拱，甲烷混合比自低纬向高纬递减。在低平流层副热带20°S～30°S（20°N～30°N）附近二者混合比水平梯度相对偏大。平流层中上层二者等值线在北半球夏季变成双峰形势，北半球冬季仍是单峰形势。中间层二者都主要表现为冬、夏季分布形势相反。在北半球夏季30°N，平流层中下层水汽和甲烷混合比纬向梯度很小，对流层上层以及中间层二者混合比纬向梯度明显。  相似文献   

苏北盐沼DMS、CS_2和CH_4排放通量沿高程梯度的变化   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

王进欣  孙书存  王今殊  仲崇庆  邢伟 《地理科学》2009,29(4)

在中国东部海岸带盐沼沿环境梯度采用静态箱技术原位测定CH4、DMS和CS2气体的通量.结果表明,苏北海岸带盐沼整体上表现为CH4、DMS和CS2气体的源,其中,互花米草带(Spartina alternflora)排放率最高.CH4、DMS和CS2排放率之间的正相关关系支持DMS是甲烷生产底物的推断.高等植物地上部分是CH4、DMS和CS2气体的重要源,但植物排放这些气体的机制还不清楚.盐沼CH4、DMS和CS2气体的净排放可能与盐沼丰富的有机质含量有关,有机质为土壤微生物提供充足的碳源和能量.  相似文献   

三峡水库澎溪河CO₂、CH₄气泡释放通量初探   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

李哲  张呈  刘靓  郭劲松  方芳  陈永柏 《湖泊科学》2014,26(5):789-798

气泡释放是天然水体中水-气交换的重要途径之一.采用改进的倒置漏斗型气泡通量监测装置于2012年3-8月期间对三峡支流澎溪河高阳平湖库湾水域进行气泡释放通量的监测研究.研究期间,研究水域CH4气泡释放通量变化范围为0.01 ～ 23288.64 μmol/(m2·d);CO2气泡释放通量变化范围为0～799.89 μmol/(m2·d).不同常规采样点CH4、CO2气泡释放通量均呈现出高度的时空异质性特征.但CH4气泡释放通量显著高于CO2气泡释放通量,且二者释放过程具有同步性.同国外已有水库监测结果相比,澎溪河回水区高阳平湖库湾水域CH4、CO2气泡释放通量位于中等水平.CH4气泡释放通量约为同期CH4扩散通量的0～ 1893.90％,超量释放下CH4气泡释放通量可达同水域CH4扩散通量的6270.5％±390.0％.CO2气泡释放通量仅占同期扩散通量绝对值的0～ 21.74‰,超量释放下,CO2气泡释放通量亦仅为同期扩散通量绝对值的40.33‰ ±0.93‰.CH4气泡释放通量在支流库湾水域对总通量的贡献不可忽视.  相似文献   

2015年4月15日内蒙古阿拉善左旗M_S5.8地震前后CH₄和CO变化     

李新艳  崔月菊  马禾青  卫定军  仵柯田 《地震》2019,39(4):54-62

基于卫星高光谱数据讨论鄂尔多斯西缘CH₄和CO气体背景场特征和2015年4月15日内蒙古阿拉善左旗M_S5.8地震前后气体异常变化。 结果表明, CH₄和CO气体总量在时间上均存在显著的季节变化, 空间分布上受构造地质背景、 地形地貌影响, 高值区位于银川、 吉兰泰、 河套断陷盆地。 2015年4月15日内蒙古阿拉善左旗M_S5.8地震当月, CH₄异常沿鄂尔多斯西缘断裂带呈线性展布, 地震前1周左右, 震中两侧油气田出现CH₄异常, 异常幅度达到6倍标准偏差, 与地震引起附近油气田CH₄逸出增加有关; CO异常空间分布与CH₄基本一致, 时间上滞后CH₄异常1周左右, 持续2周左右后消失。 CH₄和CO关系密切, CO异常部分源自CH₄氧化。  相似文献